高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题16追本溯源　阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意热点难点突破

专题16追本溯源阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意

一、uCanIseemybaby?”askedthehappynewmother.Thebundle（婴儿包）wasplacedinher

armsandwhenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface,shegasped—thebabyhad

beenbornwithoutears.Time,however,provedthatthebaby'shearingwasperfectexcepthis

appearance.

Onedaywhenherushedhomefromschoolandthrewhimselfintohismother?sarms,hecried

outbitterly,“Aboy,abigboy...calledme一afreak."Shesighed,knowingthathis1ifewas

tobeendlessofheartbreaks.

Hegrewup,handsomeforhismisfortune.Afavoritewithhisfellowstudents,hemighthave

beenclasspresident,butforthat.Hedevelopedagiftforliteratureandmusic.

Theboy'sfatherhadatalkwiththefamilydoctor."Couldnothingbedone?”“Ibelieve

wecouldgraft（移植）onapairofouterears,iftheycouldbedonated,“thedoctordecided.So

thesearchbeganforapersonwhowouldmakesuchasacrificeforayoungman.Twoyearswentby.Then,

“You'regoingtothehospital,son.MotherandIhavesomeonewhowilldonatetheearsyouneed.But

it'sasecret."saidthefather.

Theoperationwasabrilliantsuccess.Histalentsblossomedintogenius.Schoolandcollege

becameaseriesofsuccesses.Later,hemarriedandenteredthediplomatic（外交）service."But

Imustknow!”heurgedhisfather."Whogavesomuchforme?Icouldneverdoenoughforhim.”

“Idonotbelieveyoucould,“saidthefather,“buttheagreementwasthatyouarenotto

know...notyet.”

Theyearskeptthesecret,butthedaydidcome一oneofthedarkestdaysthateverpassed

throughason.Hestoodwithhisfatheroverhismother,scasket（棺材）.Slowlyandtenderly,

thefatherstretchedforthahandandraisedthethick,reddish-brownhairtoletoutthesecret.

1.Thestoryismainlyabout.

A.howaboyhadnewearsthroughanoperation

B.whatadevotedparentprivatelydidforthechild

C.howadisabledboyturnedintoausefulperson

D.whyadonatormadeasacrificetoabrightboy

答案B

解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。故选B。

2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatthemother.

A.wasdeterminedtodonateherearstoperfectherson

B.keptherhusbandunknownaboutthebaby'ssituation

C.feltshockedanddisappointedtoseehernewbaby

D.complainedofherbadlucktohaveadisabledchild

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的"whenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface,

shegasped—thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears”可知,母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失

望。

3.Theunderlinedword“freak”inParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto"”.

A.slow-actingperson

B.ugly-lookingchild

C.badly-behavedstudent

D.strangely-shapedcreature

答案D

解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“hecriedoutbitterly,，Aboy,abigboy...calledmea<freak":nJ^0,

有个大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能会使很多同学联想到那个男孩子没有耳朵，而将freak一词误理解为“长

相丑陋”，下文中描述道'Hegrewup,handsomeforhismisfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因为没

有耳朵在外形上与普通人不一样，因此我们猜测该词的含义为：strangeiy-shapedcreatureo

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theagreementwasbetweenthedonatorandthefamily.

B.Theboywassopopularthathewasmadeclasspresident.

C.Finallytheboycametoknowwhothedonatorwas.

D.Themotherdonatedherearstohersonaftershedied.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是

母亲把耳朵给了他。故选C。

5.Whatmorallessoncanwedrawfromthisreading?

A.Realloveliesinwhatisdoneunknownratherthanwhatisdoneknown.

B.Itisuptoparentstohelptheirchildrenheartandsoul.

C.Truebeautyliesonlyintheheartnotinappearance.

D.Itisavirtueforyounggenerationstolearntobegrateful.

答案A

解析推理判断题。本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到

了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。

二、Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworldwhattheywantoutoflifeandthereplywillprobably

be：“tobehappy”.EdDeiner,anAmericanpsychologyprofessor,hasspenthiswholeprofessional

lifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy,comparinglevelsofhappinessbetweenculturesandtrying

tofindoutexactlywhyweenjoyourselves.

