初中英语完形填空课件

完形填空攻坚战几项原则平心静气不急不躁

对完形填空心存恐惧，是导致失误的根本原因，有些考生满脑子的畏难思想，殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外，根本无法进入思维，还谈何理解文章的内容呢？所以，集中思想、树立信心、平心静气、去除杂念才是做好完型填空题的保证。浏览全文把握大意

浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息，并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向，把握文脉，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而做出最终的判断。识别短语注意搭配

一类短语是由动词＋介词，或动词＋副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动，如break

the

ice，look

forward

to，keep

an

eye

on，catch

one's

eye等；还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如with

regard

to，

at

the

age

of等。如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完型填空时就能得心应手，减少失误，提高完型填空的命中率。运用语法理顺关系

语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。完型填空题实际上是“形断意不断，貌离神不离”，正如藕断而丝连，语法规则起到“牵动荷花带出藕”的功效。如介词后的代词必然是宾格；物质名词一般不用复数；形容词必须放在不定代词后；行为动词的否定和疑问句应由助动词do构成；情态动词只能与不带to的动词连用等。遇到难词反复默念

有时会遇到这样的情况，大部分词都填出来了，只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领，如果考试时间允许，不要轻易放弃，要穷追不舍，先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺，读上去很完整，就必须考虑，很可能缺的就是连词and，副词then、always、sometimes等，如果还未填出，应反复默念几遍，有些词就会悄然而至，在你的记忆中浮现出来。细心检查避免疏漏

完成填空后最关键的一点是要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。注意是不是缺了“ing”或少了“s”，或是忘了加“ed”，这是很可惜的，因为从意思上理解了、看懂了题目，但因粗心而大意失荆州。考察范围1．词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法;

2．固定搭配与习惯表达；

3．阅读理解能力和逻辑推理、判断能力。解题思路1．跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。

先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，即了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果

；通读全文时，尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步搞清文章的大概意思即可。不要纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断章取义，进入误区。（时间：3分钟）2．结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。

在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3．瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。

动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。4．复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。

完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。设空规律1．从文章结构看

（1）首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。

（2）短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空。2．从语言层次看

考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高。我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次。

（1）句子层次的设空

指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。

（2）句群层次的设空

指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。前制性设空It

was

an

English

speech

contest.

My

mother

asked

me

to

take

part

in

it.

What

a

terrible

idea!

It

meant

I

had

to

____

in

front

of

all

the

teachers

and

students

of

my

school!

A.

write

B.

speak

C.

sing

D.

dance

后制性设空

1).

Nobody

____

him

in

the

village.

One

day

he

said

to

them,

“I

know

you

don’t

like

me

…”

A.

believed

B.

liked

C.

hated

D.

knew

2).

Country

music

comes

from

____

kinds

of

music.

One

is

the

traditional

music

of

tall

mountain

people

in

the

eastern

United

States.

The

other

is

traditional

cowboy

music

from

the

American

West.

A.

many

B.

all

C.

two

D.

three3.

语篇性设空

I

work

as

a

volunteer

for

an

organization

that

helps

the

poor

in

Haiti.

Recently

I

took

my

son

Barrett

there

for

a

week,

hoping

to

1

him

…

achieved

all

I’d

expected.

Soon

he

will

celebrate

his

18th

birthday.

He

will

be

a

man.

(最后一句话)

A.

comfort

B.

please

C.

attract

D.

educateAttentionPlease1．完形填空的短文通常没有标题，且文章的首句和尾句一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。2．第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止3．做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4．每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。

5．动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。

例题通过上下文暗示进行判断例

1.

---

She

had

got

a(n)

(

36

)

and

needed

a

blood

transfusion(输血）from

her

five-year-old

brother,

who

had

had

the

same

disease

but

(

)

stayed

alive.

A.

accident

B.

problem

C.

diseaseC例

2.

---

No

matter

when

my

friends

saw

him

pass

by,

they

would

(38),

“Hey,

deaf(聋子)

and

dumb(哑巴)”,

---There

were

no

friends

around

to

shout

the

usual

words

of

“greeting”.

A.

sing

B.

run

C.

shoutC例

3.

In

New

York,

on

a

Friday

night,

a

young

artist

stood

at

the

gate

of

a

train

station.

