2023届高三英语外刊时文诺亚方舟精读精练讲义

2023届高三英语外刊时文诺亚方舟精读精练讲义

内容摘要

ApaintingofNoah'sArk.TheOldTestamenttalehasnotonly

inspiredcountlessgenerationsofartists,butalsomorethana

centuryof"scientific"attemptstolocateremainsofthefabledvessel.

阅读理解

Formorethanacentury,peoplehavesoughttheOldTestamentvesselthatsurvivedthebiblicaldeluge.Archaeologistssay

it'safool'serrand.Noah'sArkisamongthebestknownandmostcaptivatingofallOldTestamentstories:Aftercreating

humans.GodbecamesodispleasedwiththemthathestruckEarthwithanall-encompassingfloodtowipethemout-with

onenoteworthy(andseaworthy)exception:thebiblicalpatriarchandhisfamily,accompaniedbypairsofeachoftheplanet's

animals,whorodeoutthedelugeinanenormouswoodenvessel.Forpeoplewhoacceptthereligioustextasahistorically

accurateaccountofactualevents,thehuntforarchaeologicalevidenceoftheArkisequallycaptivating,inspiringsome

intrepidfaithfultocombtheslopesofArmenia'sMt.Araratandbeyondfortracesofthewoodenvessel.Butsearchesforthe

Arkdraweverythingfromexasperationtodisdainfromacademicarchaeologistsandbiblicalscholars."Nolegitimate

archaeologistdoesthis."saysNationalGeographicExplorerJodiMagness,anarchaeologistattheUniversityofNorth

CarolinaatChapelHill,ofmodernsearchesforevidenceofNoah."Archaeologyisnottreasurehunting,"sheadds.Mlt'snot

aboutfindingaspecificobject.It'sasciencewherewecomeupwithresearchquestionsthatwehopetoanswerby

excavation.N

StoriesofdestructivefloodsandthosewhosurvivethempredatetheHebrewBible,theoldestpartsofwhicharethoughtto

havebeenwritteninthe8thcenturyB.C.Legendsaboutadelugethatdestroyscivilizationatthebehestofasupernatural

deitycanbefoundinmultipleMesopotamiantexts,fromtheEpicofGilgamesh,whichwaswrittenaroundtheearlysecond

millenniumB.C..toarecentlydecipheredBabyloniancuneiformtabletfromabout1750B.C.describinghowthearkwas

built.Couldthesefloodmythsbebasedinfact?•'Theredoesseemtobegeologicalevidencethattherewasamajorfloodin

theBlackSearegionabout7.500yearsago."saysNationalGeographicExplorerEricCline,anarchaeologistatGeorge

WashingtonUniversity.Butscientistsdisagreeontheextentofthatevent,justashistoriansoftheeradifferonwhether

writingsaboutadelugewereinspiredbyreallife.Itseemslikelierthatfloodsweresimplyexperiencedindifterentplacesand

atdifferenttimes—andthatthoseeventsnaturallymadetheirwayintotheworld'soralandwrittenlore."Wehavenowayof

placingNoah,ifhereallyexisted,andtheflood,iftherereallywasone.intimeandspace/'saysMagness."Th©onlywayyou

coulddeterminethatwouldbeIfyouhadanauthenticancientinscription"-andeventhen,shepointsout,suchan

inscriptioncouldrefertoanotherNoah,oranotherflood.Thathasn'tstoppedtheproliferationofpseudoarchaeotogythat

upholdstheBibleasliteraltruth.Thefruitlesssearchesareoftenalignedwithadherentsof“young-earthcroatlonism,*'the

beliefthat,despiteevidencetothecontrary.Earthisonlythousandsofyearsold.

