2023年考研考博考博英语中国矿业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国矿业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas"Yoursorrowswillchange".问题1选项A.literalB.ambiguousC.invalidD.philosophical2.单选题TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.问题1选项A.foundationB.junctureC.institutionD.cessation3.单选题Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?问题1选项A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.问题2选项A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarfB.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyearsC.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightnessD.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears问题3选项A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.问题4选项A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.问题5选项A.AlarmedB.PessimisticC.ComicD.Objective4.单选题Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?问题1选项A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemploymentB.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployersD.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped问题2选项A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofserviceB.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkersC.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromotedD.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers问题3选项A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretimeB.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivityC.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkersD.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations问题4选项A.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofautomationB.LaborandtheeffectsofautomationC.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.D.Socialbenefitsofautomation5.单选题Therewasonlyasmall（

）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.问题1选项A.intimacyB.incrementC.immortalityD.incidence6.单选题Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate7.单选题Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.问题1选项A.heredityB.heirC.heritageD.supplement8.单选题Wedon't（

）anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.问题1选项A.foreseeB.fabricateC.inferD.inhibit9.单选题Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.问题1选项A.formallyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.willfully10.单选题TheBrownslivedina（

）andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.问题1选项A.confessB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched11.单选题The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause12.单选题Afteryou’vestartedtomasterthetechniques,therealstruggleisjustbeginning.It’s（

）thatmakesyougreat.问题1选项A.persistenceB.insistenceC.continuationD.mentality13.单选题Wehavejustlocateda（

）avenueforthesaleofyourgoods.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective14.单选题Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.问题1选项A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous15.单选题Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.问题1选项A.informedB.appeasedC.provokedD.deceived16.单选题EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.（1）theproblemsthatmeeting（2）hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment（3）tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute---hasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand（4）reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas（5）

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits（6）IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe（7）forconflictandamajorbarrierto（8）theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.“It’softenbeensaidthatwater（9）oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime（10）thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople（11）bywatershortageswillincreaseten（12）overthenext30years,itsays,（13）couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga（14）resourceisagriculture,whichnow（15）

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome（16）countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe（17）markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which（18）

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity（19）

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis（20）tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”问题1选项A.ButB.SoC.AndD.For问题2选项A.overcomeB.highlightedC.motivatedD.confronted问题3选项A.thoughtfulB.thoughtC.thinkingD.think问题4选项A.thoseB.whoseC.itsD.their问题5选项A.decreasedB.increasedC.expandedD.dwindled问题6选项A.initialsB.capitalsC.beginningsD.letters问题7选项A.triggerB.effectC.initiationD.consequence问题8选项A.feedB.raiseC.feedingD.raising问题9选项A.insteadofB.inresponsetoC.inplaceofD.ratherthan问题10选项A.whichB.howC.whyD.when问题11选项A.affectingB.affectedC.isaffectedD.isaffecting问题12选项A.doubleB.multipleC.foldD.time问题13选项A.whatB.howC.whichD.that问题14选项A.naturalB.scarceC.plentifulD.dormant问题15选项A.accountsforB.runsforC.speaksforD.countsfor问题16选项A.developedB.developingC.advancedD.industrialized问题17选项A.homeB.exportC.exchangeD.foreign问题18选项A.remarkablyB.formidablyC.inevitablyD.consumedly问题19选项A.thoughB.soC.howeverD.also问题20选项A.assessedB.appraisedC.ratedD.estimated17.单选题TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing（

）.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfortheAleuts’devotiontotheirlanguage?3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threelanguages”mentionedattheendofParagraphTwo?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferredfromthepassage?5.WhichlanguagewasneededwiththeRussianOrthodoxChurch?6.Thepassageshowsthatitissometimesdifficulttoidentifythedifferencesbetween（

）.

7.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby（

）.问题1选项A.Americangovernment’sattemptstopersuadetheAleutstouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.B.theAleut’sloyaltytotheirlanguageandtheAmericans’failuretounderstandit.C.howtheRussianoccupationofAlaskacreatedawrittenlanguagefortheAleuts.D.thetreatmentofAlaskaninhabitantsbyRussianandtheU.S.beforeandafter1867.问题2选项A.Theinventionofawrittenversionoftheirlanguage.B.Thedestructionoftheiroraltransmissionoftribalknowledge.C.TheintroductionofOldSlavonicorworship.D.TheirdevotiontotheRussianOrthodoxChurch.问题3选项A.RussianB.OldSlavonicC.TheAleuttongueD.Thelanguagetaughtatschoolsince1867.问题4选项A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.B.Americantradersandadventuresforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch问题5选项A.EnglishB.CyrillicC.AleutD.Slavonic问题6选项A.RussianandAleut.B.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.C.RussiancolonialrulesandtheAmericanregulations.D.theAmericansandAleutsintermsofreligiousbeliefs.问题7选项A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheoryB.weighingtheprosandconsofaplanC.debatingaboutamoralissueD.describingcausesandeffectsofevents18.单选题Therainwassoheavythatthemanwaswettotheskin;hiswholebodywas（

