河南省安阳市2021-2022学年高二下学期阶段性测试（五）英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页大联考2021—2022学年高二年级阶段性测试(五)英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Outsideabookshop.B.Outsideaclothesshop.C.Outsideapostoffice.2.Whenwillthemangotothecinema?A.OnSundaymorning.B.OnSundayafternoon.C.OnSundayevening.3.Whatcausedtheman’seyestobered?A.Sadness.B.Someeyedisease.C.Sand.4.Whatdoyouknowfromtheman’sreply?A.HelostLily’sbook.B.Hewasstressedbecauseofhiswork.C.Hewassurethatthebookcouldbefound.5.Whydoesthemanthinkhisapartmentisbeautiful?A.Hecanseetheparkfromit.B.Itisbigandclean.C.Thereisaparkingarea.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howcanthewomanremovethepaininherhand?A.Sheshouldquitherjob.B.Sheshouldtakesomemedicine.CSheshouldstoptypingforaperiodoftime.7.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Shecouldn’tbecured.B.Shedoesn’ttrustthedoctor.C.Shecan’tbalanceworkandhealth.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredidthemanhaveafall?A.Onthefootballfield.B.Inthebathroom.C.Intherestaurant.9.Whatisthemanaskedtodofirst?A.Haveadrink.B.Checktheinjury.C.Takeashower.10.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?A.Peterhadhisdirtyclotheswashed.B.Petergotcaughtinasuddenrain.C.Peter’steamlostthefootballgame.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whenwilltheadsbeposted?A.FromMondaytoFriday.B.OnSaturdaysandSundays.C.FromFridaythroughMonday.12.Wherewillthespeakersputtheads?A.OntheInternet.B.Inamagazine.C.OnTV.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’sidea?A.It’sconservative.B.It’sverygood.C.Itneedstobeimproved.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthegirldoing?A.Searchingforalostpet.B.Lookingforsomethingtoplaywith.C.Helpingthemanmakeaposter.15.WherewasCharlielastseenaccordingtotheman?A.Inthepark.B.Inthegirl’syard.C.Onthestreet.16.WhatdoweknowaboutCharlie?A.Heisveryyoung.B.Hehasbrowneyes.C.Hehaspooreyesight.17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Completestrangers.B.Neighbors.C.Bossandemployee.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Howlongistheroute?A.About1,700meters.B.About700kilometers.C.About1,700kilometers.19.WhatdidthebraveAlaskansbringtoNomein1925?A.Medicine.B.Water.C.Gold.20.Whatdomostofthedriversconsidertobeavictory?A.Winningtherace.B.Restingforfourhourseachday.C.Finishingtherace.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATennisatNYCParksOurcourtsareasvariedasourcity;somearequiet,andsomeareverybusy.Someareclaycourts,andsomearehardcourts.Someofferlessonsoryear-roundplay.Werecommendvisitingacourtbeforeyouplay,tounderstandthecultureofyourlocaltenniscommunityandtomakesurethatthecourtisrightforyou.ApermitisneededtouseanoutdoorcourtfromthefirstSaturdayinApriltotheSundaybeforeThanksgiving.Full-seasonpermitsforadults,ages18to61,costonly$100ayear,anddiscountsareavailableforseniors,kids,