2022-2023学年湖北省问津联合体高二上学期期中质量检测英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频无听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年湖北省问津联合体高二上学期期中质量检测英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频无听力原文）2024届问津联合体高二11月期中质量检测

英语试卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A．19.15.B．9.18.C．9.15.

答案是C。

1．Whenwillthelecturebegiven

A．OnJune10th.B．OnJune11th.C．OnJune12th.

2．Whatcausedthecompanysalestorise

A．TheonlinemarketingcampaignB．Theextrasalespeople.C．Thediscountprices.

3．WhatisJimmydoing

A．Readingastorybook.B．Doinghishomework.C．Playingcomputergames.

4．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando

A．Forgivetheplayer.B．Kicktheplayerout.C．Apologizetotheplayer.

5．Wheredoesthewomanusuallygetthebook

A．Intheslop.B．OntheInternet.C．Inthesupermarket.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。

6．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout

A．Thepreparationsforacamping.B．Thechangeableweather.C．Theirfavoritefood.

7．Whatwillthemantake

A．Bread.B．Hamburgers.C．Cards.

听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。

8．Whatiswrongwiththewoman

A．Shehasafever.B．Shehasaheadache.C．Shehasasleepingproblem.

9．Whatdidthewomandolastnight

A．Shepreparedforameeting.B．Sheattendedameeting.C．Shewenttobedearly.

10．Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo

A．Quitthejob.B．Takesomemedicine.C．Takearest.

听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。

11．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace

A．Atatheater.B．Atahotel.C．Atasnackbar.

12．Whatwouldthemanprobablydoat6:00p.m.tomorrow

A．Celebratetheirweddinganniversary.

B．Attendaweddingceremony.

C．Spendhis20thbirthday.

13．Howmuchshouldthemanpay

A．$100.B．$200.C．$300.

听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。

14．Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A．Colleagues.B．Schoolmates.C．Teacherandstudent.

15．Whatisthewoman’sproblem

A．Herbrotherisdisturbingher.

B．Shehasnodictionarytouse.

C．Herparentscan’tgiveheranyadvice.

16．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando

A．Tellherbrothertostop.B．Gotothelibrarytostudy.C．Askherparentsforhelp.

17．Whatisthewomanembarrassedat

A．Rememberinglittlefromhistory.B．Reviewingbysinginghernotes.C．Writingdownwhatshehasread.

听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。

18．WhatwasthemainmealforpeopleinPrussiainthe18thcentury

A．Rice.B．Potatoes.C．Bread.

19．Howdidpeoplefeelaboutthepotatoesinthepalacegarden

A．Disappointed.B．Curious.C．Anxious.

20．Whatcanwelearnabouttheking

A．Hewasverysmart.B．Helikedmakingjokes.C．Hewascrazyaboutpotatoes.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

FiveStarYellowstoneTour

Discovertheworld’soldestnationalpark,Yellowstone,onthisgrandwildlifetour.Ourprofessionalguideswillgiveyoua5starcustomerserviceexperienceonyourallinclusivetourwithoutanyadditionaltaxesorbookingfees.

Startingatapproximately7am,wewillberollingouttheredcarpetforyouandallyouhavetodoistositbackandenjoytheride.Weprovidesnacks,bottledwater,andcookedfoodforlunch.Thistour’smainfocusisonthewidevarietyofwildlife,Yellowstone’srichhistoriclandscapesaswellasthefascinatingprospectformedbytheYellowstoneSupervolcanoforovermillionsofyears.Binoculars(双筒望远镜)areprovidedtohelpyouappreciatethescenerybetter.

Whetheryouareanamateurphotographer,ascienceorhistoryenthusiastorjustwanttoexploretheoutdoors,thistourhassomethingforeveryone.Ourfunbutprofessionalguideswillgiveyouafirstclasstourinaverycomfortabletourbus.

Toursnapshot

Duration:10-12hours

TakingCovid-19safetymeasures:Clickhere

Hotelpickupoffered

Groupsize:9

Tickettype:Mobile

Availablelanguage:English

Bookinadvance

Scheduleddate:Checkavailability

Totalfees:$300peradult(age13-99);40%discount(age1-12)

Reservenow

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Thoughtsstartedrunningthroughmymind.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

InaninstantthemanfromtheblackSUVwasstandingbesidemeandsaid,“Iamadoctor.”