Partoftheproblem,saysCline,isthatthepublichasunrealisticexpectationsofthedisciplineofarchaeology—andpopular

mediahighlightsthethrillofthechaseinsteadoftheslowaccretionofarchaeologicalknowledge."We'renotlikeIndiana

Jones.Mhesays."It'sascientificprocedure.Ifspainstaking.Butwhatexcitesusdoesnotnecessarilyexciteotherpeople.M

Inhisyoungeryears,saysCline,hespentsignificanttimeandenergyattemptingtorebutthepurportedbiblicalevidencethat

enchantsthepublicyearafteryear.Eventually,though,hequit-andnowfocuseshistimeonbothhisexpeditionsand

translatinghisresearchforthosewillingtoaccepttheresultsofthescientificprocess."Peoplearegonnabelievewhatthey

wanttobelieve,"hesighs.Thatwon'tchangeanytimesoon-sointhemeantime,he'sfocusedonunearthingan

18th-centuryB.C.CanaanitepalaceatTelKabriInwhatisnownorthernIsrael.Followingapandemic-relatedpauseon

fieldwork,heanticipatesreturningnextsummertocontinueexcavatingapaintedplasterfloorattheOldTestament-erasite.

•'Forus.thefloorisincrediblyimportant,becauseitshowsinternationalrelationsandcontactsfromalmost4.000yearsago.**

hesays,“It'snotNoah'sArk,butIt'sapaintedfloor."thearchaeologistsays,''whichisgoodenoughforme.”

Questions:

1.What'sarchaeologists1attitudetoseekthevesselthatsurvivedthe

biblicaldeluge?

A.It'sfoolish.

B.It'sinvain.

C.It'smeaningful.

2.WhyClinequitrebuttingthepurportedbiblicalevidence

thatenchantsthepublic?

A.Becauseheshiftsfocustoexpeditionsandshowingresearch

topeoplewhorespectforscience.

B.Becauseheknowstheydon'tbelievehiminanycase.

C.Becauseheisnolongeryoungandtiredofdoingthis.

结构分析

考古并韭身是通过也累来回答人G穆出的

P1:介的了诺亚方舟的传说，且人f］一直问料的一裨料学,而韭仅仅找到莫一特定物体

试图找到它，引起了考古学家的不满

诺亚方舟马大洪水在时闾和空间线上无法对反

吃对于诺亚方舟和大洪水是否M实存在

结构分析

产生分岐徽书不建设耀精圣经的II理性

CSne将专注于保防以及将研究成果解得给IB患

接受科学进程的人

他将继掾桎更旧的时代遢址的彩锭石青电板.

P3：问总在于公众对考古学抱有不切实际

的期望以及媒体不m重科学的过程这招黑的人翻了第4000年前的国除关系，SA

正■要的事

内容解读

Formorethanacentury,peoplehavesoughttheOldTestamentvessel

thatsurvivedthebiblicaldeluge.Archaeologistssayit'safooTs

errand.Noah/sArkisamongthebestknownandmostcaptivatingofallOld

Testamentstories:Aftercreatinghumans,Godbecamesodispleasedwith

themthathestruckEarthwithanall-encompassingfloodtowipethem

out-withonenoteworthy(andseaworthy)exception:thebiblicalpatriarch

andhisfamily,accompaniedbypairsofeachoftheplanet/sanimals,who

rodeoutthedelugeinanenormouswoodenvessel.Forpeoplewhoaccept

thereligioustextasahistoricallyaccurateaccountofactualevents,

thehuntforarchaeologicalevidenceoftheArkisequallycaptivating,

inspiringsomeintrepidfaithfultocombtheslopesofArmenia/sMt.Ararat

andbeyondfortracesofthewoodenvessel.ButsearchesfortheArkdraw

everythingfromexasperationtodisdainfromacademicarchaeologistsand

biblicalscholars,"Nolegitimatearchaeologistdoesthis,"saysNational

GeographicExplorerJodiMagness,anarchaeologistattheUniversityof

NorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ofmodernsearchesforevidenceof

Noah.aArchaeologyisnottreasurehunting/'sheadds."It'snotabout

findingaspecificobject.It/sasciencewherewecomeupwithresearch

questionsthatwehopetoanswerbyexcavation.H

■afool'serrand

蓑示“徒劳的事,白费力气的事〃,其中errand表示〃（短程的）差事,

跑腿〃,例如：

■Hesentmeonafool'serrand.他派我去干白费力的事。

•runanerrandforsomeone表示“为…跑腿,为…办事”