andteens.Youcanpurchaseanewtennispermitonline,orifyouhavepurchasedapermitinthepast,youcaneasilyrenewyourpermit.Seasonaltennispermitsareissuedonanannualbasis,andmaybeusedforunlimitedplayduringthetennisseasonforwhichtheywereissuedinone-hourincrementsforsinglesplayandtwo-hourincrementsfordoublesplay.Intheeventaseasonaltennispermitislost,aduplicate(复制的)permitmaybeobtainedfor$15.Seasonaltennispermitsmaynotbetransferredorresold.Don’tneedafull-seasonpermit?Youcanpurchaseasingle-playpermitfor$15.Asingle-playpermitallowsyoutoplayatanytenniscourtforonehour.Citycourtsthatarenotinuseareavailableforwalk-onplay,butatpopularcourts,youmaywanttoreserveacourtinadvance.Manycourtsallowuserstosignupon-siteforsame-dayreservations.Atafewpopularcourts,weallowplayerstomakeonlinereservationsuptosevendaysinadvance.Beforeheadingtoacourt,makesurethatyouwearsmooth-soledtennisshoes,anduseamaximumofsixtennisballsoneachcourt.Mostcourtsareopenfrom8:00a.m.todusk,exceptCentralParkwherecourtsopenat7:00a.m.andRandall’sIslandwherecourtsopenat7:00a.m.andcloseat7:00p.m.1.Whatissuggestedbytheauthor?A.Attendingsomelessons. B.Playingatvariouscourts.C.Buyingasingle-playpermit. D.Selectingapropercourtfirst.2.Whatcanweknowaboutthepermits?A.Lostseasonaltennispermitscanbereplaced.B.Teenscangetdiscountswhenbuyinganypermit.CAsingle-playpermitallowsthebuyertoplayforaday.D.Seasonaltennispermitscanbegiftedtoanotherperson.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Skillsinplayingtenniswell. B.Somerulesaboutusingacourt.C.Theopenhoursofdifferentcourts. D.Waystomakeadvancereservations.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了NYCParks网球场场馆的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据首段中的“Werecommendvisitingacourtbeforeyouplay,tounderstandthecultureofyourlocaltenniscommunityandtomakesurethatthecourtisrightforyou.(我们建议您在比赛前参观球场，了解当地网球社区的文化，并确保球场适合您)”可知，作者建议打网球之前先去看场地，确保场地适合自己。由此可知，作者建议首先挑选一块适合自己的场地。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Intheeventaseasonaltennispermitislost,aduplicate(复制的)permitmaybeobtainedfor$15.Seasonaltennispermitsmaynotbetransferredorresold.(如果丢失了季节性网球许可证，可以花15美元获得许可证的副本。季节性网球许可证不得转让或转售)”可知，如果季节性许可证丢失，可以花费15美元获得一个复制的许可证。故选A项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Beforeheadingtoacourt,makesurethatyouwearsmooth-soledtennisshoes,anduseamaximumofsixtennisballsoneachcourt.Mostcourtsareopenfrom8:00a.m.todusk,exceptCentralParkwherecourtsopenat7:00a.m.andRandall’sIslandwherecourtsopenat7:00a.m.andcloseat7:00p.m.(在前往球场之前，确保你穿着光滑的网球鞋，并在每个球场最多使用六个网球。大多数法院从早上8点到傍晚开放，除了中央公园法院早上7点开放，兰德尔岛法院早上7点开放，晚上7点关闭)”可知，该段介绍了网球鞋的要求，网球使用的数量，开放时间等信息。由此可知，最后一段介绍的是一些使用网球馆的相关制度。故选B项。