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

听力1-5CABAC6-10ABBAC11-15BACBA16-20CBCBA2024届问津联合体高二11月期中质量检测

英语试卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A．19.15.B．9.18.C．9.15.

答案是C。

1．Whenwillthelecturebegiven

A．OnJune10th.B．OnJune11th.C．OnJune12th.

2．Whatcausedthecompanysalestorise

A．Theonlinemarketingcampaign.B．Theextrasalespeople.C．Thediscountprices.

3．WhatisJimmydoing

A．Readingastorybook.B．Doinghishomework.C．Playingcomputergames.

4．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando

A．Forgivetheplayer.B．Kicktheplayerout.C．Apologizetotheplayer.

5．Wheredoesthewomanusuallygetthebook

A．Intheslop.B．OntheInternet.C．Inthesupermarket.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。

6．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout

A．Thepreparationsforacamping.B．Thechangeableweather.C．Theirfavoritefood.

7．Whatwillthemantake

A．Bread.B．Hamburgers.C．Cards.

听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。

8．Whatiswrongwiththewoman

A．Shehasafever.B．Shehasaheadache.C．Shehasasleepingproblem.

9．Whatdidthewomandolastnight

A．Shepreparedforameeting.B．Sheattendedameeting.C．Shewenttobedearly.

10．Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo

A．Quitthejob.B．Takesomemedicine.C．Takearest.

听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。

11．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace

A．Atatheater.B．Atahotel.C．Atasnackbar.

12．Whatwouldthemanprobablydoat6:00p.m.tomorrow

A．Celebratetheirweddinganniversary.

B．Attendaweddingceremony.

C．Spendhis20thbirthday.

13．Howmuchshouldthemanpay

A．$100.B．$200.C．$300.

听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。

14．Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A．Colleagues.B．Schoolmates.C．Teacherandstudent.

15．Whatisthewoman’sproblem

A．Herbrotherisdisturbingher.

B．Shehasnodictionarytouse

C．Herparentscan’tgiveheranyadvice.

16．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando

A．Tellherbrothertostop.B．Gotothelibrarytostudy.C．Askherparentsforhelp.

17．Whatisthewomanembarrassedat

A．Rememberinglittlefromhistory.B．Reviewingbysinginghernotes.C．Writingdownwhatshehasread.

听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。

18．WhatwasthemainmealforpeopleinPrussiainthe18thcentury

A．Rice.B．Potatoes.C．Bread.

19．Howdidpeoplefeelaboutthepotatoesinthepalacegarden

A．Disappointed.B．Curious.C．Anxious.

20．Whatcanwelearnabouttheking

A．Hewasverysmart.B．Helikedmakingjokes.C．Hewascrazyaboutpotatoes.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

FiveStarYellowstoneTour

Discovertheworld’soldestnationalpark,Yellowstone,onthisgrandwildlifetour.Ourprofessionalguideswillgiveyoua5starcustomerserviceexperienceonyourallinclusivetourwithoutanyadditionaltaxesorbookingfees.

Startingatapproximately7am,wewillberollingouttheredcarpetforyouandallyouhavetodoistositbackandenjoytheride.Weprovidesnacks,bottledwater,andcookedfoodforlunch.Thistour’smainfocusisonthewidevarietyofwildlife,Yellowstone’srichhistoriclandscapesaswellasthefascinatingprospectformedbytheYellowstoneSupervolcanoforovermillionsofyears.Binoculars(双筒望远镜)areprovidedtohelpyouappreciatethescenerybetter.

Whetheryouareanamateurphotographer,ascienceorhistoryenthusiastorjustwanttoexploretheoutdoors,thistourhassomethingforeveryone.Ourfunbutprofessionalguideswillgiveyouafirstclasstourinaverycomfortabletourbus.

