文化型阅读理解

专题五文化型阅读理解

专题五

文化型阅读理解专题五│专题导读文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：专题导读专题五│专题导读1.先题后文。先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。2.先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。3.重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Mainidea型；一类是Topic或Title型。专题五│真题典例[2011·全国卷Ⅱ]ThewaywedothingsroundhereSomeyearsago，IwashiredbyanAmericanbank.IreceivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDepartmentthatstarted，“DearJohn,Iamquitepleasedthatyouhavedecidedtojoinus.”That“quite”saddenedme.Ithoughthewassaying“we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinus真题典例专题五│真题典例althoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse.”ThenIdiscoveredthatinAmericanEnglish“quite”sometimesmeans“very”，whileinBritishEnglishitmeans“fairly”．SothefirstlessonaboutworkinginothercountriesistolearnthelanguageandbythatIdon'tjustmeanthewordspeoplespeak.Itisbodylanguage，dress，manners，ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmanyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures(文化)．专题五│真题典例Someofthesedifferencesmaybeonlyonthesurface—dress，foodandhoursofwork—whileothersmaybedeeperandtakelongertodealwith.Mostly，itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem，liketheclimate(气候)，whilegettingonwithbusiness.Someofthedifferencesmaybeanimprovement.Peoplearemorepolite；theserviceisbetter；youaskforsomethingtobedoneandithappenswithouthavingtoaskagain.However，otherdifferencescanbetroubling，like专题五│真题典例punctuality(准时)．Ifyouinvitepeopletoapartyat7o'clockyourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany，fiveminutesearlyintheAmericanMidwest，anhourearlyinJapan,15minutesafterwardsintheUK，uptoanhourafterwardsinItalyandsometimeintheeveninginGreece.Iprefernottousetheword“late”becausethereisnothingwrongwiththetimespeoplearrive.Itissimplytheacceptedthingtodointheirowncountry.专题五│真题典例

【要点综述】作者以自己在美国的一次找工作的经历，说明了在国外工作了解外国文化差异的重要性。专题五│真题典例(

)1.TheauthorwasunhappyasmentionedinParagraph1becausehethought________.A．theAmericanbankdidn'tthinkmuchofhimB．theAmericanbankmighthireanotherpersonC．it'sdifficulttogetusedtoAmericancultureD．it'seasytomisunderstandAmericans专题五│真题典例【解析】

A细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句话That“quite”saddenedme.和第四句话Ithoughthewassaying“we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinusalthoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse.”可知是A。结合下面的解释AmericanEnglish“quite”的意思，可知B“这家银行打算雇用另外一个人”错误。C“难以习惯美国文化”和D“容易误解美国人”与事实不符。专题五│真题典例(

)2.Theword“highlights”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．encourages B．helpstonarrowC．increasesD．drawsattentionto【解析】

2．D词义猜测题。从第二段的最后一句话画线部分前面的Thewaypeopledothings和后面的manyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures可知这里的highlights是“吸引注意力”的意思。A项意为“鼓励”，B项意为“帮助缩小”，C项意为“增加”，与语境不符。专题五│真题典例(

)3.Accordingtotheauthor，whatshouldwedowithmostculturaldifferences?A．Askthenativepeopleforhelp.B．Understandandacceptthem.C．Dothingsinourownway.D．Doin­depthresearch.【解析】

3．B细节理解题。从第三段的第二句话Mostly，itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem可知是B。专题五│真题典例(

)4.Wheninvitedtoapartythepeoplewhoareusuallypunctualare________.A．Italians B．Germans C．Greeks D．theBritish

【解析】

4．B细节理解题。根据最后一段的第四句话yourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany以及后面给出的各个国家的例子，可知是德国人最守时。

专题五│新题预测(一)OvertheyearsI'vebeenteachingkidsaboutasimplebutpowerfulspirit—theantphilosophy(哲学).Ithinkeverybodyshouldstudyants.Antshaveanamazingfour­partphilosophy,andhereisthefirstpart：theyneverquit.That'sagoodphilosophy.Ifthey'reheadedsomewhereandyoutrytostopthem,they'lllookforanotherway.They'llclimbover，they'llclimb新题预测专题五│新题预测under,andthey'llclimbaround.Theykeeplookingforanotherway.Whataneatphilosophy,toneverquitlookingforawaytogetwherethey'resupposedtogo.Second,antsthinkwinterallsummer.That'sanimportantperspective(态度，观点).Youcan'tbesonaive(无知的)astothinksummerwilllastforever.Soantsaregatheringintheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummer.Anancientstorysays,“Don'tbuildyourhouseonthesandin专题五│新题预测summer.”Itisimportanttothinkahead.Insummer,youhavetothinkaboutthestorm.Youhavetothinkaboutrocksasyouenjoythesandandsun.Thethirdpartoftheantphilosophyisthatantsthinksummerallwinter.Thatissoimportant.Duringthewinter,antsremindthemselves,“Thiswon'tlastlong；we'llsoonbeoutofhere.”Andonthefirstwarmday,theantsareout.Ifitturnscoldagain,they'llgoback,butthentheycomeoutagainifitiswarm.Theycan'twaittogetout.