BIwashikingwithSamandKyletoshowthemacliffwheretheycouldfeeltheseasprayontheirfaces.Iknewtheareacouldbedangerous,butIwasnotworriedforIhadhikedtheremanytimes.Wesatinthesunandwatchedthewavesthrowthemselvesagainsttherock.ThenIcrept(爬)uptotheedge,Kylerightbehindme.Ifoundaseat-shapedplaceandsatdownwithmuchcontentment.WhenKylecamenear,Igavehimmyplace.HesettledinandImovedafewfeetoverwherethesmoothrockhadnoholds.Suddenly,amonstrouswavecame.Ifeltmyselfstartingtoslide.Thewaterwashedmeoffthecliffandforcedmeunder.Iscreamedforhelp.Iswamhardfortheshore.IwasnotastrongswimmerbutItriedrimmingforshoreanyway,battlingthewarmwaterthebestIcould.Soon,Irealizedtheseahadsweptmefartherout.“Sam!”Iyelled.“Kyle,helpmeandsendahelicopter!”Afteraboutthirtyminutes,Isawahelicopter.IcouldseeSamandKylelookinganxiouslyfromit.Myeyeslitupandmyheartmissedabeat.Thehelicopterbuzzedoverhead,andthenkeptongoing.Ifloatedonmybacktomakemyselfmorevisible,mybodypaleincontrasttothedarkerocean.Whenthehelicoptercamebyagain,Imovedmyarmsandlegsdesperatelytoattracttheirattention.Again,thehelicopterdisappeared.Helpless,Istaredindisbeliefastheymissedseeingmetwiceinarow.DecidingthatIneededtosavemyenergy,Icontinuedfloatingonmybackandclosedmyeyes.Gradually,anoisegrewlouder.Isoonrealizedahelicopterwasoverhead.Thecrewhadseenme,butitmightbetoolate.Wavesofexhaustionoverwhelmedme.Mylegmusclestighteneduncontrollably.“Thisisit,”Ithought,asIgaveuptotheweightthatwaspullingmedown.Then,Ifeltastrongarmwrapacrossmychestandturnedtoseearescuediver.HeaskedmeifIwasalright.ThenextthingIknewwasthatIwasintheair.Thewavesthathadjustbeenbigenoughtokillmesuddenlyseemedsmall.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthorinparagraph2?A.Curiousandcareful. B.Happyandrelaxed.C.Proudbutdisappointed. D.Anxiousbutsatisfied.5.Whycouldn’ttheauthorswimbacktoshore?A.Hemetwithfastwind. B.Hecouldn’tperformhisbest.C.Hewasnotastrongswimmer. D.Hewasnotusedtothewarmwater.6.Whatdidtheauthordotoincreasehischancesofbeingseenbythepassinghelicopter?A.Hetriedtopreservehisenergy. B.Hemadehisarmspale.C.Heyelledatthehelicopter. D.Hefloatedonhisback.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sthought“Thisisit”mean?A.Thedisastercametoanendasexpected. B.Hefinallygottherescueheneededbadly.C.Hewasconvincedhewasabouttodrown. D.Thewaveswerenotbigenoughtokillhim.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者掉落大海，就在想要放弃的时候最终获救的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Wesatinthesunandwatchedthewavesthrowthemselvesagainsttherock.ThenIcrept(爬)uptotheedge,Kylerightbehindme.Ifoundaseat-shapedplaceandsatdownwithmuchcontentment.WhenKylecamenear,Igavehimmyplace.HesettledinandImovedafewfeetoverwherethesmoothrockhadnoholds.(我们坐在阳光下，看着海浪拍打着岩石。然后我爬到边缘，凯尔紧跟在我后面。我找了个椅子形状的地方，心满意足地坐了下来。当凯尔走近时，我把我的位置让给了他。他坐了下来，我移了几英尺，那里光滑的岩石没有支撑点)”可推知，作者在岩石上并不害怕，感到愉快且放松。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“IwasnotastrongswimmerbutItriedrimmingforshoreanyway,battlingthewarmwaterthebestIcould.Soon,Irealizedtheseahadsweptmefartherout.(我不是一个游泳健将，但我还是试着向岸边游去，尽我所能与温暖的海水搏斗。很快，我意识到大海把我冲得更远了)”可知，作者不能游回岸边的原因是他不是一个游泳健将。