He

was

playing

his

_16_.

His

music

was

so

great

that

many

people

put

money

into

his

hat.

The

next

day

,the

young

artist

came

to

the

same

place,

and

played

the

violin

as

usual.

A.

piano

B.

guitar

C.

violin

D.

sax

C通过逻辑推理进行判断

由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。

例

1.

For

a

long

time

she

stood

in

the

basket

silently.

and

only

kept

her

eyes

(45)

to

look

at

all

the

wonderful

sights

below.

A.

closed

B.

open

C.

clean

例

2.

“Hey,

deaf

and

dumb

,

what’s

the

time?”

They

told

me

that

he

could

neither

hear

nor

(39).

A.

speak

B.

see

C.

answerBA例

3.

“Will

I

start

to

(45)

right

away?”

Being

young,

the

boy

had

misunderstood

the

doctor,

he

thought

he

was

going

to

have

to

give

her

all

his

blood.

A.

relax

B.

sleep

C.

die

例

4.When

we

talked,

I

discovered（发现）

some

differences

in

school

life

between

the

US

and

China.

For

example,

each

class

lasts

fifty

minutes

in

the

US.

It

is

a

little

__44__

than

that

in

China.

We

usually

have

forty-five

minutes

in

each

class.

A.

shorter

B.

longer

C.

earlier

D.

laterCB例

4.My

mother

often

asked

me，“What

is

the

most

important

part

of

the

body?”

I

thought

sound

was

very

important

to

us

as

humans，so

I

said．“My

17

，Mommy．”

She

said，“No．Many

people

are

deaf（聋的）…

A.

ears

B.

eyes

C.

body

D.

headA通过词义辨析进行判断

此类试题的命题，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。

“Jessie’s

dad

took

her

to

ride

in

a

red,

blue

and

yellow

hot

air

balloon.

It

rose

from

ground

and

moved

slowly

the

sky.

Jessie

(

)

forests

and

many

beautiful

lakes

and

rivers.

A.

saw

B.

noticed

C.

watchedA根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断

例

1.

He

thought

for

only

a

moment

before

taking

a

(

41

)

breath

and

saying,

“Yes,

I’ll

do

it

if

it

will

(

)

Lisa.”

A.

deep

B.

loud

C.

final

例

2.When

two

people

are

in

a

conversation,

the

speaker

will

only

look

at

the

listener

from

time

to

time,

in

order

to

make

sure

that

the

listener

does

pay

attention

48

what

he

or

she

is

speaking…

A.

for

B.

of

C.

with

D.

toAD例

3.In

the

morning,

the

king

went

to

visit

the

pond.

To

his

surprise,

the

pond

was

only

filled

with

water!

What

happened?

Yes!

Everyone

had

the

same

idea

48

that

man.

A.

with

B.

to

C.

as

D.

ofC根据语法分析进行判断

As

a

reporter,

I

think

I

will

meet

lots

of

people

and

I

should

be

friendly

to

them.

I

think

I'll

also

make

many

good

25

and

live

with

them,

because

I

don't

like

living

alone.

A.

friend

B.

friends

C.

friends’

D.

friends’B根据背景知识进行判断

All

over

the

world

people

swim

for

fun.

Swimming

is

enjoyed

by

people

of

32

ages,

from

the

very

young

to

the

very

old.

There

are

many

places

for

people

to

swim

in

swimming

pools.

A.

all

B.

none

C.

some

D.

bothA根据生活常识进行判断

在日常生活中，饿了就要吃东西，渴了就要喝东西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，热了脱衣服等是约定俗成的事。

1:

The

old

man

looked

at

me.

Then

he

looked

at

his

(

)

and

replied,

“It’s

5:30”.

A.

umbrella

B.

home

C.

watch

2:

“When

fish

are

hungry,

they

will

bite(咬)

(

)

anything.”

A.

never

B.

hardly

C.

almost

CC练兵选项（抄到白板上）

85.

A.

friendly

B.

lonely

C.

changeable

D.

comfortable

86.

A.

hang

them

up

B.

leave

them

alone

C.

put

them

on

D.

throw

them

away87.

A.

interesting

B.

difficult

C.

important

D.

surprising

88.

A.

agree

B.

complain

C.

listen

D.

win

89.