）andtrembling.问题1选项A.stiffB.straightC.steadyD.hard19.单选题Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（扰乱）Europeans’privatelives.Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技术的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?问题1选项A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualismB.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierageC.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstabilityD.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture问题2选项A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.问题3选项A.warmandlightheartedB.oneithersideofmarriageC.negativeandgloomyD.healthyandwealthy问题4选项A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedomB.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEuropeC.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonelyD.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable问题5选项A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.20.单选题Someoftheseonlineservicesarefree,whileothers（

）acharge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。literal“文字的，逐字的，无夸张的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的，引起歧义的”；invalid“无效的，有病的，残废的”；philosophical“哲学的”。由空格后“Yoursorrowswillchange”确定本句句意是‘算命者擅长做如“你的悲伤将改变”等模糊不清的声明。’B选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。foundation“基础，地基，创立”；juncture“接缝，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社会或宗教等）公共机构”；cessation“停止，中止”。根据句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither虽然它不是愚蠢的情景喜剧，但它也不是记录片。”可知空格处的句意是‘电视新闻杂志正好位于信息与娱乐的结合处，’B选项的“结合”正确。3.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句话是文章的中心句，提到“通过研究其他恒星，天文学家可以预测太阳系其他部分的样子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章可推断出太阳……”。文章第一段提到太阳以现在的状态（一个黄色的矮星球）存在了46亿年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通过研究其他恒星，天文学家发现，再过50亿年太阳将缩小并且变得更热，太阳将变成一个巨大的红色星球（aredgiantstar），当能量用尽时，太阳会继续缩小，变成一个白色的矮星球，接着变成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，现存状态的时间差不多是太阳生命的一半，选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“当太阳变成红色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的温度会很热，生命无法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，关于太阳发展的各个阶段，下列哪个是正确的”。文章第一段提到太阳以现在的状态（一个黄色的矮星球）存在了46亿年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通过研究其他恒星，天文学家发现，再过50亿年太阳将缩小并且变得更热，太阳将变成一个巨大的红色星球（aredgiantstar），当能量用尽时，太阳会继续缩小，变成一个白色的矮星球，接着变成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正确的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章的基调是什么”。文章从头到尾都是以非常客观的态度来描述天文学家对太阳发展的预测，选项D符合题意。Alarmed“担忧的”；pessimistic“悲观的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客观的”。4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘尽管工人们担心自动化的影响，但他们从不怀疑……？’根据第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.劳工基本上的观点是抵抗技术变革是徒然的”确定D选项“自动化是一种不能被阻止的趋势”正确。2.推理判断题。题目提问‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根据第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一种方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生产力的基础上增加工资。”确定B选项“工人应该共享生产增加和成本降低的福利”正确。3.细节事实题。题目提问‘为了获得自动化的全部好处，劳动力将主要依靠……？’根据最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，劳动力有可能主要依靠减少工作时间来充分分享自动化的成果。”确定A选项“更短的工作时间和更多的休闲吋间”正确。4.主旨大意题。全文主要是讲“自动化的发展对劳工在工作与就业等方而带来的影响”，所以B选项“劳工与自动化的影响”正确。文章并没有对自动化的劣势展开讨论，所以A选项“自动化的优势与劣势”错误，C选项“失业福利计划和自动化”和D选项“自动化的社会效益”只是文中提及的一部分内容，排除。5.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。intimacy“亲密，亲昵行为，隐私”；increment“增量，增加”；immortality“不朽，不灭”；incidence“发生率，影响”。由句子中“thecity'spopulation该市人口”确定B选项“增加”符合句意，正确。6.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理；主持（常与over搭配）”；B选项introduce“介绍；引进；提出”；C选项chair“担任主席；主持；使……入座”；D选项dominate“控制；支配；占优势”。句意：由于经理出差去了，我被邀请……每周员工会议。此处应表示“主持会议”，A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C选项符合题意。7.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。heredity“遗传，遗传性”；heir“继承人，后嗣”；heritage“遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement“补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意‘我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（