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ifloatedonmybacktomakemyselfmorevisible,mybodypaleincontrasttothedarkerocean.(为了让自己更显眼，我仰面漂浮着，我的身体在黑暗的海洋中显得苍白)”可知，作者通过仰面漂浮来增加他被直升机看到的机会。故选D项。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Mylegmusclestighteneduncontrollably.‘Thisisit,’Ithought,asIgaveuptotheweightthatwaspullingmedown.(我的腿部肌肉无法控制地紧绷起来。“就是这样了，”我想，我屈服于那把我往下拉的重量)”中“Mylegmusclestighteneduncontrollably”和“Igaveup”可推知，作者已经筋疲力竭，无法抗争了，所以“Thisisit(就是这样了)”是指他认为自己快要淹死了。故选C项。CPandasonlyconsumebamboo—apoorqualitydietlowinfat.Buttheyappeartohaveevolvedtogetthemostoutofwhattheyeat,accordingtoanewstudy.Theirgutbacteria(肠道细菌)changeinlatespringandearlysummerwhenbambooisatitsmostnutritious—whileit’ssproutingprotein-richgreenshoots.Thebacteriamakethepandasgainmoreweightandstoremorefat,whichresearcherssaidmaycompensateforalackofnutrientslaterintheyear,whenbambooplantshaveonlyfibrousleaves.“We’veknownthesepandashaveadifferentsetofgutmicrobiotaduringtheshoot-eatingseasonforalongtime,andit’sveryobviousthattheyarechubbierduringthistimeoftheyear,”saidleadstudyauthorGuangpingHuang,aresearcherattheChineseAcademyofSciences.Toinvestigatehowthegutbacteriacouldaffectapanda’smetabolism(新陈代谢),theteamfirstcollectedthefees(排泄物)ofeightwildgiantpandasduringbothleaf-eatingseasonandshoot-eatingseasonandthenexaminedhowthefecessamplesdiffered.TheyfoundthatabacteriumcalledClostridiumbutyricumwasmoreabundantinthepandas’gutsduringtheseasonwhentheyenjoythefreshbambooshoots.Then,theresearchersputthepandafecesintolabmice.Thentheyfedthemiceforthreeweekswithabamboo-baseddietthatwassimilartowhatpandaseat.Whilemiceareverydifferentfrompandas,itwasn’tpossibletorunsuchtestsonendangeredanimals,saidWeiFuwen,aco-authorofthestudy.“Micehaveproventobeaneffectivemodelforstudyingthefunctionofthegutmicrobiota,”Weisaid.Researchersfoundmicewithpandafecescollectedduringshoot-eatingseasongainedsignificantlymoreweight,despiteconsumingthesameamountoffood.“Thegutbacteriaweretheonlyvariable(变量)inthisresearch,”Weiexplained.FelixSommer,ascientistinGermany,notedthatthenumberofpandasinvolvedinthestudywassmallandtheexperimenthadonlybeenperformedonce.Sommer,whohasconductedsimilarresearchonhibernatingbrownbears,alsostressedtheresearchershadnotfoundacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenthebacteriaandweighgain.8.Thebacteriainpanda’sgutchangeinearlysummerto______.A.makepandasgetthemostoutoftheirfood B.increasepandas’physicaldesireforfoodC.helppandasdigestfoodhighinfat D.makepandasdevelopslower9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chubbier”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Taller. B.Friendlier. C.Smarter. D.Fatter.10.WhatdidWeiFuwenthinkofthemiceinthestudy?A.Theywillbecomeendangered. B.Theyareverysimilartopandas.C.Theywerevariablesintheresearch. D.Theywereagoodsubstituteforpandas.11.What’sFelixSommer’sattitudetowardsthefindingofthestudy?