A.

concerts

B.

meetings

C.

classes

D.

parties

90.

A.

In

addition

B.

In

return

C.

At

most

D.

At

last

91.

A.

do

the

cooking

B.

lay

the

table

C.

buy

some

snacks

D.

wash

the

dishesSometimes

you

may

not

understand

your

parents.

One

minute

they’re

friendly,

the

next

minute

they’re

shouting

and

screaming

loudlyenough

for

the

whole

street

to

hear.

So

who

makes

them

so

85

?

You,

probably!

When

you

take

your

clothes

off,

remember

to

86

.

Get

into

the

habit

of

taking

glasses

and

plates

down

to

the

kitchen.

Before

long

you’ll

be

doing

it

without

thinking.

Even

though

you

may

not

realize

it,

your

parents

have

bought

you

many

clothes.

But

they’re

not

buying

themselves

new

things

every

week,

are

they?The

simple

truth

is

that

there

are

more

87

things

to

spend

money

on,

like

the

electricity

bill

and

food.You

may

hate

missing

a

party

to

visit

some

boring

old

relatives.

They

may

go

on

and

on

about

what

a

sweet

baby

you

were.

You

have

no

choice

but

to

listen.

Even

if

you

88

,

your

parents

won’t

change

their

minds.

Parents

like

to

show

off

their

family.

The

best

thing

you

can

do

is

to

help

entertain

your

relatives.

Your

parents

will

be

so

pleased

with

you

afterwards

that

they’ll

probably

allow

you

to

go

to

the

next

two

89

.You

might

not

want

to

eat,

but

think

of

it

from

the

parents’

point

of

view.

If

you

cook

two

meals

a

day,

it

means

730

meals

a

year.

Can

you

imagine

how

boring

this

can

get?

Imagine

how

your

parents

feel

when

you

say

you’re

not

really

hungry.

90

,

your

parents

are

probably

worried

that

you

aren’t

eating

enough.

Eat

fewer

snacks

and

leave

room

for

your

meals.

Finally,

offer

to

91

after

the

meal.

Your

offer

may

not

be

accepted,

but

your

parents

will

be

pleased.

解析：85.（前制性设空）文章第一段提出，父母的态度往往会令你感到诧异，他们有时是那么友好，忽然间又会生气地大声嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他们的态度是那么地易变changeable。所以，本题答案为C。86.（句子层次的设空）青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯。例如，在家脱衣后应该及时挂 上。B项leavethemalone表示“让它们独自留下”；C项putthemup表示“把他们穿上”；D项throwthemaway表示“把它们扔掉”，以上答案显然均不符合文章意思，而A项hangthemup正是“把衣服挂上”的意思，所以答案为A。87.（后制性设空）家长会给孩子买许多衣服，但他们不会经常为自己购物，那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计，他们往往把钱花在更重要的事情上，所以答案为C。88.（前制性设空）你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚，他们会一遍又一遍地唠叨你 小时候的乖巧可爱，而你只能洗耳恭听（Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbaby youwere.Youhavenochoicebuttolisten.）显然，你会对此而抱怨，但家长们仍不以为然（…yourparentswon’tchangetheirminds.），所以本题答案为B。解析：89.（前制性设空）如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。90.（语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体（Imaginehowyourparentsfeel whenyousayyou’renotreallyhungry.…,yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyou aren’teatingenough.）。根据文章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答 案为A。91.（前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间（Eatfewersnacksandleaveroomforyourmeals.）。饭后也要提出帮助父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们可以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项dothecooking表示“煮饭”，B项laythetable表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buysomesnacks与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。CACBDAD选项（抄在白板上）35.

A.

choices

B.

pairs

C.

leaders

D.

fans

36.

A.

course

B.

work

C.

trip

D.

show

37.

A.

direction

B.

discussion

C.

competition

D.

conversation

38.

A.

special

B.

hard

C.

fair

D.

funny

39.

A.

places

B.

rules

C.

names

D.

orders

40.

A.

tied

B.

clapped

C.

cried

D.

returned

41.

A.

Still

B.

Never

C.

Then

D.

Again

42.

A.

us

B.

it

C.

me

D.

her

43.

A.

wait

B.

turn

C.

move

D.

win44.

