2023年考研考博考博英语西南财经大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南财经大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Isittruethatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt?Ididn’tmeantoeavesdropwhatyousaid.Ijust（

）it.问题1选项A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked2.单选题Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target3.单选题Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.问题1选项A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible4.单选题Thisisthenursewho（

）tomewhenIwasillinhospital.问题1选项A.accompaniedB.attendedC.entertainedD.shielded5.单选题Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.问题1选项A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brilliant6.单选题Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost;protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbethebestpolicyforelectroniccommerce?2.Incaseanelectronicshopperboughtfaultygoodsfromaforeigncountry,whatcouldhedointhepresentcircumstances?3.Intheauthor’sview,businesseswouldplaceahighpremiumonhonestdealingbecauseintheelectronicworld（

）.

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatinlicensingnewdrugstheFDAintheUnitedStatesis（

）.

5.Theworld“cyberspace”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto（

）.问题1选项A.Self-regulationbythebusinesses.B.Strictconsumerprotectionlaws.C.Closeinternationalcooperation.D.Governmentprotection.问题2选项A.RefusetopayforthepurchaseB.GotothesellerandaskforarefundC.AppealtoconsumerprotectionlawsD.Complainaboutitviaelectronicmail问题3选项A.internationalcooperationwouldbemuchmoreenhancedB.consumerscouldeasilyseekgovernmentprotectionC.agoodreputationisagreatadvantageincompetitionD.itwouldbeeasyforconsumerstocomplain问题4选项A.veryquickB.verycautiousC.veryslowD.rathercareless问题5选项A.theouterspaceB.artificialintelligenceC.thecommercialworldD.computernetworks7.单选题Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto.Andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedatdepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats;moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,shirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouse.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!1.Theauthorbelievesthatpeopleare（

）.2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（

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3.Causesoffashionsare（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?问题1选项A.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashionB.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashionC.concernedaboutappearanceinoldageD.satisfiedwiththeirappearance问题2选项A.confidenceinlifeB.individualdressC.individualhairstyleD.personalfuture问题3选项A.uniformB.unknownC.variedD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.CareaboutappearanceinformalsituationsB.FashioninformalandinformalsituationsC.IgnoringappearanceininformalsituationsD.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations8.单选题Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe（

）willcontinueintothenextdecade.问题1选项A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule9.单选题Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.问题1选项A.resignB.renewC.recoverD.restore10.翻译题Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariablelanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.——onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.11.单选题（

）,there’sagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn’tusuallystayawayfromwork.问题1选项A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally12.单选题Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）todirectorofthepresident’soffice.问题1选项A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised13.翻译题Marketingisimportanttoorganizationsandconsumersalike.Ittouchesthelivesofallmembersofsociety.Allthegoodsandservicesyoubuy,thestoreswhereyoushopandtheradioandTVprogramspaidforbyadvertisingaretherebecauseofmarketing.Eachofyouhasbeeninvolvedinmarketingactivitiesatonetimeoranother.Perhapsyouhavetriedtosellausedtextbookbacktothecampusbookstoreortoconvinceyourparentstofinanceaspringvacation.Youmaynothaveknownitatthetime,butyouwereperformingmarketingactivities.Marketingoftenhasspecialimportanceforstudents.Manyofyouwillworkinmarketing——whetherinsales,retailing,advertising,oranotherfieldinafor-profitfirmoranonprofitorganization.Throughthischapteryouwillfindsomeinformationindifferentareasofmarketing—insales,advertising,marketingconcept,marketingmix,marketingresearch,understandingbuyerbehavior,marketsegmentation(细分)andotherareas.Whatdoesabusinessfirmdoinoureconomy?Reducedtobasics,businesseshavetwomajorfunctions:productionofgoodsorcreationofservicesandmarketingthosegoodsandservices.Tobesuccessfulintoday’scompetitivemarketplace,peopleinbusinessrealizethattheymustfirstdeterminepeople’sneedsandwants,andthenproducegoodsandservicestosatisfythem.Acompany,whetheritisFordMotorCompanyorasmallretailer,isinbusinesstocreatewant-satisfyinggoodsandservicesforitscustomers.Goodsandservicesthatdonotsatisfyconsumersareforcedoutfromthemarket,sinceconsumersdonotbuythem.14.单选题Thenumber30onaroadsign（

）thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.问题1选项A.forecastsB.signifiesC.illuminatesD.characterize15.单选题I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.问题1选项A.paidoffB.takenitstollC.madeadifferenceD.shownup16.单选题Weshouldget（

）tothatnewjournal.问题1选项A.asubscriptionB.aprescriptionC.aninscriptionD.aconscription17.单选题Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe“CaroftheFuture”.Theyfeaturedunconventionalstylingandthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.Yet,frankly,mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.Itwillstillgoandstop,butitmaynotburngasoline.Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.Airbagsaren’tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions（碰撞）,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren’tgoingaway,andinfactyoucanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.Betterthansystemstominimize（使减少到最低限度）injuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappeninginthefirstplace.Futurecarsmaybeabletoeliminatemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,tailgatingandsleepiness.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Manyaccidentsarecausedbypeoplefollowingthecarinfronttooclosely.Asearlyasnextyear,you’llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou’reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle.Forcitystreets,expectotherradardevicesthatwillgiveadvancewarningthatthecarinfrontofyouhasslowedsuddenlyandyoushouldsteponthebrakes—orthatmayevenbrakeforyou.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon’tbetechnicallypossible,andMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars,butsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafe（安全的）systemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisabled.1.Theauthorwasfascinatedbycarsbecause_____.2.Bysay“mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo”(Line-5-6,para.1),theauthormeansthat.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?4.Whatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver’ssystem?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?问题1选项A.othersmallboyslikedtoownacaroftheirown,tooB.hereadexoticthingsaboutcarsinhisbrother’smagazinesC.hisoldestbrotherlovedtotakehimtoplacesinhiscarD.hesubscribedtocoolcarmagazines问题2选项A.mycarisfarbetterthanmybrother’swasB.mycarisnotasgoodasmybrother’swasC.notmuchhaschangedintheperformanceofcarssofarD.muchimprovementhasbeenmadeinthedesignofcarsrecently问题3选项A.Theyareinneedoffurtherimprovement.B.Theyaregoingtodisappeargradually.C.Theykillpeopleinsteadofprotectingtheminlow-speedcollisions.D.TheyareastandardfeatureofEuropeancars.问题4选项A.Theywillgiveawarninginadvance.B.Theywillbrakeautomatically.C.Theywilleaseuponthrottle.D.Theywillnotstart.问题5选项A.Peoplewillgiveupallcontroltotheircars.B.Carswillbeabletodrivethemselves.C.Nocarswilleverbreakdownontheroads.D.Carswillallbeequippedwithfailsafesystems.18.单选题IntheU.S.88percentofsmokershasstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis（

）tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.问题1选项A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal19.单选题Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires（

）widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.问题1选项A.alterB.varyC.transferD.shift20.单选题Theytriedtocollectallthepicturestheycould（