Toursnapshot

Duration:10-12hours

TakingCovid-19safetymeasures:Clickhere

Hotelpickupoffered

Groupsize:9

Tickettype:Mobile

Availablelanguage:English

Bookinadvance

Scheduleddate:Checkavailability

Totalfees:$300peradult(age13-99);40%discount(age1-12)

Reservenow40%discount(age1-12)(总费用：每位成人300美元（13-99岁）；40%折扣（1-12岁）)”可知，一对夫妻加上一个11岁的小孩应付费用300×2+300×（1-40%）=780美元。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thistour’smainfocusisonthewidevarietyofwildlife,Yellowstone’srichhistoriclandscapesaswellasthefascinatingprospectformedbytheYellowstoneSupervolcanoforovermillionsofyears.(本次游览的重点是种类繁多的野生动物、黄石公园丰富的历史景观以及黄石超级火山数百万年来形成的迷人场景)”可知，关于这次旅行我们能知道它突出了野生动物、历史景观和火山景观。故选D。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据Toursnapshot部分中的“TakingCovid-19safetymeasures:Clickhere(采取新冠肺炎安全措施：点击此处)”可知，这篇文章可能来自一个网站。故选B。

B

Timothyisa5-year-oldboywithautism(自闭症).InOctoberof2023,doctorstoldhisparentsthathesufferedbraintumor(肿瘤).

Twothieveswhospecializedinstealingpackagesfrompeople’sfrontgateshadnoideathatoneofthosepackagescontainedaWWEwrestlingbeltbelongingtoTimothy.Atthetime,thebeltwasonthefrontgateofSergioMoriers’shouse,whosejobwasdecoratingstuff.“Timothy’sfatherdoesn’tmakealotofmoney.Buthewantedtogivehissonanamazinggift,andItoldhimIwoulddoeverythingforfree.Isaid,‘JustshipitoverandI’lldoeverythingyouwantonthebelt,andhe’llhavethebeltofalifetime.’”Hesaid.

Whenthebeltwastaken,Sergiowasextremelydisturbed,“Iwantthemtoknowtheytookhopefroma5-year-oldboywhoislookingforwardtothatitemcomingbacktohim…Youstolethatfromhim.Youbrokeachild’sheart.”Timothy’sfathersharedwhatthatbeltmeanttohisson,“Timothywouldnotgoanywherewithoutthatbelt…Mostkidshaveballs,whilehehadabelt.”Allhopewaslost.

Thensomethingunexpectedhappened.“Isawtwowomenappearedatthegate.Theyputdownthebagthere.MyguardwentoverandIrealizedwhatwashappening.Thatbagcontainedthestolenwrestlingbelt,”Sergiosaid.ThetwowomenapologizedtoSergio.Theysaidthattheywerethrownoutofafriend’sapartmentafterthefriendsawthenewsreportofthetheftonTV.Infact,theyweretryingtokickadrughabit.Theycriedwithguiltandshame.

Seeingthereturnedbelt,Timothy’sfathersaid,“It’soneofthosethingsyoualwayshearabout,thosecrazystoriesaboutpeople,butyouneverthinkit’llhappentoyourself.I’mstilltakenaback,tobehonest.”

4.WhatwasSergio’soriginalintention

A.Tobuytheboyawonderfulgift.

B.Tobeautifytheboy’sbeltforfree.

C.Tohelptheboywinacompetition.

D.Toearnmoneyfromdecoratingthebelt.

5.Whatcanbeknownaboutthethieves

A.Theywereaddictedtodrug.

B.Theywerecaughtbythepolice.

C.TheirfriendreportedthemonTV.

D.Theywerepunishedbytheguard.

6.WhatdidTimothy’sfathermeanattheendofthestory

A.Hewasannoyedaboutcrazystories.

B.Hefelthewascheatedbythethieves.

C.Hewasastonishedatthereturnedbelt.

D.Hecouldn’tbelievehisstuffwasstolen.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A.ASickBoyWinsaWrestlingBelt