）、环境及它们之间的相互作用，我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。’确定A选项heredity“遗传，遗传性”的正确。8.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项foresee“预见；预知”；B选项fabricate“制造；伪造；装配”；C选项infer“推断；推论”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。句意：只要我们不超出预算，我们就无法……完成这个项目就没有什么困难。完成项目的困难在于预算不够，不超预算则不应有困难，也就是现在“看不到有什么困难”，因此A选项正确。9.【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。formally“正式地，形式上”；publicly“公然地，以公众名义”；spontaneously“自发地，不由自主地”；willfully“故意地，任性固执地”。根句意‘我们很难区分有颂袖气质是人（

）做出的事情还是那些为了做样子而故意策划出事情。’可知空格处所填词要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect为了做样子而故意策划”对应，所以C选项“自发地”正确。10.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊区宽敞而且设施齐全的房子里。Confess“忏悔”，动词；sufficient“足够的”；wide“宽敞的”；wretched“可怜的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。11.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项origin“起源；出身；开端”；B选项generation“一代；产生”；C选项descent“下降；血统；袭击”；D选项cause“原因；事业；目标”。句意：这个词的……未知，但肯定不是来自希腊语。后半句有一个词“from来自”，说明前半句是追究“词源”，A选项符合题意。12.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你开始掌握技术后，真正的斗争才开始。让你变得伟大的是坚持。persistence“坚持不懈”；insistence“坚持，强调”；continuation“继续”；mentality“心态”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。13.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的；可能的；潜在的”；B选项perspective“透视的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项protective“防护的；关切保护的；保护贸易的”。句意：我们刚刚为销售你方货物找到了一条……的路。联系句意及选项可知，此处应表示“找到了一条可能的销售渠道”。因此A选项正确。14.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢且没有必要的。对于他们来说，在战场上丢掉性命是徒劳的。glorious“光荣的”；futile“无用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇气的”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。15.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。inform“通知，告诉”；appease“安抚，缓和，对...让步”；provoke“激怒，使恼怒，煽动”；deceive“欺骗”；根据句意‘有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相（