）.问题1选项A.laytheirhandsonB.capitalizeonC.washtheirhandsofD.makethebestof第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。overcome克服；overwhelm淹没，压倒；overheard无意听到；overlook忽视。句意：那家公司要破产了，是真的吗？我无意偷听你们说话，只是无意中听到的。选项C符合语境。2.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。guarantee保障，担保；security安全；demand需求；target目标。句意：身体健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有国家经济和社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive意为“破坏性的”；liable意为“（法律上）负有偿付责任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；responsible意为“负责的，可靠的，有责任的”，指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务，或在出差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。句意：假如这个项目出了任何问题，我将追究你个人的责任。4.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。accompany陪伴，伴随，通常和介词“by”搭配；attend出席，照顾，照料，通常和介词“to”搭配；entertain娱乐，招待，通常和介词“with”搭配；shield遮蔽，防御，通常和介词“from”搭配。句意：这就是我生病住院时照顾我的护士。只有选项B能和介词“to”搭配，所以正确。5.【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。6.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第三段中的内容为：答案之一是各国政府更多地合作：承认彼此的规则。但这需要多年的工作和大量的详细规则。而且许多国家的规则对此来说都太不切实际了。然而，还有一种选择。让电子企业自己做“监管”，毕竟，这样做对他们是有利的。句中的“regulation”themselves即self-regulation，因此选A。第2题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的thenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown（新技术还将使他们更容易在公司让他们失望时大声抱怨）可知D选项“通过电子邮件抱怨”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.（在电子商务中，诚实交易的声誉将是一种有价值的竞争资产）可知C选项“良好的声誉是竞争中的一大优势”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.（例如，在线订购药品的客户可能更喜欢从美国购买药品，因为他们相信食品药品监督管理局的严格审查；或者他们可能认为FDA的规定过于严格，而选择从瑞士购买）可知FDA对药品的管理非常严格和谨慎，因此选B。第5题:词义题。文章主要介绍了电子商务交易存在的问题，故cyberspace与electroniccommerce（电子商务）和theelectronicworld（电子世界）有关，而电子商务、电子世界是通过计算机网络进行的，因此选D。7.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到“很少有人满足于自己的现状，也很少有人会忽视潮流”（Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion），选项B“绝不会忽视潮流的东西”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段提到时尚杂志和电视广告试图说服我们在特定的场合穿特定的衣服，表现出特定的礼仪。在他们看来，这样做会让我们更加自信地去结识新的朋友（Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidently）。因此可以推断出时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与自信联系在一起，选项A符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起时尚改变的原因是什么？有时候是因为方便或者实际需要或者因为某个人的影响”（Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion），由此可以看出，引起时尚变化的原因是多方面的，无法确定的，选项C“多样的”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章倒数第二段提到现在的社会比以前自由、简单，不需要跟他人穿着一样。你可以穿你喜欢穿的衣服，做你喜欢做的发型，不是因为这些流行，单纯因为喜欢。（Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion），由此可知，现在重视的是“个性”。选项D符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到衣服发型可以出于自己的喜好进行选择，不必考虑是否流行，也不需要随大流。最后一段提到在正式的场合还是需要注重仪表，接着举了一些例子来说明穿衣服应该分清场合。选项A“正式场合需要注重仪表”符合题意。8.【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。emergency紧急情况，突发事件；trend趋势，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule时间表，日程安排。句意：全世界的犯罪活动一直在增加，我们有充分的理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。选项B符合句意。9.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resign“辞职，放弃”；renew“更新”；recover“恢复”；restore“恢复，还原”。句意：由于两国不能放弃他们的不同之处，他们决定相互宣战。选项A符合题意。10.【答案】文化是国际市场中最具挑战性的因素之一。特定社会成员的这种习得行为模式系统是由一系列动态变化的语言、宗教、价值观和习俗、美学、技术、教育和社会制度不断塑造而成的。为了应对这个系统，国际经理需要真实的文化和用于解释文化的知识。在某种程度上，事实知识可以习得，而文化的解释只能来源于经验。在处理文化环境的问题时，最复杂的问题是来自于一个人无法学到文化——他必须置身其中。商业世界中存在着两种关于如何处理文化多样性的思想流派。一种是认为全世界的商业都是公事公办，像百事和麦当劳一样。在某些情况下，全球化是无法改变的事实，然而，文化差异还远没有融合。另一种观点认为，企业必须根据不同的文化来调整经营模式。在每个国家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，关键问题在于接受与否。国际经理面临的主要挑战是确保拒绝接受不是文化近视甚至眼盲的结果。11.【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。ideally“理想地”；principally“主要地”；presumably“大概”；originally“原始地”。句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。选项C符合题意。12.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。push“推”；purchase“购买”；promote“提升”；promise“承诺”。句意：格林先生最近升任为董事长办公室主任了。选项C符合题意。13.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。14.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。forecast预测，预示；signify；表示，意味着；illuminate阐明；.characterize具有...的特征。句意：路牌上的数字30表示限速30英里每小时。选项B符合句意。15.【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成损失，造成伤亡；makeadifference有影响，有关系；showup出现，揭露。句意：我很高兴的听说你找到了工作，在学校里一切的努力显然都得到了回报。