Manypeoplewouldsaythatthisquestiondoesnotneedananswer.ButProfessorDeinerhas

oneanyway."Ifyou'reacheerful,happyperson,yourmarriageismorelikelytolast,andyou're

morelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage,happypeoplehavestronger

immunesystems,andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”

Sowhoaretheworld'shappiestpeople?Itdependsonhowthewordisdefined.Thereis

individualhappiness,thesenseofjoywegetwhenwedosomethingwelike.Butthereisalsothe

feelingofsatisfactionwegetwhenweknowthatothersrespectusandapproveofhowwe

behave.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsia

prefersmutualsatisfaction.

“IntheWest,theindividualisticculturemeansthatyourmoodmattersmuchmorethanit

doesintheEast.Peopleaskthemselvesiftheyaredoingwhatisfunorinteresting.Theybecome

unhappywhentheycan'tdoanyofthesethings.IfyouaskpeoplefromJapanorChinaifthey

arehappy,theytendtolookatwhathasgonewrongintheirlives.Ifnotmuchhasgonewrong,

thentheyaresatisfied.”

PeoplefromSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountrieshadthehappiestculture,Professor

Deinerfound."Thebiggestculturaldifferenceistodowithprideandshame.Hispanic（西班牙

语的）culturesreportmuchmoreprideandmuchlessshamethanothers.”

Incomealsomadeabigdifferencetopeople?shappiness,butonlyatthelowestlevels.Average

incomeearnersintheUSweremuchhappierthanpeopleinpoverty.Butmillionaireswereonlya

littlebithappierthanpeopleonaverageincomes.Itseemsthatmoneymakesushappywhenwehave

enoughtofeelsecure.

6.Accordingtothepassage,happypeopleenjoythefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT.

A.alongmarriageB.respectfromothers

C.professionsuccessD.betterhealth

答案B

解析细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句"Ifyou'reacheerful,happyperson,yourmarriageis

more1ikelytolast,andyou'remore1ikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage,

happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems,andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”

可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来

的好处。文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。

7.InProfessorDeiner,sopinion,.

A.Asianshaveaculturetoenjoyindividualhappiness

B.WesternerscaremoreaboutmutualsatisfactionthanAsians

C.Asiansfocusmoreonothers'respectandapprovalthanWesterners

D.Westernersvalueindividualhappinessasmuchasmutualsatisfaction

答案C

解析推理判断题。由第三段最后一句^AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,theWesternworldpursues

individualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.可知,Deiner认为西方人更追求个

人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraph?

A.AttitudetowardsprideandshameresultsinSpanishhappiness.

B.Spanishpeopletaketoomuchprideinthemselves.

C.Hispaniccultureslaystressonprideandshame.

D.IfyouarefromSpain,youarethehappiest.

答案A

解析推理判断题。第五段大意为“来自西班牙和以西班牙语为母语国家的人拥有最快乐的文化，

Deiner发现最大的文化差别在于对骄傲和耻辱的态度，西班牙文化比其他文化更强调骄傲而非耻辱”。由

此可推知，对骄傲和耻辱的态度造就了西班牙语文化的快乐属性，所以A项正确。

9.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstotellus.

A.poorpeopleenjoythesamehappinessasmillionaires

B.thehigherincomeonegets,thehappierlifehelives

C.averageincomeearnerslivethehappiestlife

D.enoughmoneycanmakeusfeelsafeandhappy

答案D

解析推理判断题。最后一•段大意为“收入也会导致快乐程度的不同，美国中产阶层比贫穷阶层过得

更快乐，但百万富翁只比中产阶层快乐•点点，钱会使人快乐是因为当我们拥有足够的钱时我们会有安全

感。”由此可知，作者在最后一段表达了“足够多的钱会让人们感到快乐和安全”这样一种看法，所以D

项正确；但此段并无“钱越多人就越快乐”之意，B项将“足够多的钱能让人快乐”和“钱越多人越快乐”

混为一谈，所以B项错误。

10.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.culturaldifferencesinhappiness

B.thehappiestculture

C.reasonsforhappiness

D.benefitsofhappiness

答案c

解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了令人快乐的原因，第一段中的“anAmericanpsychologyprofessor,

hasspenthiswholeprofessionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy”引出后文所有内容，可见文章重点是关

于快乐原因的讨论，所以C项正确。

三、ManypublicfiguresfromIT,showbusiness,andsportshavejoinedtheIceBucketChallenge

toraisemoneyforamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性侧索硬化)research.Anumberof

internationalfamouspeoplehavealreadytakenthechallenge,includingMicrosoftco-founderBill

Gates,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberg,Amazon,comfounderandCEOJeffBezos,andAppleInc.CEO

TimCook.TroubledmusicianJustinBieberevenchallengedUSPresidentBarackObama.

TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipantspourabucketoficewateronthemselves

andthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominatingoneormorepeopletodothesame

within24hours.Peoplewhofailtotakethechallengewillhavetodonate$100toTheALS

Association,whichadvocatesfindingtreatmentandacureforALS.Andmanyofthosewho'vetaken

thechallengedonatedaswell.

ALSisararediseasethatgraduallyreducespatients,musclestrength,finallymakingthem

becomeunabletospeak,move,swallowandbreathe.InNorthAmerica,ALSiscommonlyknownasLou

Gehrig'sdisease,afterthestarbaseballplayerwhodiedofthediseasein1941attheageof

38.Thebest-knownALSpatienttodayisBritishscientistStephenHawking.Whilemostpeoplewith

ALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyearsafterdiagnosis（诊断）,Hawkinghashadthediseasefor

decades.ThemedicaltreatmentforALSisveryexpensiveandcannotbecoveredbymostsocialwelfare

programs.ThiscreatesdifficultiesformanyALSpatientsandtheirfamilies,bothphysicallyand

mentally.

“Duetotheicebucketcampaign,manypeoplearebeginningtoknowaboutALS.Withmorepeople

awareandmorepeopletakingpartinthefightagainstALS,wecancalmlyworkwithnotonlyother

ALSorganizations,butalsowithmedicalcompaniestospeedupnewtreatmentsforpeopleaffected

bythedisease,“saidBarbaraNewhouse,PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.

31.WhydoestheauthormentionmanyfamouspeopleinParagraph1?

A.TostressthepopularityoftheIceBucketChallenge.

B.Toadviseustolearnfromthem.

C.Toprovetheyaregenerous.

D.TointroducethetargetgroupoftheIceBucketChallenge.

答案A

解析推理判断题。文章第一段主要介绍很多名人都参与了冰桶挑战，故可推知作者意在通过列举名

人吸引读者注意，突出强调冰桶挑战的流行，进而引出下文对冰桶挑战及背景的介绍，故A项正确。

32.Paragraph2ismainlyabouttheIceBucketchallenge's.

A.influenceB.purpose

C.rulesD.development

答案C

解析段落大意题。第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战要求参与者要将•桶冰水倒在自己身上，并在社交媒

体上发布一个视频，提名一个或更多的人在24小时内做同样的事情，那些没有完成挑战的人要捐100美元

给ALS机构。因此，第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战的规则，rules符合文意。influence意为“影响"；purpose

意为“目的"；development意为“发展”，均不符合文意。

33.Thepersonwhoisnominatedforthechallengeisrequiredto.

A.donate$100toTheALSAssociation

B.watchothersvideosonsocialmedia

C.helpfindeffectivetreatmentsforALS

D.pouricewateronhimselfwithintime

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的"TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipants

pourabucketoficewateronthemselvesandthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominating

oneormorepeopletodothesamewithin24hours.”可知，被提名参加冰桶挑战的人要在规定时间

内把冰水倒在自己身上。

34.WhatdoweknowaboutALSfromthetext?

A.ALSisfairlycommonnow.

B.LouGehrigwasfirstcuredofALS.

C.ItisrareforpeoplewithALStosurvivedecades.

D.SocialwelfareprogramsprovidemedicaltreatmentsforALS.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四句"WhilemostpeoplewithALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyears

afterdiagnosis（诊断）"可知，大多数患有ALS的人在确诊后一般只活了2到5年。故可推知，很少

患有ALS的人能够活数十年，故C项正确。

35.AccordingtoBarbaraNewhouse,theIceBucketChallenge.

A.makesmorepeoplewellawareofALS

B.teachespeoplehowtofightagainstALS

C.makesmedicalcompanieshelpALSpatients

D.attractsmanypeopletojoinALSorganizations

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Duetotheicebucketcampaign,manypeoplearebeginning

toknowaboutALS.可知，冰桶挑战使很多人了解了AL

四、Onehundredgrandmotherswereaskedhowgoodmannershadchangedsincetheywerechildren,

whattheyexpectedoftheirownchildrenwhentheyweregrowingupandhowtheirgrandchildren

behavetoday.