A.

accepted

B.

realized

C.

considered

D.

decided

45.

A.

coming

B.

refusing

C.

helping

D.

cheating

46.

A.

mean

B.

plan

C.

regret

D.

say

Several

weeks

ago,

our

headmaster,

Mr.

Gaudi,

told

us

that

our

school

had

been

chosen

to

compete

on

Smart

Aleck—a

game

show

which

my

best

friend

Carla

and

I

both

love.

Carla

has

a

good

imagination,

and

I

know

a

lot

of

history,

so

we

thought

we’d

be

good

__35__

for

the

team.

A

few

days

later,

Mr.

Gaudi

held

a

meeting

with

everyone

interested

in

the__36__

.

He

told

us

that

Smart

Aleck

uses

a

five

member

team.

He

also

said

that

three

more

people

would

be

needed

as

backup（替补）.

Unluckily

four

times

that

many

students

were

at

the

meeting.

So

Mr.

Gaudi

said

we

would

have

a

__37__

and

the

top

eight

scorers

would

become

the

team

and

the

backup.

Everybody

agreed

that

this

was

a

__38__

way

to

decide.Yesterday,

all

of

the

hopefuls

went

to

the

dining

hall

after

school.

We

would

have

to

decide

the

starting

line-up（阵容）.Mr.

Gaudi

acted

as

the

host.

After

a

couple

of

hours,

all

the

__39__

on

the

team

were

set

except

one.

Carla

and

I

__40__

for

that

last

position.

We

had

to

hold

a

one-on-one

competition

between

the

two

of

us.

The

winner

would

be

on

the

team

and

the

loser

would

be

the

backup.Midway

through

our

two-person

competition,I

was

starting

to

pull

ahead.__41__

I

saw

the

look

on

Carla's

face.

I

waited

for

a

second

and

knew

what

I

had

to

do.

As

much

as

I

wanted

to

be

on

Smart

Aleck,Carla

wanted

__42__

even

more.

So,

starting

with

my

next

question,

I

held

back

and

let

Carla

__43__,just

by

a

little

bit.

Her

expression

as

she

__44__

she

would

be

on

the

show

made

up

for

my

not

being

on

the

team.

And

since

I

will

go

as

backup,

I'll

still

have

the

fun

of

seeing

the

show

up

close.Was

I

__45__

by

not

trying

as

hard

as

I

could?

I

don't

think

so.

No

one

noticed,

and

Carla

and

I

didn't

__46__

it.

It

won't

hurt

the

team

because

Carla

will

be

a

very

good

competitor

on

the

real

show.

I

think

that

making

my

best

friend

happy

was

the

right

thing

to

do.ADCC

AACBDBDB六、家庭作业Cartoonfilmshaveveryfewlimits(限制).Ifyoucandrawsomething,youcanmakeit1onthecinemascreen.Theuseofnewideasandmoderncomputerprogramsmeansthatcartoonsarebecomingexcitingagainforpeopleof2ages.By1970,thecinemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren.Butsoonafterthat,oneortwofilmmakershadsomenewideas.Theyprovedthatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothgrown-upsandchildrencouldenjoythem.六、家庭作业However,5cartoonfilmwassuccessful.TheBlackCauldron,forexample,failed,mainlybecauseitwastoo

6forchildrenandtoochildishforgrown-ups.Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake,andthencartoonswerewelcomedbybothchildrenandgrown-upsand7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsofmoney.()1.A.arrive B.stay C.stand D.move()2.A.some B.either C.all D.both()3.A.never B.only C.still D.already()4.A.possible B.difficult C.complete D.interesting()5.A.notevery B.noneofthe C.each D.neitherofthe()6.A.interesting B.popularC.relaxingD.frightening()7.A.once B.however C.again D.also高频知识点1.With

the

help

of

在～～帮助下

under

the

leadership

/

care

of

在～～领导／关心下

2.be

strict

with

sb.

对～人要求严格

be

strict

in

sth.