■Frankdriftedintorunningdodgyerrandsforaseedylocalvillain.弗

兰克开始为当地一个下流的恶人跑腿做坏事。

“““

■wipeout

蓑示“摧毁,毁灭,使灭绝〃,例如：

■ThespillcouldwipeouttheGulf'sturtlepopulation.这次原油泄漏

可能会使波斯湾的海龟灭绝。

wipe本身也是一个含义丰富的词汇，动词含义表示〃襟抗〃,例如：

■Whenhehadfinishedwashinghebegantowipethebasinclean.他

清洗完后开始把洗脸池擦拭干净。

名词含义表示”（一次性）湿巾”,例如：

•Non-allergenicwetbabywipesarebestforcleaningtheirsensitive

skin.最好使用防过敏的婴儿湿巾来擦拭婴儿的敏感皮肤。

>sth./sb.wipesthesmileoffsomeone'sface表示“让…笑容顿失,使…

丧失优势”

>wipethestateclean表示"翻开新的一页,重新开始"

■hunt

动词含义为主，可以表示“搜寻，寻找”,例如：

■Somenewarrivalslosehopeevenbeforetheystarthuntingforajob.

有些新来的人甚至没开始找工作就感到绝望了。

还可以表示“追踪,追捕（罪犯、敌人）”,例如：

Detectiveshavebeenhuntinghimforsevenmonths.侦探7个月来一

直在追捕他。

还可以表示“（人）打猎,（动物）猎食”，例如：

■Aleopardhuntsalone,andaninjuredleopardcannothunt.豹向来

单独猎食，所以如果受伤了就无法捕猎。

*,inthehuntforsth.表示"（参赛者）仍有机会赢”

*explore-,track、seek也可以表示“搜索,寻找”,注意区分:

hunt：一般指寻找所需的物件,或对罪犯的搜寻,特指追猎。

explore：一般指对未知事物或新生事物的探索、观察与研究。

track：侧重按一定线索追查出结果。

seek：多暗示做出很大努力去寻求某人或某物。

Storiesofdestructivefloodsandthosewhosurvivethempredatethe

HebrewBible,theoldestpartsofwhicharethoughttohavebeenwrittenin

the8thcenturyB.C.Legendsaboutadelugethatdestroyscivilizationatthe

behestofasupernaturaldeitycanbefoundinmultipleMesopotamiantexts,

fromtheEpicofGilgamesh,whichwaswrittenaroundtheearlysecond

millenniumB.C.,toarecentlydecipheredBabyloniancuneiformtabletfrom

about1750B.C.describinghowthearkwasbuilt.Couldthesefloodmythsbe

basedinfact?"Theredoesseemtobegeologicalevidencethattherewasa

majorfloodintheBlackSearegionabout7,500yearsago,"saysNational

GeographicExplorerEricCline,anarchaeologistatGeorgeWashington

University.Butscientistsdisagreeontheextentofthatevent,justas

historiansoftheeradifferonwhetherwritingsaboutadelugewereinspired

byreallife.Itseemslikelierthatfloodsweresimplyexperiencedindifferent

placesandatdifferenttimes—andthatthoseeventsnaturallymadetheir

wayintothewordsoralandwrittenlore.a\NehavenowayofplacingNoah,

ifhereallyexisted,andtheflood,iftherereallywasone,intimeand

space//saysMagness."Theonlywayyoucoulddeterminethatwouldbeif

youhadanauthenticancientinscription/,—andeventhen,shepointsout,

suchaninscriptioncouldrefertoanotherNoah,oranotherflood.That

hasn/tstoppedtheproliferationofpseudoarchaeologythatupholdsthe

Bibleasliteraltruth.Thefruitlesssearchesareoftenalignedwithadherents

of''young-earthcreationism/'thebeliefthat,despiteevidencetothe

contrary,Earthisonlythousandsofyearsold.