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Uncaring. D.Unclear.【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究者分析熊猫的肠道菌群发现了熊猫只吃竹子却能长得很胖的原因。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theirgutbacteria(肠道细菌)changeinlatespringandearlysummerwhenbambooisatitsmostnutritious—whileit’ssproutingprotein-richgreenshoots.(它们的肠道细菌在春末夏初发生变化，此时是竹子最有营养的时候，也是它长出富含蛋白质的嫩芽的时候)”可知，在初夏竹子最有营养的时候，熊猫肠道内的菌群发生了改变，结合“Thebacteriamakethepandasgainmoreweightandstoremorefat,whichresearcherssaidmaycompensateforalackofnutrientslaterintheyear,whenbambooplantshaveonlyfibrousleaves.(这种细菌会使大熊猫增重并储存更多脂肪，研究人员表示，这可能会弥补今年晚些时候竹子只长出纤维状叶子时缺乏的营养)”可知，研究者发现，这些菌群使得大熊猫更好地吸收食物中的营养，充分利用食物，从而弥补晚些时候营养的不足。由此推知，在初夏，大熊猫肠道内的菌群改变使得大熊猫更充分的利用营养。故选A项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“We’veknownthesepandashaveadifferentsetofgutmicrobiotaduringtheshoot-eatingseasonforalongtime,(我们早就知道这些熊猫在吃笋季节有一组不同的肠道微生物群)”并结合第二段中的“Thebacteriamakethepandasgainmoreweightandstoremorefat,whichresearcherssaidmaycompensateforalackofnutrientslaterintheyear,whenbambooplantshaveonlyfibrousleaves.(这种细菌会使大熊猫增重并储存更多脂肪，研究人员表示，这可能会弥补今年晚些时候竹子只长出纤维状叶子时缺乏的营养)”可知，大熊猫在竹子长出嫩芽时节，肠道菌群发生变化，熊猫能充分吸收更多的营养，体内储存更多的脂肪。由此可知，大熊猫变胖是很明显的，所以划线单词的意思应该是“变胖”。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whilemiceareverydifferentfrompandas,itwasn’tpossibletorunsuchtestsonendangeredanimals,saidWeiFuwen,aco-authorofthestudy.“Micehaveproventobeaneffectivemodelforstudyingthefunctionofthegutmicrobiota,”Weisaid.(该研究的合著者WeiFuwen说，虽然老鼠与熊猫有很大的不同，但在濒危动物身上进行这样的测试是不可能的。“老鼠已经被证明是研究肠道微生物群功能的有效模型，”魏说)”可知，WeiFuwen认为这类实验不能在濒危动物身上进行，而且老鼠已经被证明是研究肠道菌群功能方面的一个有效样本。由此推知，WeiFuwen认为老鼠是这次研究中熊猫的一个很好的替代品。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段“FelixSommer,ascientistinGermany,notedthatthenumberofpandasinvolvedinthestudywassmallandtheexperimenthadonlybeenperformedonce.Sommer,whohasconductedsimilarresearchonhibernatingbrownbears,alsostressedtheresearchershadnotfoundacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenthebacteriaandweighgain.(德国科学家FelixSommer指出，参与这项研究的大熊猫数量很少，而且实验只进行了一次。对冬眠的棕熊进行过类似研究的Sommer也强调，研究人员还没有发现细菌和体重增加之间的因果关系)”可知，FelixSommer注意到研究中涉及到的熊猫的数量较少，而且实验只做了以此，他还强调这些研究者们并未发现肠道菌群与体重增加之间存在着因果关系。由此推知，他对这项研究成果持怀疑态度。故选B项。DThisweekthePortugueseparliamentattractedheadlinesaroundtheworldafterwebannedbossesfromcontactingtheiremployeesoutsideofworkinghours.Underthenewlaws,employerswillnowfacepunishmentiftheytext-message,phoneoremailtheirworkerswhentheyareofftheclock.Thereshouldbeaboundarybetweenthetimeinwhichaworkerisaresourceintheserviceofthepersonpayingtheirsalary,andthetimeinwhichtheyshouldbetheownerofalifethatisnotallaboutwork.Wehaveintroducedthesenewlabourlawstoavoidtheblurring(模糊)oftheboundaryneededforagoodwork-lifebalance.Intheageoftheindustrialrevolution,workerscouldbelittlemorethanworkers.Thedemandforshorterworkinghourswasacentraltenetofthelabourmovementfromtheverybeginning.Longworkinghourscancausepoorhealth.Theworryhasbeenthattheriseofremoteworkingisthreateningtotakeusbacktothatperiodbeforetradeunionswonprotectionsfortheirmembers,whentheworkingdaystretchedoutendlessly.Remoteworkinghastobestepforward,notastepback.Whenmoreandmoreofusareworkingremotely,itisallthemoreessentialtoestablishclearboundaries.Labourmarketregulationcannotignoretheinequalitybetweentheparties:employersandemployees.Aworkrelationisnotonebetweenequalsthatcanbefreelyregulatedbytheindividualcontract.Betweentheweakandthestrong,thestatemustbeinvolvedtoregainthebalance.Inanunequalrelationshipsuchasthatbetweenbossandworker,itisnotenoughtoestablishthelatterhasa“righttodisconnect”;toswitchofftheirmobilephone,closetheirlaptop,orignorephonecallsthatarriveinthemiddleofdinnerwiththeirfamily.Anyabusethatconflictswiththatrightmustbestoppedthroughpunishment.Thisiswhywehaveprohibitedemployersfromcontactingworkersoutsideworkinghours,andimposedpotentialfinesforbreakingtherules.12.What’sthepurposeofthenewlaws?A.Tomakeworkersserveothersmoreefficiently.B.Toincreaseworkers’timeremainingfortheenjoymentoflife.C.Tostrengthentheboundariesbetweenworkingtimeandpersonaltime,D.Toencouragebossestoprovidebetterworkingenvironmentsfortheirworkers.13.Whatresultdoesremoteworkingbring?A.Itisthreateningtomakeusworklonger. B.Itismoretiringthanworkinginanoffice.C.Itfreesworkersfromunnecessarytasks. D.Itisastepforwardinestablishingclearboundaries.14.Whyarenewlawsneedednowthatworkershavetherighttodisconnect?A.Workersshouldbepaidfortheirextrawork.B.Therelationshipbetweenbossandworkerisunequal.C.Manyworkershavenotsignedcontractwiththeirbosses.D.Bosseshavetoomanywaystosendmessagestotheirworkers.15Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.RemoteWorkingMakestheProtectionofWorkersNecessaryandUrgentB.PortugueseWorkers’RighttoDisconnectHasBeenLargelyStrengthenedC.LawsStoppedPortugal’sBossesContactingStaffOutsideWorkHoursD.LawsProtectingtheRelationshipBetweenPartiesWerePassedinPortugal【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章介绍了本周葡萄牙议会通过的一项法律：禁止老板在工作时间以外联系员工，文章讨论了这个法律出台的必要性。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thereshouldbeaboundarybetweenthetimeinwhichaworkerisaresourceintheserviceofthepersonpayingtheirsalary,andthetimeinwhichtheyshouldbetheownerofalifethatisnotallaboutwork.Wehaveintroducedthesenewlabourlawstoavoidtheblurring(模糊)oftheboundaryneededforagoodwork-lifebalance.(在工人为支付他们工资的人服务的时间和他们应该成为不全是工作的生活的主人的时间之间应该有一个界限。我们已经引入了这些新的劳动法，以避免模糊工作与生活平衡所需的界限。)”可知，葡萄牙议会刚出台的法律的目的是为了加强明确工作时间和个人时间之间的界限，故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“Longworkinghourscancausepoorhealth.Theworryhasbeenthattheriseofremoteworkingisthreateningtotakeusbacktothatperiodbeforetradeunionswonprotectionsfortheirmembers,whentheworkingdaystretchedoutendlessly.(长时间工作会导致健康状况不佳。人们一直担心，远程工作的兴起可能会把我们带回到工会为其成员争取保护之前的那个时代，那时的工作日是无止境的。)”