对～事要求严格

3.

at

present=at

the

present

time

目前

for

the

present

暂时

4.

in

the

sun/sunshine

在阳光下

under

the

sun

在世界上

5.

lie

in

位于～～之内

lie

on

同～～接壤

lie

to

位于～～之外

里（内角）6.

at

least

至少

in

the

least

丝毫，一点

7.

by

name

名叫

in

the

name

of

以～～名义

8.

in

the

air

空中，在流传

on

the

air

播出

9.

in

the

way

挡路，障碍，用～～方法

in

a

way

在某点上，在某种程度上get

one’s

own

way

to

do

随心所欲

give

way

让步，屈服

lose

one’s

way

迷路

by

the

way

顺便说一下

on

one’s

way

to

在去～～的路上

Come

this

way

这边走

10.

at

the

corner

在拐角处（外角）in

the

corner

在角落on

the

corner

在角落上（外角上）

11.

judge

by

/

from

根据～～来判断

judge

for

oneself

由某人自己来判断

12.

at

the

end

(of)

在～～结束时

at

the

beginning

of

在～～开始时

at

the

back

of

在～～背后，支持

at

the

age

of

～～岁时

at

the

foot

of

在～～脚下

at

the

bottom

of

在～～底部

at

the

top

of

在～～顶上

at/on

the

edge

of

在～～边上

13.

in

the

course

of

在～～过程中

in

the

eyes

of

从～～观点看来，在～～眼里

in

the

face

of

面对～，尽管，纵使

in

the

middle

of

在～中间

in

the

end

=at

last=finally

最后

14.

on

the

eve

of

在～～前夕

on

the

side

of

在～～一边

15.

after

a

time

=

after

some

time

过一段时间后

for

a

time

=

for

some

time

一时，有一段时间

16.

behind

time

迟到，过期

behind

the

times

落在时代后面

17.

at

no

time

决不

in

no

time

立即，马上

18.

at

one

time

=

once

time

曾经

at

a

time

=

each

time

每次

at

times

=

sometimes

有时

at

all

times

经常，一直，始终

at

the

same

time

同时

at

the

time

在～～的时候

by

the

time

到～～的时候

19.

for

a

moment

一会儿

for

the

moment

暂时

at

the

moment

当时

the

moment

/minute

/instance

正当～～一刹那

20.

once

or

twice

一两次

more

than

once

不止一次

in

a

while

偶尔once

more

重新，又

once

upon

a

time

从前

以break为中心的词组

break

away

from

脱离，逃离

break

down

破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚

break

in

闯进，打断；使顺服

break

into

闯入；强行进入；突然开始

break

out

爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚

break

the

law

违反法律

break

the

record

破记录

break

one’s

promise

失言break

up

开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解

以catch为中心的词组

be

caught

doing

被发现做某事

be

caught

in

the

rain

淋雨

catch

a

bus/train

赶汽车/火车

catch

a

cold

伤风，感冒

catch

one’s

word

听懂某人的话

catch

sight

of

发现，瞥见

catch

up

with

赶上，追及，追上

以come为中心的词组

come

across

偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付

come

along

一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现

come

at

达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击

come

back

回来；恢复，复原

come

down

倒下；降落；跌落；病倒

come

from

来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于

come

in

进来，进入；流行起来；获名次

come

into

being

发生，产生，出现，形成

come

into

power

开始执政，当权，当选

come

into

use

开始使用，获得应用

come

on

上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出

come

to

know

开始了解到

come

out

出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露

come

to

苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于

come

to

an

end

终止，结束

come

true

实现，成为现实；证实

come

up

走近；上楼；长出，发芽以do为中心的词组

be

done

in

精疲力竭

be

done

with

完全结束

do

a

good

deed

做一件好事

do

away

with

去掉，废除；弄死；浪费

do

good

to

(=do

sb.

good)

有益于

do

harm

to

(=do

sb.

good)

有害于

do

its

work

有效，有作用

do

much

极有用

do

wrong

to

做错

do

one’s

best

尽某人最大努力

do

one’s

homework

做作业

do

one’s

utmost

尽力而为

do

proud

足以使~~骄傲

do

sb.

justice

公平对待某人

do

some

cleaning

(V+ing,etc.)

搞卫生

do

sb.

a

favor

帮助某人

do

well

in

学得不错，干得漂亮

do

with

和~~相处，忍受，处理

do

without

不需要，不用

do

wonders

创造奇迹

have

much

to

do

with

和~~很有关系

have

nothing

to

do

with

与~~无关

have

something

to

do

with

和~~有关in

doing

so=in

so

doing

这时，在这种情况下

That

will

do.