■atthebehestof

表示〃按…的吩咐，遵照…的命令〃，例如：

■In1970,athisnewwife'sbehest,theymovedtoSouthampton.1970

年，应他新任妻子的要求，他们搬到了南安普顿。

■extent

名词，可以表示〃程度，地步〃,例如：

■Thegovernmentitselfhaslittleinformationontheextentof

industrialpollution.政府本身几乎不了解工业污染的程度。

还可以表示〃范国，面积,大小〃、例如：

■Theircommitmentwasonlytomaintaintheextentofforests,not

theirbiodiversity.他们仅承诺维持现有森林面积，并不保证林区生物的多

样性。

>totheextentof/that表示"（强调）到…的地步,到…的程度〃

atowhat/thatextent表示“到何种/那种程度”

■authentic

形容词，表示“真正的,真实的,真诚的〃,例如：

■Shehasauthenticcharmwhereasmostpeoplesimplyhavenice

manners.她散发出真正的魅力，而大多数人只是举止优雅。

还可以表示〃（仿制品）以假乱真的〃,例如：

■Thecopyhemadeofthepaintingcanpassforanauthenticone.他I指

摹的画足以乱真。

还可以表示〃（信息或记述）准确的,可靠的〃,例如：

■Ihadobtainedtheauthenticdetailsaboutthebirthofthe

organization.我已经掌握了有关该组织诞生的可靠的详细资料。

■长难句分析

aLegendsaboutadelugethatdestroyscivilizationatthebehestofa

supernaturaldeitycanbefoundinmultipleMesopotamiantexts,fromthe

EpicofGilgamesh,whichwaswrittenaroundtheearlysecondmillennium

B.C.,toarecentlydecipheredBabyloniancuneiformtabletfromabout1750

B,C.describinghowthearkwasbuilt.

>本句主干部分为LegendscanbefoundinmultipleMesopotamian

texts.接下来填充结构,oboutodeluge介词短语作后置定语,修饰

legends；Mat引导同位语从句，对deluge进行解释说明。from...to…构

成的介词短语修饰Mesopotamj。/texts,在这里包含时间跨度,交代

TMesopotamiantexts在不同时期的表现形式;which引导的定语从句先

行词为theEpicofG〃games力,对其进行修饰限定;describing力owthe

arkwasba〃t现在分词作后置定语,修饰Babyloniancuneiformtablet.

Partoftheproblem,saysCline,isthatthepublichasunrealistic

expectationsofthedisciplineofarchaeology—andpopularmediahighlights

thethrillofthechaseinsteadoftheslowaccretionofarchaeological

knowledge,"We'renotlikeIndianaJones/'hesays."It'sascientific

procedure.It/spainstaking.Butwhatexcitesusdoesnotnecessarilyexcite

otherpeople."Inhisyoungeryears,saysCline,hespentsignificanttimeand

energyattemptingtorebutthepurportedbiblicalevidencethatenchantsthe

publicyearafteryear.Eventually,though,hequit-andnowfocuseshistime

onbothhisexpeditionsandtranslatinghisresearchforthosewillingto

accepttheresultsofthescientificprocess.aPeoplearegoingtobelievewhat

theywanttobelieve//hesighs.Thatwon'tchangeanytimesoon-sointhe

meantime;he'sfocusedonunearthingan18th-centuryB.C.Canaanite

palaceatTelKabriinwhatisnownorthernIsrael.Followinga

pandemic-relatedpauseonfieldwork,heanticipatesreturningnextsummer

tocontinueexcavatingapaintedplasterfloorattheOldTestament-era

site,"Forus,thefloorisincrediblyimportant,becauseitshowsinternational

relationsandcontactsfromalmost4,000yearsago,"hesays."It'snot

Noah/sArk,butit'sapaintedfloor/'thearchaeologistsays,“whichisgood

enoughforme.

■inthemeantime

兼示“在此期间,其间〃,例如：

>Eventuallyyourchildwillleavehometoleadherownlifeasafully

independentadult,butinthemeantimeshereliesonyoursupport.你的孩

子最终将长大成人，完全独立，离开家过自己的生活，不过在此期间她会

靠你帮助。

>forthemeantime表示"目前,眼下,暂时"

•ThePrimeMinisterhas,forthemeantime,seenoffthechallengeof

theopposition.首相目前已经经受住了反对派的挑战。

■unearth

动词，表示“发现，揭露”,例如：

■Researchershaveuneartheddocumentsindicatingherresponsibility

fortheforcedadoptionofchildren.调查人员已经发现了证明她对强制收

养儿童事件负有责任的文件。

还可以表示“发掘，挖掘（埋藏物）”,例如：

•Fossilhuntershaveunearthedthebonesofanelephantbelievedto

be500,000yearsold.化石搜集者们发掘出一具大象