专题五│新题预测Andhereisthelastpartoftheantphilosophy.Howmuchwillanantgatherduringthesummertoprepareforthewinter?Allthathepossiblycan.Whatanincredible(难以置信的)philosophy,the“all­that­you­possibly­can”philosophy.Whatagreatantphilosophy!Nevergiveup,lookahead,stayactiveanddoallyoucan.

专题五│新题预测(

)1.Ifantshavetroublereachingsomewhere,theywill________.A．giveuptheireffortatlastB．lookforothers'helpC.waitforachancetocomeD．getthereinanotherway【解析】

D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ifthey'reheadedsomewhereandyoutrytostopthem,they'lllookforanotherway.”可知，它们会寻找其他方法到达它们想去的地方。专题五│新题预测(

)2.InParagraph3,peopleareadvised________.A．tobuildtheirhousesinwinterB．togathersomefoodinwinterC．tobuildthehouseonthesandinsummerD．tothinkaboutthestorminsummer【解析】

2．D推理判断题。根据第三段的“Insummer,youhavetothinkaboutthestorm.”可以确定答案。专题五│新题预测(

)3.Thethirdpartoftheantphilosophyis________.A．moreimportantthantheotherthreeB．tobelieveinyourselfandthinkaboutnodifficultyC．tobeactiveandmakeuseofeveryopportunityD．thatweshouldknowwinterislongerthansummer【解析】

3．C细节理解题。第四段中的“Duringthewinter，antsremindthemselves，…Theycan'twaittogetout.”，以及作者在最后一段中所概括的“stayactive”，表明蚂蚁有积极进取的精神。专题五│新题预测()4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthe“all­that­you­possibly­can”philosophy?A．Weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwecan.B．Oneshouldthinkofwhatwillhappeninthefuture.C．Oneshouldgetmorepayforwhathehasdone.D．Weshouldspendmoretimedoingourwork.

【解析】

4．A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句的“Howmuchwillanantgatherduringthesummertoprepareforthewinter?Allthathepossiblycan.”可知答案。

专题五│新题预测(二)Once,manyyearsago,IpulledafamilyoutofaburningcarsomewhereinWyoming.LastweekIreceivedatelephonecallfromawomanwhocouldnotstopcryingasshetoldmethatoneofmystorieshadsavedhersonfromcommittingsuicide.Inclosingshecalledmeahero.Thatgotmethinkingaboutwhataherois.WasIaherobecauseIpulledafamilyfromaburningcar?Ifso,howcouldIbeaherojustbecauseIwroteastorythatsavedsomeone'slife?专题五│新题预测TodayIdecidedtolookuptheword“hero”inthedictionarytoseeexactlywhatitmeant.Itread“apersonwhodoessomethingbrave”andalso“apersonwhoisgoodandnoble”．Thatstatementimpressedmemorethanthepartaboutbeingbrave.SoIthoughtaboutsomethingveryimportant.AndIrememberedwhathappenedtomeyearsago.专题五│新题预测Aftermymarriageoftwentyyearsended,Iwasinsuchacondition.Iwaswithinhourstryingtogetupenoughcouragetoendthepainandmisery.WhenIreturnedhome,someonehadsentmeacardinthemailwhichtoldmehowmuchtheywouldappreciatemeasafriend.Thatwonderfulcardprobablysavedmylife.Thatperson,withoutevenknowing_it,_savedalifeandbecameahero.

专题五│新题预测ManystoriesIkeptwritinginthefollowingyearssavedthelifeofateenageboy.Inturnthatmakesthepersonwhosentmethecardadoublehero.IsupposethatiswhyIfightsohardtohelpthechildrennowlivinginorphanages(孤儿院).Mostchildrencomeoutoftheseinstitutionswithaveryhardandbitterattitudeagainsttheworld.Thegiftswesendthemletthemknowthattheyhavenotbeenforgotten.Hopefully,mostofthemwillneverhurtanyonebecauseofthekindnessshowntothembythoseofuswhocared.Ifitworks,wewillalsobecome“heroes”．

专题五│新题预测(

)1.Themainideaofthepassageis________.A．whythewritershouldbeahero B．whataheroexactlyisC．whetherthewriterisahero D．thateveryoneisahero【解析】

B主旨大意题。从第二段的开头“Thatgotmethinkingaboutwhataherois”到结束，作者都围绕着“什么是英雄”这个话题，因此主旨大意应该是B。专题五│新题预测(

)2.Whydidthewomancallthewriteraheroattheendofthecall?A．Becausehisstorysavedherson'slife.B．Becausehesavedafamilyfromaburningcar.C．Becauseheasked