行了；够了

5.

以get为中心的词组

get

about

徘徊，走动，旅行；流传

get

above

oneself

自视高傲

get

accustomed

to

习惯于，对~~习以为常

get

across

度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解

get

ahead

of

胜过，超过

get

along

前进，进步；同意；离去

get

along

with

与~~相处

get

at

发现，了解；掌握；攻击

have

got

to

do

不得不，必须

get

away

离开，逃脱

get

back

取回，回来；报复

get

behind

落后；识破

get

down

咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁

get

down

to

认真对待，静下心来

get

familiar

with

熟悉

get

hold

of

获得，取得

get

home

到家

get

in

进入，陷入；牵涉

get

off

送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身

get

on

上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处

get

upon

with

进步；在~~方面获得成功

get

one’s

hand

in

熟悉；习惯

get

out

of

由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休

get

over

越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成

get

ready

for

为~~作准备

get

rid

of

除去，去掉；免除，摆脱

get

through

到达，完成，通过；及格

get

together

积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见

get

up

起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，

get

used

to

习惯于6.

以give为中心的词组

be

given

to

沉溺于，癖好

give

about

分配；传播

give

and

take

相互迁就

give

away

赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发

give

back

归还

give

cause

给予~~的理由

give

earto

侧耳倾听

give

forth

发出，放出；发表

give

in

屈服，让步，投降

give

in

to

同意，接受；向~~让步

give

off

发出（烟，气味）

give

oneself

out

to

be/as

自称为

give

oneself

up

to

专心于；向~~自首

give

out

分发，公布

give

place

to

让位于，被~~所替代

give

rise

to

引起，导致

give

sb.

to

understand

通知某人

give

up

放弃；停止

give

way

to

让步，退却；屈服于

7.

以look为中心的词组

look

about

四下环顾；查看

look

after

照顾，看管

look

around

东张西望

look

at

注视，着眼于

look

back

回顾

look

for

寻找；期待，期望

look

down

on

俯视；轻视

look

forward

to

盼望，期待

look

into

窥视；调查；浏览

look

like

看起来象

look

on

旁观；面向

look

out

向外看；注意；当心，堤防

look

over

从上面看过去；检查

look

through

透过~~看去；看穿；浏览

look

up

to

仰望，尊敬8.

以make为中心的词组

be

made

from

由~~原料制成

be

made

of

由~~材料制成

be

made

up

of

由~~组成

make

a

fool

of

愚弄，欺骗

make

a

mistake

弄错

make

a

point

of

doing

强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持

make

advantages/use

of

使用，利用

make

after

追求，追赶

make

believe

假装

make

certain

确信，把~~弄清楚

make

contact

with

接通，与~~接触，与~~联系

make

for

去向，向~~前进；有利于

make

friends

with

和~~交友

make

into

把~~制成，使~~转变为

make

much

of

重视；理解；赏识

make

one’s

mind

on

sth.

决定某事

make

one’s

own

当作自己的看待

make

oneself

at

home

随便，别拘束

make

out

填写；开支票；理解；辨认

make

the

best

of

尽量利用；极为重视

make

up

弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装

make

up

to

接近，巴结；向~~求爱

make

way

for

为~~让路，让路于

on

the

make

急求成功；增加

9.

以put为中心的词组

put

aside

把~~放在一边；搁置；排除

put

away

把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉

put

back

把~~放回原处；驳回

put

down

放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落

put

forward

提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议

put

~~

into

把~~放入；插入；翻译成

put

off

推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞

put

on

上演；穿上，带上

put

up

with

忍受，容忍

put

one’s

heart

into

全神贯注，专心致志

put

up

举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列10.

以take为中心的词组

be

taken

aback

吃惊

take

a

seat

就坐

take

a

shower

淋浴，洗澡

take

aim

瞄准，设立目标

take

away

拿走，减去；夺去

take

~~

by

surprise

出奇制胜

take

one’s

place

就坐，入坐

take

care

of

当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责

take

office

就职，上任

take

~~

for

把~当作

take

off

脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱

take

one’s

temperature

量体温

take

part

in

参与，参加

take

it

easy

别着急，慢慢来

take

place

=

happen

发生，举行

take

the

place

of

代替

take

pride

in

以~~为荣，对~~骄傲

take

sb.

by

the

arm

拉某人的胳膊

11.