只有选项A符合语境。16.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。subscription“捐献，订阅”；prescription“药方，指示”；inscription“题词，铭文”；conscription“征兵”。句意：我们应该订阅那本新杂志。选项A符合题意。17.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.”和许多其他小男孩一样，我对汽车很着迷，尤其是因为我的哥哥是个汽车迷，订阅了《汽车与司机》和《汽车趋势》等很酷的杂志。由此可知，选项A“和其他男孩一样想拥有自己的车”和原文不符，作者只是说自己和其他男孩一样对汽车着迷；选项B“作者在哥哥的杂志上读到有关汽车的新奇事物”符合原文；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D是作者哥哥订阅的杂志而不是他自己，所以错误。第2题:语义题。这句话的意思是“我的车不能做任何我哥哥的车所不能做的事”。根据下文的内容“Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon'tsteeritcarefully.”它前进，它停止，它燃烧汽油，它播放音乐。我仍然需要操纵它，如果我不小心操纵，它仍然会撞到东西。以及第二段首句“Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.”但你猜怎么着？所有这些都可能在不久的将来发生变化。也就是说，到目前为止，汽车的性能并没有发生改变，它还是需要人来操控。所以选项C为正确答案。第3题:细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.”考虑到最近的新闻，安全气囊在低速碰撞中偶尔会使人丧生，显然安全气囊仍然需要一些改进。选项A符合原文。选项B与原文“Buttheyaren’tgoingaway.”不符；根据第二句中的关键词“occasionally”可知，选项C表述太绝对；选项D在文中没有提及。第4题:细节事实题。根据关键词“alcohol”定位到倒数第四段“Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.”例如，汽车可以配备传感器，检测驾驶员身体中的酒精含量，从而防止汽车启动。由此可知，选项D“它们不会启动”正确。第5题:细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon'tbetechnicallypossible...”汽车最终能自动驾驶吗？没有理由认为这在技术上是不可能的。由此可知，选项B正确；根据最后一段第三句“Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars.”没有人真的希望人们完全放弃对汽车的控制，所以选项A不正确；选项C和D在文中没有提及。18.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。liable“有责任的，有义务的”；liberal“自由主义的，慷慨的”；irrational“不合理的，无理性的，荒谬的”；illegal“非法的，违法的”。句意：在美国，88%的烟民十八岁之前就开始抽烟，尽管将烟售卖给未成年人是不合法的。选项D符合题意。19.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改变，更改；vary改变，变化；transfer转移，转变；shift转移，变换。句意：希望、目标、恐惧和欲望在男人和女人之间、富人和穷人之间大不相同。这几个词都有改变的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意为“在...之间变化、有差异”，所以选项B正确。20.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。layone’shandson意为“找到，得到，伤害”；capitalizeon意为“充分利用某事物，从某事物中获利”；washone’shandsof意为“洗手不干，退出、不参与”；makethebestof意为“充分利用”。句意：他们试图收集所有他们能找到的照片。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.问题1选项A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated2.单选题Our（

）talkspromisedagoodfutureforourcooperation.问题1选项A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible3.单选题Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.问题1选项A.lessenB.diminishC.decreaseD.reduce4.单选题Democraticgovernmentisaphrasethatisnotoriouslyhardto（

）.问题1选项A.creditB.defendC.modifyD.define5.单选题Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo（

）himtoyournotice.问题1选项A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate6.单选题TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.问题1选项A.detectsB.exploitsC.featuresD.survive7.单选题Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.问题1选项A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnologyB.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfiresC.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfiresD.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities问题2选项A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.B.isstillalerttothefireproblemC.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexpertsD.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem问题3选项A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadultsB.AmericanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessonsC.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStalesD.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency问题4选项A.ArchitectureandbuildingmaterialsB.EducationandtechnologyC.LawsandattitudeD.Alloftheabove问题5选项A.developingnewtechnologyB.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressureC.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamilyD.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances8.单选题TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys9.单选题Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.问题1选项A.conceiveB.clutchC.cherishD.contrive10.单选题Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.问题1选项A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability11.单选题AKoreanmanufacturerhas（

）usapricetenpercentlowerthanyours.问题1选项A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told12.单选题When