B.CaringPeopleShowLoveforaKid

C.AnImmoralActofTheftIsRevealed

D.ThievesReturnWrestlingBelttotheSickBoy

【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了五岁小男孩Timothy患有自闭症，父亲为了让他开心，买了一个摔跤腰带，他非常喜欢，但是腰带却被窃贼偷走了。失去腰带，就意味着Timothy会失去希望。后来窃贼把腰带归还了。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段第二句的“whosejobwasdecoratingstuff（他的工作是装饰东西）”以及四、五句的“ItoldhimIwoulddoeverythingforfree.JustshipitoverandI’lldoeverythingyouwantonthebelt（我告诉他我什么都可以免费做。只要把它运过来，我会按照你的要求在腰带上做任何事情）”可知，Sergio当初是想免费为男孩装饰腰带。故选B项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“Infact,theyweretryingtokickadrughabit.（事实上，他们是想戒掉毒瘾。）”可知，她们说她们想要戒毒，所以她们是吸毒人员。故选A项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Seeingthereturnedbelt,Timothy’sfathersaid,“It’soneofthosethingsyoualwayshearabout,thosecrazystoriesaboutpeople,butyouneverthinkit’llhappentoyourself.I’mstilltakenaback,tobehonest.”（看到归还的腰带，蒂莫西的父亲说：“这是你经常听到的那种事情，那些关于人们的疯狂故事，但你从来没有想过它会发生在你自己身上。说实话，我还是很吃惊。”）”可推知，他对发生在自己身上的失而复得的故事感到惊讶。betakenaback表示“大吃一惊”。故选C项。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Seeingthereturnedbelt,Timothy’sfathersaid,“It’soneofthosethingsyoualwayshearabout,thosecrazystoriesaboutpeople,butyouneverthinkit’llhappentoyourself.”（看到归还的腰带，蒂莫西的父亲说：“这是你经常听到的那种事情，那些关于人们的疯狂故事，但你从来没有想过它会发生在你自己身上。”）结合全文可知，文章讲述生病的小男孩的珍贵礼物被偷走，后来又被归还的故事，所以D项“ThievesReturnWrestlingBelttotheSickBoy（小偷把摔跤腰带还给生病的男孩）”作为标题最合适。故选D项。

C

Everysooften,aChinesefashionsymbolunknowinglyturnedthefashionlandscapeupsidedown.Thistime,weunearththeimperialtombofChina’sEmpressDowagerCixi(慈禧)(1835-1908)andfindhergreatpassionforluxuriousnails.

AncientChinesenoblesstartedgrowinglongnailsduringtheWarringStatesPeriodtoshowthattheyweren’tmanuallaborers(体力劳动者),butitwasn’tuntiltheMingDynastythatlongnailsandnailguardsbecameanimportantsymbolofmaterialprosperity.AndthetrendreacheditspeakintheQingDynasty,withCixiasitsposterwoman.Cixinurturedanaillengthofroughly20cmonherringandpinkyfingers(小拇指)andtookcareofthemingem-laden(镶满宝石),colorfulnailguards.Duringtheday,Cixiusuallyworenailguardsmadeofgoldorsilver.Accordingtothememoirsofhermaid,beforebed,shewouldswitchthemintonailpocketsmadeofbrightyellowsatin(缎子),probablyinamotherlymannersimilartocoveringhernailbabiesintotheirsleepingbags.

TheoriginsofnailguardsbeganintheHanDynastymorethan1000yearspriortotheirmainstreamglory.Atthattime,theyweren’tparticularlydecorative.Itwasn’tuntiltheQingDynastythattheybecameasexpensiveanddelicateaspeopletodayknowthemtohavebeen.Commondesignpatternsincludedplants,flowers,andcalligraphyart.Cixi,ontheotherhand,haduniquerightstodragonandphoenix(凤凰)carvingsonhernailguards.Needlesstosay,shedidn’tskimponexercisingtheserights.

Longnailsmaynolongerbefrontandcenteronthefashionstagetoday.YettheperioddramaserieslikeEmpressesinthePalace《甄嬛传》(2023),Ruyi’RoyalLoveinthePalace(2023),andStoryofYanxiPalace(2023)broughtinthepopularityoftheMorandicolorpalette(莫兰迪调色盘)inChina’snailartcircle.InspiredbyItalianpainterGiorgioMorandi,themanicure(美甲)industrytodayalsoadoptsamoresoftenedcolorschemethatgivesoffafeelingofbalanceandelegance.

8.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus

A.Thehistoryoflongnailsandnailguards.

B.ThelegendofChina’sEmpressDowagerCixi.

C.Longnailsplaysanimportantroleinperioddramaseries.

D.Womeninancienttimesshouldwearlongnailsandnailguards.

9.Whichofthefollowingiswrong

A.Cixitookoffnailguardswhenshewenttobed.

B.NailguardscanshowthestatusontheroyalladderintheHanDynasty.

C.MingandQingDynastieshadlowerdegreeofacceptanceoflongnails.

D.Cixihaduniquerightstodragonandphoenixcarvingsonhernailguards.

10.Whatdounderlinedwords“skimpon”meaninthethirdparagraph

A.subscribetoB.attempttoC.bemeanwithD.approveof

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph

A.Fashionnailartwilldisappearonthefashionstage.

B.Theperioddramaseriesareverypopulartodaybecauseofthelongnails.