以turn为中心的词组

give

a

new

turn

to

对~~予以新的看法

in

one’s

turn

轮到某人做某事

out

of

turn

不按次序的，不合适宜的

take

one’s

turn

to

do

轮到做

turn

a

blind

eye

to

对~~视而不见

turn

against

背叛，采取敌对态度

turn

back

折回，往回走

turn

down

折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑

turn

into

走进；变成，变为

turn

to

~~for

help

求助于

turn

off

关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产

turn

on

打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于

turn

one’s

attention

to

把注意力转向

turn

out

培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是

turn

out

to

be

原来是，证明是，结果是

turn

over

a

new

leaf

翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新

turn

(a)round

旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策

turn

to

变成；着手于

turn

upside

down

颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱

高频词汇动词1“看”

•

look看的动作/

see看的结果

•

watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察

•

Notice注意

•

catch

sight

of看见

•

stare好奇地看/

glare瞪着看

•

Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见

2“说”

•

telll

sth

to

sb.=tell

sb

sth

告诉的内容

•

talk

with

sb

about

sth强调说话者之间的交流

•

Say

sth

诉说的内容

•

speak

in

English说的语言

•

whisper

sth

to

sb

耳语

•

Inform

sb

of

sth

通知某人某事

•

reason

/talk/persuade

sb

into

doing

sth

说服某人做某事

•

Bargain讨价还价

•

chat聊天

repeat重复

explain解释

warn警告

remind提醒

Discuss

讨论debate辩论

figure

指出declare宣布

claim自称

mention

提起

admit

承认deny

否绝

describe描述

announce

公布

introduce

介绍

complain抱怨3“叫”

•

cry哭叫

call叫

shout大喊

scream尖叫

sigh叹气

quarrel大吵

4“问”

•

ask

询问

interview

采访

express表达

question审问

5“答”

•

answer回答

respond回应(用其他方式回应)

reply回复

6

“听”

•

listen

to听的动作

•

hear听的结果

•

pick

up收听

•

overhear无意7“写”

•

dictate听写

•

write

写

•

describe描写

•

drop

a

line

写信

•

draw画

take

down/write

down写下，记下

8“拿/放”

•

take拿走

bring拿来

hold举着

•

carry扛，挑

(无方向性)

fetch拿来拿去

•

lift举

Put放

lay

铺/放置

pull拉/push推

9“抓”

•

take

hold

of

抓着

seize紧抓

•

grasp

握住

scratch

抠10“打”

•

hit一次性的打击

beat不间断的打击

•

strike突然的击打/突然想到

•

blow吹刮

attack攻击

11“扔”

•

throw扔

drop掉

放弃

错过

•

fall

倒下无意掉下来

•

wave

招手

shake摇

12“送”

•

send寄送

deliver递送

•

give给

offer

主动给予

see

off给某

13“摸/抱”

•

touch摸

/fold折叠

/embrace拥抱

/

hug抱/hold

握

in

one’s

arms14“踢/碰”

kick踢/knock敲/

tip

轻敲

15“行”

•

walk

run

climb

jump

•

skip

单腿跳

slip溜

come/go

enter进

•

move搬迁

drive开车

ride

骑

16“坐”

•

sit

down

be

seated

seat

oneself

take

a

seat/

stand站，耸立

•

lean斜靠

17“睡/休息”

lie

/on

one’s

back/

on

one

side/

on

one’s

stomach

•

stay

in

bed

have

a

rest

take

a

nap打盹

•

be

asleep

turn

over翻身

rest

18“笑”

•

smile

微笑(不出声)

laugh

burst

into

laughter

burst

out

laughing

19“哭”

•

cry

shed

tears

留泪

weep呜咽地哭

sob抽泣

burst

into

tears

/burst

out

crying

20“找/查”

•

find找到

look

for正在找过程

find

out查明

discover/explore

发现/探索

hunt

for

•

search

for

seek

/

seek

for

in

search

of寻找

•

Search

sb

搜身

search

sp.

for

sth

为某物而搜寻某地

Check检查，核实

•

examine

考察发现问题/体检

test检测，检验

inspect视察21“穿”