Althoughthegrannieswereunitedinthebeliefthatgoodmannerscostnothing,theyunwillingly

cametotheconclusionthatalltheoldlittlecourtesies（礼节）aregraduallybeingerased.Some

childrenarenottaughtsimplegoodmannersbytheirparents,inthebeliefthattheyshouldbe

freetoexpressthemselves.

Mannersatmealtimesrevealedthegreatestinter-generationaldifference.While92percent

ofgrandparentsand87percentoftheirchildrensatdownatthetablewithallthefamilyto

eatatleastonceaday,nowadaysthisappliestojust54percentofchildren.

Traditionalfamilymealtimeshavebeenonaslipperyslopeformanyyearsandthissurvey

revealsanapparentcorrespondingdeclineintablemanners.Onegrandmothersaid："My

grandchildrenhavebadtablemannersastheyhavenJtbeentaughtbytheirparents."Only49

percentofchildrentodayhavetoasktogetdownfromthetablecomparedwith89percentoftheir

grandparentsand80percentoftheirparents.Keepingyourelbowsoffthetableisalmosttotally

unnecessary,withjust19percentofgrandchiIdrenstillexpectedtosticktotheoldrule.However,

someparentsarestillkeepingfamilymealtimesalive,witheventhesmallestchildrenjoining

thematthetableintheirhighchairswhetheritistheirmealtimeornot.

Althoughsomelittlecourtesiesmaynolongerbeencouragedtoday,goodoldfashioned

“please"and“thankyou“seemtohaveweatheredthestorm.Nevertheless,therehasbeenabig

downturninwritingthank-youletters,from86percentofgrandparentstojust35percentof

grandchildrenputtingpentopapertoday.

Afinalwordfromonewisegrandmother：”Ifthereweren,trulestherewouldbenothingfor

kidstobreak,norisktotake,noscarstoshowformistakes.Rulesletyoufly.”

1.Whichofthefollowingwou1dsomemodernparentsmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Goodmannersareveryimportant.

B.Kidsshouldshowwhotheytrulyare.

C.Itiseasyforkidstolearngoodmanners.

D.Kidsshouldlearnfromtheirgrandparents.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句'Somechildrenarenottaughtsimplegoodmannersbythetr

parents,mthebeliefthattheyshouldbefreetoexpressthemselves."可知，当下一些父母很可能认同孩子们应

该展示他们真实的一面。

2.Accordingtothesurvey,81percentofkids.

A.puttheirelbowsonthetable

B.usuallyeatintheirhighchairs

C.havemealswithallthefamily

D.askpermissiontoleavethetable

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第四段第四句"Keepingyoure1bowsoffthetableisalmosttotally

unnecessary,withjust19percentofgrandchildrenstillexpectedtosticktotheoldrule.”

可知，根据调查，只有19%的孩子仍希望遵守旧规则，而剩下81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。

3.Whatmightmanykidsbeencouragedtodo?

A.Apologizesincerelyfacetoface.

B.Showappreciationbywritingletters.

C.Talkabouttheweatherwithstrangers.

D.Expressthankfulnessinspokenwords.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句"Nevertheless,therehasbeenabigdownturnin

writingthank-youletters,from86percentofgrandparentstojust35percentofgrandchiIdren

puttingpentopapertoday.”可知,被要求写感谢信的比例有所下降。故可以推测出,孩子被鼓励口头

表达谢意。

4.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardsstickingtotraditionalcourtesies?

A.Heisuncertainaboutit.

B.Heismildlycritical.

C.Heapprovesofit.

D.Heisstronglyagainstit.

答案C

解析观点态度题。阅读全文，根据文章最后一段“Afinalwordfromonewisegrandmother：4If

thereweren'trulestherewouldbenothingforkidstobreak,norisktotake,noscarstoshow

formistakes.Rulesletyoufly.'"可以看出，作者对于坚持传统的礼节是支持的。

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoExpressYourself?

B.ChangetheUnnecessaryRules

C.AreGoodMannersaThingofthePast?