C.ItalianpainterGiorgioMorandimakesperioddramapopular.

D.Thereisstillamarketfornailartonthefashionstage.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章通过介绍慈禧对于指甲的热情，说明了中国古代长指甲和护甲的历史，并描述了现代美甲艺术的发展。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“AncientChinesenoblesstartedgrowinglongnailsduringtheWarringStatesPeriodtoshowthattheyweren’tmanuallaborers(体力劳动者),butitwasn’tuntiltheMingDynastythatlongnailsandnailguardsbecameanimportantsymbolofmaterialprosperity.AndthetrendreacheditspeakintheQingDynasty,withCixiasitsposterwoman.(中国古代贵族在战国时期开始长指甲，以显示他们不是体力劳动者，但直到明代，长指甲和护甲才成为物质富裕的重要象征。这一趋势在清代达到了顶峰，慈禧是这一趋势的代言人。)”及第三段“TheoriginsofnailguardsbeganintheHanDynastymorethan1000yearspriortotheirmainstreamglory.Atthattime,theyweren’tparticularlydecorative.Itwasn’tuntiltheQingDynastythattheybecameasexpensiveanddelicateaspeopletodayknowthemtohavebeen.(指甲护具的起源始于汉代，比它们的主流荣耀早了1000多年。在那个时候，它们并不是特别具有装饰性。直到清朝，它们才变得像今天人们所知的那样昂贵和精致。)”可知，本文讲述了长指甲和护甲的历史。故选A项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AncientChinesenoblesstartedgrowinglongnailsduringtheWarringStatesPeriodtoshowthattheyweren’tmanuallaborers(体力劳动者),butitwasn’tuntiltheMingDynastythatlongnailsandnailguardsbecameanimportantsymbolofmaterialprosperity.AndthetrendreacheditspeakintheQingDynasty,withCixiasitsposterwoman.(中国古代贵族在战国时期开始长指甲，以显示他们不是体力劳动者，但直到明代，长指甲和护甲才成为物质富裕的重要象征。这一趋势在清代达到了顶峰，慈禧是这一趋势的代言人。)”可知，“在汉代，护甲可以显示出贵族的地位”是错误的。故选B项。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Cixi,ontheotherhand,haduniquerightstodragonandphoenix(凤凰)carvingsonhernailguards.(慈禧，另一方面，有独特的权利在她的指甲上雕刻龙凤。)”及划线句“Needlesstosay,shedidn’tskimponexercisingtheserights.(不用说，她不skimpon行使这些权利。)”可以推测，慈禧经常在护甲上雕刻龙凤以显示其尊贵的地位，因此，skimpon与bemeanwith同义，表示“在……方面吝啬”。故选C项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Longnailsmaynolongerbefrontandcenteronthefashionstagetoday.YettheperioddramaserieslikeEmpressesinthePalace《甄嬛传》(2023),Ruyi’RoyalLoveinthePalace(2023),andStoryofYanxiPalace(2023)broughtinthepopularityoftheMorandicolorpalette(莫兰迪调色盘)inChina’snailartcircle.InspiredbyItalianpainterGiorgioMorandi,themanicure(美甲)industrytodayalsoadoptsamoresoftenedcolorschemethatgivesoffafeelingofbalanceandelegance.(如今，长指甲可能不再是时尚舞台上的焦点。然而，像《甄嬛传》（2023）、《如意》（2023）和《延禧宫物语》（2023）这样的古装剧，让莫兰迪色调在中国美甲艺术界流行起来。受意大利画家乔治·莫兰迪的启发，如今的美甲行业也采用了更柔和的配色方案，给人一种平衡和优雅的感觉。)”可以推测，美甲艺术在时尚界仍有市场。故选D项。

D

Whenfacedwithaproblem,peopletendtoselectsolutionsthatinvolveaddingnewelementsratherthantakingexistingcomponentsaway.

Adams,asocialpsychologistattheuniversityofVirginiaandhercolleagueswantedtofigureoutwhythiswasthecase.Theywantedtoinvestigatewhether,andtowhatdegree,peopleactuallyoverlooksubtraction(减法)whentheyaretaskedwithchangingthings.

Theresearcherslookedthroughaprofileofideasforimprovementsubmittedtoauniversitypresident,andfoundthatonly11percentof651proposalsinvolvedremovinganexistingruleorprogram.Similarresultsappearedacrosstasksaboutadjustingessaysandplans.Thevastmajorityofpeoplechosetoaddratherthanremove.