•

put

on

动作

wear穿戴

have

on试穿

•

be

dressed

in

穿

make-up化装

•

get

changed换衣服

be

in

red

•

Take

off

脱

remove

22“吃/喝”

•

eat/drink

sip吮吸

have

a

meal

toast

taste•

treat

sb

to请某人吃

help

oneself

to

随便吃

23“得”（获得知识和技能）

•

get

obtain

acquire

•

gain

possess

25“有”

•

have

有

own是自己的

occupy占有=possess

26“无”

•

nothing

left

the

remaining

thing

disappear

•

be

missing

/gone

27“增/减”

•

rise

/

go

up

/drop人主动抬价

raise

/bring

down

/reduce

•

increase/decrease

28“买/卖”

buy

purchase

afford

pay

off

pay

for

sell

on

sale

bargain

Bill

/

cheque

/

cash/

credit

card

notes/

coins

discounts

29“存在/消失”

•

come

into

being

exist

appear

survive

turn

up

Disappear

pass

away

be

out

of

sight

30“变化”

•

develop

improve

become

grow

go+

bad

/wrong/

sour

/without(

negative

adj.)

turn

+

colour

change

/change

into

reform

31“认识的过程”

•

feel

sense

guess

suppose

wonder

doubt

know

/learn

realize

Understand

remember

be

familiar

with

recall

recite

32“成功/失败”

•

make

it

succeed

make

progress

come

true

•

realize

one’s

dream

•

win

Lose

fail

to

do

failure

defeat

suffer

loss

beat

•

turn

sth.

Into

reality33“努力”

•

try

/manage

make

efforts

attempt

do

ones

best

do

•

as

much

as

one

can

to

do

34祝贺

•

congratulations

on

sb

celebrate

庆祝

35赞美/批评

•

praise

think

highly

of

/

blame

sb

for

sth/

sb

is

to

blame

criticize

/scold

sb.

for

sth.

have

a

low

opinion

of

sb

•

Speak

ill

of

36喜/恶

•

like

love

be

fond

of

be

keen

on

be

crazy

about

adore

be

into

prefer

enjoy

in

favor

of

•

Dislike

hate

be

awful/disgusting

ignore

turn

off

37判断

•

think

believe

consider

find

feel

conclude

doubt

38到达

•

arrive

at

reach

return

to

get

to

visit

leave

for

•

on

one’s

way

to

upon

one’s

arrival

on

doing

sth

39受伤

•

hurt

injured

wound

cut

kill

drown

bleed

•

get

burnt

suffer

from

suffer

a

loss

40损坏

•

damage

destroy

ruin

break

down

be

broken

crash

41修复

•

repair

rebuild

restore

fix

recover

oneself

42支持/反对

•

agree

disagree

accept

receive

refuse

turn

down

be

against

elect

vote

for/

against43

做饭

•

cook

wash

cut

chop

boil

fry

steam

make

mix

clean

brush

cover

uncover

cooker

44

建议

•

advise

suggest

recommend

urge

propose

demand

persuade

说服

45

花费

•

sth/doing

sth+cost

sb+spend+

in

doing

sth

Sb+afford

+n/to

do

sth

It

+take

some

time/

money/energy

+to

do

sth

sb+

pay+$

for

sth.

•

at

one’s

expense46

省/存钱

•

save

/save

up

set

aside

put

away

•

spare

no

effort/

time

47

参加

•

take

part

in

join

/join

in

attend

compete

in/

for/against

48控告

•

accuse

sb.

of

charge

sb.

With

49

救治

•

help

/help

out

save

/rescue

sb

from

sth.

•

Treat过程

/

cure

结果sb.

Of

sth

•

Aid

sb

in

doing

sth

/

to

do

sth

•

help

sb

with

sth

assist

sb

in

doing

sth

50敬佩

•

admire

respect

show

respect

for/to

adore

•

envy

/be

jealousy

in

honorof51逃避

•

ran

away

escape

from

flee

hide

52

阻止/禁止•

prevent

/

keep/

stop

sb.

from

doing

sth

•

forbid

doing

sth.

Ban

prohibit

53

对付/处理

•

handle

/

do

with

/

deal

with

/tackle

/overcome

s