D.GrandmothersCaringforGrandkids

答案C

解析标题归纳题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，有一百位祖母被问到，从她们小时候至今，礼貌

有多大改变，她们对自己的孩子成长中的期望以及她们的子孙们今天的行为如何。本文以此展开，主要讲

述了礼节不只是过去的事情。

五、CharityCyclingUKrecentlylaunchedacampaigntoraiseawarenessofdooringafter

discoveringthatmanypeopledon'tknowwhatitis.Dooringiswhenadriverorpassengeropens

thedoorintoanotherroaduser-typicallyacyclist-withoutlookingforotherroadusers.

CyclingUKChiefExecutivePaulTuohytoldG1oucestershireLivet“Somepeopleseemtosee

cardooringasabitofajoke,butit'snotandcanhaveseriousconsequences.CyclingUKwants

toseegreatawarenessmadeaboutthedangersofopeningyourcardoornegligently,andpeople

tobeencouragedtolookbeforetheyopen.”

Thecharitysays2,009ofthe3,000injuriesweresustainedbycyclists,resultinginfive

fatalitiesbutsaysthismightnotbethefullextentofthedanger.

CyclingUKsaysnotallcardooringincidentswillbeattendedbypolice,sothecharityhas

writtentotransportministerJesseNormancallingforapublicawarenesscampaignurgingall

caroccupants,notjustdrivers,tolookbeforeopeningvehicledoors.Oneofthewaysthecharity

suggestsisthe“Dutchreach”,wherepeopleleavingavehiclereachoverandusethenon-door

sidehandtoopenthedoor.

CyclingUKalsosuggestsharsherlawsandadviceonsaferroadpositioningforpeoplewho

cycle.

MrTuohysaid："IntheNetherlandstheyareknownforpractisingamethod,knownsometimes

asthe'Dutchreach"，whichwethinkcouldbesuccessfullyencouragedintheUK.

“CyclingUKhaswrittentotheDepartmentforTransportaskingthemtolookintothis,

andhighlightthedangersof'cardooring,throughapublicawarenessTHINKstylecampaign.”

Ifyou'rereallyconcernedaboutopeningadoorintothepathofacyclistcomingbehind

you,considerusingwhat'sknownasthe'Dutchreach'toopenthedoor.Thatwillnaturally

turnyouinyourseatandgiveyouamuchbetterviewofwhat'scomingupalongsidethecar.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因开车门造成的撞人事故

的危害以及解决问题的可行方法。

6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Cardooring.

B.Trafficawareness.

C.The"Dutchreach,,.

D.Thecharity'scampaign.

答案A

解析主旨大意题。通读文章可知，全文围绕话题cardooring展开，介绍了cardooring的危害以

及解决问题的方法。所以A正确。

7.WhydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinParagraph3?

A.Tocausepublicconcern.

B.Toreporttheterribleaccidents.

C.Toshowthedangersofcardooring.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoftrafficsafety.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的；Cyc：mgUKwantstoseegreatawarenessmadeaboutthe

dangersofopeningyourcardoornegligently..."可知，cardoonng有危险，第三段进一步用数据说明该问题的

严重性。所以C项正确。

8.WhiledoingtheuDutchreachv，youshould.

A.sitstillinyourseat

B.openthecardoorpolitely

C.usetheinsidehandtoopenthedoor

D.usethelefthandtoopenthecardoor

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“wherepeopleleavingavehiclereachoverandusethe

non-doorsidehandtoopenthedoor”可知,应该用不靠近车门的手开门。故选C。

9.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?

A.Manypeopleareignorantofcardooring.

B.The“Dutchreach“iswellreceivedinEngland.

C.Dooringincidentsareallattendedbypolice.

D.Driversaretoblamefordooringincidents.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“CharityCyclingUKrecentlylaunchedacampaigntoraise

awarenessofdooringafterdiscoveringthatmanypeopledon'tknowwhatitis...”以及文中多

次出现的wpublicawareness”可知,很多人对cardooring这个问题重视不够。

10.What'stheauthor,sattitudetowardscardooring?

A.Enthusiastic.B.Ridiculous.

C.Neutral.D.Concerned.

答案D

解析观点态度题。cardooring导致诸多事故，而人们对此又了解不多，作者在字里行间表达了对这

一现象的担心。故选D。

六、Earthwormslyingonsidewalksorstreetsafteraheavyspringrainhasbecomeacommonplace,

butwhydotheydothis...andcouldthatbeatravelriskiness?Researcherssupposeseveralreasons

whyheavyrainstormsbringearthwormsoutoftheirsoilhomes.Foryearsscientistsseemedto

thinktheonlyreasonearthwormscametothesoilsurfaceafteragoodrainwastopreventdrowning

intheirwater-filledholesintheground.

