语言学-语音课件

Chapter2hesoundsofLanguageOverviewofChapter2Phonetics1.Sc。pesofphonetics2.Importantarticulators3.Phonetictranscription4.ClassificationofEnglishspeechsounds5.VariationsofsoundsPhonology1.Phonologyvsphonetics2.Phone,phonemeandallophone3.Minimalpairsandsets4.Freevariation5.Distinctivefeatures6.syllablesandconsonantclusters7.Suprasegmentalfeatures1Scopeofphonetics1.1DefiningphoneticsSpeechproductionSpeechperception(SpeakerA)(SpeakerB)Whatisphonetics?oPhonetics-thestudyofspeechsoundsthatoccurinallhumanlanguageseItisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudieshumanspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsforthedescription,classificationandtranscriptionofthesesounds1.2ScopeofphoneticsThethreebranchesofphonetics(p.26)Articulatoryphonetics(发音语音学)studiesthehumanspeechorgans,andthewayinwhichthespeechsoundsareproduced.Acousticphonetics(声学语音学)-transmissionAuditoryphonetics(听觉语音学)-perceptionAmongthethreebranches,onlyarticulatoryphoneticsisdealtwithinourcourse2.ImportantarticulatorsArticulators/speechorgansThelungsandthetrachea([treiki]windpipe)pulmonicsounds(肺闭塞音)Theresonatingcavities(共呜腔)Theresonatingcavitiesiswheretheairstreamcomingfromthelungsismodifiedinvariousways.resultingintheproductionofvarioussounds.Oralcavity口腔Nasalcavity鼻腔pharyngealcavity/pharynx咽腔Thepharyngealcavity/pharynx(咽腔):betweenthetopofthelarynx(k)andthesoftpalate)Thethroatcontainsvocalcords/folds,ventricularfolds(膨胀带)and.glottis声门(he.openIngbetweenthevocalcords),themovementofwhichdeterminesthequalityofvoicing(voicedvoiceless)andpitch(音高)Thenasalcavity(鼻腔):thenoseNasalresonance(共鸣)canbeproducedduetotheloweringthesoftpalate(velum),resultingtheproductionofnasals.Theoralcavity(口腔):themouthItcontainsthelips,teeth,teeth(alveolar)ridge龈/槽)tipoftongue,bladeoftongue,hardpalatefrontoffongue,backoftongue,softpalate(velum)uvula,epiglottis(会厌软骨)Importantarticulators鼻腔hardpalatasoftpalatealveolarridge軟腭Mua惡葬量tonsil需姚體tongueAdarn'sapplevocal|cords锉帮喉結pUSesophagus,larynx(asovaice-bOKaisogullet)thethroat咽Importantarticulatorsupperteethsoftpalatealveolarhardvelumridgepalateupperlip-(lowerliptongue12-pharynxlowert