Theteamdugdeeperbyconductingeightexperimentswithmorethan1,500participants.Inoneexperiment,peoplewereaskedtostabilize(固定)theroofofaLegostructureheldupbyasingleblockthatrestedontopofacube-shapedbase.Therewardforcompletingthetaskwas$1,andparticipantscouldaddnewblocksfor10centsapieceorgetridofblocksforfree.Onegroupwasreminded,“Eachpiecethatyouaddcoststencentsbutremovingpiecesisfree,”whileanothergroupwasjusttold,“Eachpiecethatyouaddcoststencents.”Almosttwothirdsofpeoplewhohadbeenremindedchosetogetridofthesingleblockratherthanaddingnewones,comparedwith41percentofthosewhohadnotbeenreminded.

ThesefindingswerepublishedinNature,suggestingthat“additivesolutionstendtocometomindquicklyandeasily.Subtractivesolutionsarenotnecessarilyhardertoconsider,buttheytakemoreefforttofind.Whilethetendencyforbusinessesandorganizationstochooseforcomplexityratherthansimplificationwaspreviouslyknown,thenovelty(新颖)ofthispaperisthatitshowsthatpeopletendtowardaddingnewfeaturesevenwhensubtractingwouldclearlybebetter.

Theteamhopesthatthesefindingswillencouragemorepeopletothinkaboutsubtractiveoptionsthatmightoftenbeoverlooked.

12.Whatcanweknowabouttheresearchers’findingsintheirresearches

A.Peopleaddedelementstodealwithproblemsinanycase.

B.Peopletendedtoaddelementstosolveproblems.

C.Peoplepreferredsubtractionoptionstoadditiveoptions.

D.Peoplerefusedtoremoveelementstoavoidcosts.

13.WhatisspecialabouttheexperimentmentionedinPara4

A.Theexperimentwascarriedoutinthemostadvancedway.

B.Theparticipantschosetoaddpieceswhatevercosts.

C.Itwashardtochoosebetweenaddingandremoving.

D.Theparticipantsgotridofpieceswhenitwasclearlytotheiradvantage.

14.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearchteam

A.Toencouragemorepeopletodofurtherresearch.

B.Togetmoreparticipantsinvolvedintheirnextresearch.

C.Toinspiremorepeopletoconsidersubtractionchoices.

D.Togetahandsomerewardfrombusinessesandorganizations.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A.AddingNewFeaturesIsMoreEffective

B.RemovingFeaturesIsMoreDifficult

C.SubtractionOutweighsAddition

D.OurBrainTypicallyOverlooksSubtraction

【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人们在解决问题时更倾向于使用加法添加元素而非减法删除，研究者希望人们能更多地考虑减法选择。

12题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whenfacedwithaproblem,peopletendtoselectsolutionsthatinvolveaddingnewelementsratherthantakingexistingcomponentsaway.”（当面临一个问题时，人们倾向于选择包含添加新元素的解决方案，而不是删除现有的组件。）及第三段“Thevastmajorityofpeoplechosetoaddratherthanremove.”（绝大多数人选择添加而不是删除。）可知，研究表明，人们倾向于添加元素来解决问题。故选B项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Almosttwothirdsofpeoplewhohadbeenremindedchosetogetridofthesingleblockratherthanaddingnewones,comparedwith41percentofthosewhohadnotbeenreminded.”（几乎三分之二被提醒过的人选择去掉单个方块，而不是添加新的方块，相比之下，没有被提醒过的人有41%的选择去掉方块。）并结合实验内容可知，在没有提醒去掉方块是免费的情况下，有59%的人添加方块，对照被提醒的三分之一的人添加方块可知，人们更倾向于添加方块，但当明显对他们有利时，参与者就会去掉方块。故选D项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theteamhopesthatthesefindingswillencouragemorepeopletothinkaboutsubtractiveoptionsthatmightoftenbeoverlooked.”（研究小组希望这些发现能鼓励更多的人考虑那些经常被忽视的减法选项。）可推知，研究小组的目的是激励更多的人考虑减法选择。故选C项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whenfacedwithaproblem,peopletendtoselectsolutionsthatinvolveaddingnewelementsratherthantakingexistingcomponentsaway.”（当面临一个问题时，人们倾向于选择包含添加新元素的解决方案，而不是删除现有的组件。）及最后一段“Theteamhopesthatthesefindingswillencouragemorepeopletothinkaboutsubtractiveoptionsthatmightoftenbeoverlooked.”（研究小组希望这些发现能鼓励更多的人考虑那些经常被忽视的减法选项。）和全文内容可知，本文描述了人们在解决问题更倾向于使用加法添加元素而非减法删除这一现象，因此，“OurBrainTypicallyOverlooksSubtraction”（我们的大脑通常会忽略减法）适合作为本文最佳标题。故选D项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Thehotsummermonthscomewithunbearableheat.Wealwayswanttoturnontheairconditionertocooldown.___16___.Buttherearesimplewaystocooldownyourhomewithoutusingtheairconditioner.Meanwhile,youcansavemoneyonyourelectricbill.