“Thisisnottrueasearthwormsbreathethroughtheirskinsandactuallyrequirewetinthe

soiltodoso."saidDrChrisLowe,thelecturerinWasteandEnvironmentalManagement.Earthworms

areunabletodrownlikeahumanwould,andtheycanevensurviveseveraldaysfullygounder

thesurfaceofwater.

Soi1expertsnowthinkearthwormssurfaceduringrainstormsformigrationpurposes."Itgives

themanopportunitytomovegreaterdistancesacrossthesoilsurfacethantheycoulddothrough

soil."saidDrLowe."Theycan,tdothiswhenitisdrybecauseoftheirwetrequirements,

butduringunwateredconditions,lifeiscertainlymoredifficultforaworm.”^Earthwormsdig

deeperintothesoilwhereitiswetterwhenconditionsaredry,“saidProfessorMaryAnnBruns.

Anotherexplanationinvolvesraindropvibrations（震动）onthesoilsurfacesoundingsimilar

tovibrationofanimalswhoeatorkillearthworms,likethoseofmoles（露鼠）.Earthwormsoften

cometothesurfacetoescapemoles.uRaincansetupvibrationsontopofthesoillikemole

vibrations.”saidProfessorJosefGorres."Similartohowearthwormsmoveupwardsandoutof

thewaywhenpredatorvibrationsarefelt,theycouldmoveinasimilarwayforrainvibrations.”

Similarly,humanscreatevibrationstobilkwormsoutoftheirholesintheground；fishermen

runapieceofsteelorahandsaw（手锯）acrossthetopofastake,whichcausesarubbingsound

tooccurasthestakevibrates.Earthwormsarethenmovedtothesurface,muchtothefishermenJs

delight.

Earthwormsusetouchtocommunicateandinteract.Researchconfirmedthatsocialcuesamong

earthwormsinfluencebehavior.Exactlywhyearthwormshavecometoformgroupsisstillbeing

investigated,butitispossiblethatwormsgathertoprotectthemselves.Protectionfromweather

elementshasn,tbeenruledout.

16.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowDoEarthwormsGetRidofBeingAttacked?

B.HowDoEarthwormsCommunicateandInteract?

C.WhyDoEarthwormsSurfaceAfterRain?

D.HowDoEarthwormsSurfaceAfterRain?

答案C

解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述的是为什么蚯蚓会在雨后浮出来。故C项作本文标

题最佳。

17.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Earthwormsprotectthemselvesbyvibrations.

B.EarthwormsJbehaviorisinfluencedbytheirlivingplaces.

C.Earthwormssurfaceafterrainforsurvival.

D.It'snotsuitableforearthwormstobreatheindrysoil.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Thisisnottrueasearthwormsbreathethroughtheirskins

andactuallyrequirewetinthesoiltodoso.”可知，蚯蚓不能在干燥的土壤中呼吸。

18.Accordingtothepassage,heavyraincan.

A.destroyearthworms,home

B.makeearthwormsmovefarther

C.inspireearthwormstokeepfood

D.makeearthwormslivedeeper

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Itgivesthemanopportunitytomovegreaterdistanceacross

thesoilsurface”可知，大雨会使蚯蚓移动得更远。

19.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.molesliketoeatearthworms

B.earthwormsgetfoodthroughvibrationsfromeachother

C.toowetenvironmentscanmakeearthwormsdie

D.molevibrationsarethesameasearthwormvibrations

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第四段笫一句可知，殿鼠喜欢吃蚯蚓。

20.Theunderlinedword“bilk”canbereplacedby.

A.beatB.cheat

C.preventD.pull

答案B

解析词义猜测题。根据句意可知，人类创造振动，把虫子从洞里诱骗出来，所以该词的意思是“骗”。

故选B。

七、Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?Thengrabyourhikingbootsand

atent.Anewstudysuggeststhatacoupledaysofcampinginthegreatoutdoorscanresetyour

circadianclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.

Thecircadianclock,morecommonlyknownasthebodyclock,isaninternalsystemthattells

ourbodieswhenit'stimetogotosleepandwhenit'stimetogotowakeup.Scientiststrack

thisclock