）了很多社区成员。’确定C选项正确。16.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:B第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:D第20题:D【解析】（1）根据选项确定考察连词，句意：自从五年前在巴西里约热内卢举行的地球峰会以来，环境问题在政治上一直处于次要地位，而且遇到的问题并没有克服。表示句意顺承用and。（2）A选项意思是‘克服，解决’，B选项意思是‘是突出，显著’，C选项意思是‘激发……的积极性’，D选项意思是‘面对，面临’。句意：而且遇到的问题并没有克服。A选项符合题意。（3）根据空格后的名词tank确定这里需要填写一个形容词，只有A选项是形容词，所以A正确。（4）根据空格后的动词reflects用的是三单形式，确定主语是单数，选项C符合题意。（5）句意：在世界上的一些地方，用水量已经增长了五倍。A选项意思是‘减少’，B选项意思是‘增加’，C选项意思是‘扩大’，D选项意思是‘缩减’。B选项正确。（6）A选项意思是‘英文缩写’，B选项意思是‘大写字母’，C选项意思是‘开始’，D选项意思是‘字母’。句意：这个因为它的缩写IFPKE而闻名的机构。A选项正确。（7）A选项意思是‘触发器’，B选项意思是‘影响’，C选项意思是‘启蒙’，D选项意思是‘结果’。句意：短缺可能很快会触发冲突，A选项正确。（8）feed意思是‘喂养’，raise意思是‘提高’，to表目的，后面接动词原形，排除CD选项。句意：也是阻碍世界人口增长的主要障碍，B选项正确。（9）A选项意思是‘代替，而不是’，B选项意思是‘响应’，C选项意思是‘代替’，通常与be动词搭配使用，D选项意思是‘而不是’，通常不做主语。句意：人们常说水将代替石油将成为下个世纪战争的原因。A选项正确。（10）定语从句，不缺成分，表示时间用when。（11）空格后面有动词willincrease，所以空格里的词不能充当谓语，根据句意‘被水资源短缺影响的人’，表示被动，用过去分词，B选项符合题意。（12）十倍，tentimes/fold/multiple，C选项正确。（13）非限制性定语从句。用which引导。A选项正确（14）A选项意思是‘自然的’，B选项意思是‘稀有的，缺乏的’，C选项意思是‘丰富的’，D选项意思是‘休眠的，静止的’。句意：水成为一种稀缺的资源的主要原因是农业。B选项正确。（15）A选项意思是‘占……比例’，B选项意思是‘运行’，C选项意思是‘说明’，D选项意思是‘计数’。句意：农业用水占比全世界70%的水。B选项正确。（16）A选项意思是‘先进的，发达的’，B选项意思是‘发展中的’，C选项意思是‘先进的，发达的’，D选项意思是‘工业化的’。句意：尤其是发展中国家。B选项正确。（17）A选项意思是‘家，本地的’，B选项意思是‘出口’，C选项意思是‘交换，交易所’，D选项意思是‘外国的’。句意：无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种，A选项正确。（18）A选项意思是‘显著地，非常地’，B选项意思是‘可怕地，强大地’，C选项意思是‘不可避免地，必然地’，D选项意思是‘格外地，大大地’。句意：无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种，这需要格外多的水。D选项正确。（19）根据选项确定考察连词，句意：在一些地区，水资源短缺现在是养活人口的最大障碍。缺水还会导致水污染。Also表示‘也，还’，符合题意。（20）A,B,C选项都表示‘评估’的意思,只有D选项是‘预估’的意思，所以D选项正确。17.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要描述的是俄国统治时期和1867年美国管理阿拉斯加后，阿留申人的遭遇，其内容是从语言方面展开的。A选项“美国政府试图说服阿留申人把英语作为第二语言”只表达了美国管理阿拉斯加的一个方面；B选项“阿留申人忠于自己的语言，而美国人却不懂”前半句符合文意，但后半句在本文中并未提及；C选项“俄罗斯占领阿拉斯加为阿留申人创造了一种书面语言”也只表述了俄罗斯统治阿拉斯加的这一部分内容；D选项“美国和俄国在1867年前后对待阿拉斯加居民的方式”概括了本文内容，因此D选项正确。2.判断推理题。本题需要找出阿留申人热爱自己语言的原因。本文第一段最后两句提到“Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.（俄国）对大部分成年阿留申人的屠杀导致依靠口口相传的部落只是的消失。因此，阿留申人把他们的语言视作唯一的文化遗产，且十分热爱自己的语言。”因此B选项“他们口头传播的部落知识被破坏”符合文意。3.事实细节题。由排除法可知，第二句中提到了Russian俄语和OldSlavonic古斯拉夫语，第三句提到了1867年后学校里教授的English，因此唯一没有提到的是C选项“阿留申语”。4.判断推理题。题干关键词thereligiousbelief“宗教信仰”并未直接出现在本文中，但仔细浏览可发现与宗教相关词汇。第二段中提到“theyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue他们必须学习古斯拉夫语，积极参加教会活动，并掌握读写他们自己的语言的技能”，这里说的教会必然与俄罗斯相关。且第三段第一句就说到“TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy对俄国东正教会的信徒来说，斯拉夫语的知识仍然是至关重要的，同样重要的还有与神职人员交谈时使用的俄语”，由此可推知当时阿留申人在被俄国统治时，是被俄罗斯人强制要求成为俄国东正教教徒的。D选项“俄国人强迫阿留申成为俄国东正教的成员”正确。A选项“在俄国占领之前，他们没有宗教信仰”在本文未提及之前是否有宗教信仰；B选项“美国商人和冒险家迫使他们放弃所有的宗教信仰”同样也没有在文章中直接提及；C选项“阿留申人在历史上从未有过一个有组织的宗教”与上述文意相悖，明显曾在一段时间内，阿留申人是俄国东正教教徒的。5.事实细节题。接上题分析，第二段与第三段中均提到，在俄国东正教中，需要使用斯拉夫语。因此D选项正确。6.判断推理题。本体需要找的是两个同类相似事物间的比较。文章最后一段第二句说到“ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.俄语和阿留申语表面上按字母顺序相似，却把这两种语言联系得如此紧密，以至于任何对俄语教学的限制都被理解为试图根除阿留申语。”因此相似的是俄罗斯语和阿留申语。A选项正确。7.主旨大意题。本题偏向文章结构，需要找出作者的写作思路或文章线索。在第一题的分析中就提到，本文主要讲述俄国和美国统治时期，阿拉斯加的阿留申人的遭遇，其中主要讲述了语言方面的发展历程，在这个过程中阿留申人变得热爱自己的语言。因此也就是描述不同统治时期的政策及其结果，D选项“描述事件的原因和结果”符合题意。18.【答案】A【解析