Blockouttheheatofthesunwithyourcurtains

Whilethismayseemtobealmosttoosimpleandtoostraightforwardamethodtokeepyourhomeniceandcool,itreallydoeswork.____17____.Therefore,blockingyourwindowswithheavyshadesorcurtainswillnotonlyhelpyoucutyourindoortemperaturedownbutitwillalsohelpyousaveupwardsof7%onyourenergybillsaswell.

____18____

Makesurethatyourdoorsareasair-tightaspossiblesothatyoucanpreventcoolairfromescapingandhotairfromenteringyourhomeatthesametime.Also,makesuretokeepthedoorsthatfacedirectionstothesouthandwestclosedduringthedaysoyoucanpreventthehottesttemperaturesfromthesunpassingthroughtotherestofyourhouse.

Keepyourbodycool

____19____.Drinkicecoldwater,keepcoldpackspressedtoyourneckoryourwrists,anddoanythingelseyoucandotokeepyourcorebodytemperaturedown.Thatway,youwon’tfeelaswornoutbytheextremeheatduringthesummermonths.

Consideradifferenttypeofairconditioner

Whenallelsefails,atopratedwindowairconditionerunitcanbetheperfectbudgetsolution.Theseinexpensiveairconditionersworkamazinglywelltocooldownoneroomofyourhome.____20____.

A.Thatmeanshighenergybills

B.Drawthehotairoutofyourhome

C.Keepabettercontrolofyourentrance

D.Nearly30%ofallunwantedheatcomesthroughyourwindows

E.Youcantakeadvantageoftheselowerdegreestocooldownyourhouse

F.Coolingyourselffromtheinsidecanaffecthowyoufeelontheoutside

G.Youcanexpecttopayonlyabout$20permonthtousethem8hoursperday

【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.F20.G

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。炎热的夏季开空调电费很高，文章提供了几个使房间凉快的省钱的方法。

【16题详解】

根据空前“Wealwayswanttoturnontheairconditionertocooldown.(我们总是打开空调来降温，)”可知，我们打开空调降温，这会很费电，A项“Thatmeanshighenergybills(这意味着高昂的能源账单。)”符合语境，是对上文的结果说明。故选A项。

【17题详解】

根据上文“Whilethismayseemtobealmosttoosimpleandtoostraightforwardamethodtokeepyourhomeniceandcool,itreallydoeswork.(虽然这似乎是一个让你的家保持凉爽的方法太简单太直接了，但它真的很有效。)”可知，用窗帘遮挡阳光是有效果的。而D项“Nearly30%ofallunwantedheatcomesthroughyourwindows(近30%的多余热量都是从窗户进来的。)”给出一个论据支持这个做法，由此再引出下文的结果。故选D项。

【18题详解】

此处是本段小标题，根据空后“Makesurethatyourdoorsareasair-tightaspossiblesothatyoucanpreventcoolairfromescapingandhotairfromenteringyourhomeatthesametime.(确保你的门尽可能密封，这样你就可以防止冷空气和热空气同时进入你的家。)”可知，本段主要是在介绍方法之一，即控制门的密封性，空处为本段的主题句，所以C项“Keepabettercontrolofyourentrance(更好地控制你的入口)”符合题意。C项中的entrance即下文的doors。故选C项。

【19题详解】

根据本段小标题Keepyourbodycool(保持身体凉爽)可知，此处与人的自身有关。根据下文“Drinkicecoldwater,keepcoldpackspressedtoyourneckoryourwrists,anddoanythingelseyoucandotokeepyourcorebodytemperaturedow