可知，因为远程工作的兴起，员工的工作时间被拉长，这必定会威胁到员工的身体健康状况。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Labourmarketregulationcannotignoretheinequalitybetweentheparties:employersandemployees.Aworkrelationisnotonebetweenequalsthatcanbefreelyregulatedbytheindividualcontract.Betweentheweakandthestrong,thestatemustbeinvolvedtoregainthebalance.(劳动力市场监管不能忽视双方：雇主和雇员之间的不平等。工作关系不是一种可以由个人合同自由调节的平等关系。在弱者和强者之间，国家必须参与进来，以恢复平衡。)”，最后一段“Inanunequalrelationshipsuchasthatbetweenbossandworker,itisnotenoughtoestablishthelatterhasa‘righttodisconnect’;toswitchofftheirmobilephone,closetheirlaptop,orignorephonecallsthatarriveinthemiddleofdinnerwiththeirfamily.Anyabusethatconflictswiththatrightmustbestoppedthroughpunishment.Thisiswhywehaveprohibitedemployersfromcontactingworkersoutsideworkinghours,andimposedpotentialfinesforbreakingtherules.(在一种不平等的关系中，比如老板和工人之间，仅仅确立后者有‘断绝联系的权利’是不够的：关掉手机，关掉笔记本电脑，或者忽略与家人共进晚餐时打来的电话。任何与这一权利相冲突的滥用都必须通过惩罚加以制止。这就是为什么我们禁止雇主在工作时间以外联系工人，并对违反规定的人处以可能的罚款)”可知，员工有权在工作时间之外切断来自老板的联系，但依旧需要法律来维护员工的权力，是因为两者的关系是一种不平等的关系，老板会滥用权力。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“ThisweekthePortugueseparliamentattractedheadlinesaroundtheworldafterwebannedbossesfromcontactingtheiremployeesoutsideofworkinghours.Underthenewlaws,employerswillnowfacepunishmentiftheytext-message,phoneoremailtheirworkerswhentheyareofftheclock.(本周，葡萄牙议会因禁止老板在工作时间以外联系员工而登上了世界各地的头条。根据新法律，如果雇主在员工下班时间给他们发短信、打电话或发电子邮件，他们将面临处罚。)”可知，本文介绍了葡萄牙的一项新的法律：禁止老板在工作时间以外联系员工，文章讨论了这个法律出台的必要性。C项“法律禁止葡萄牙老板在工作时间以外联系员工”适合作文章标题。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Apersuasivespeechisaspeechdesignedtoconvincesomeonetobelieveordosomething.Itisonecommonexercisethatteachersgivetostudentsincommunicationorspeechclasses.Let’slookatwhatmakesaneffectivepersuasivespeech.Chooseagoodtopic.First,youshouldchooseatopicyouknowsomethingaboutorhaveresearchedwelltoprepareforyourspeech.____16____Itwouldnotbelogicaltospeakaboutafactrecognizedbyeverybody.Itisalsobesttochooseasubjectyourlistenerscareaboutorcanacton.Doyouseepeopleinyourtownlittering?Youcanexpectthattheycareabouthowthetownappears,orthattheycanchangetheiractions.So,givingaspeechaboutwhylitteringharmsyourtown’sappearancemightpersuadepeoplewhodoittostop.____17____Youshouldconsideryourlistenersasyouplanyourspeech.Whatdotheyvalue?Thinkingofthethingsyourlistenersvaluewillhelpyouformargumentsinyourspeech.Ifyouwantthemtostopeatingunhealthyfoods,forexample,youmayappealtothevalueoftheirappearance.____18____Organizeyourspeech.Afteryouplanthesubject,youshouldmakeanoutlineofyourspeech.Startwithanattention-gettingstatement.____19____Listthepointsyouwanttomakeandthinkofhowtoanswerargumentsagainstyourposition.Finishwithacalltoaction.Concludeyourspeechwithacalltoactionthatsummarizeswhatyoutoldyouraudienceandwhatyouhopetheydonext.Finally,practiceathomeuntilyouneedonlyanotecardwithyourmainpointsonitwhenyougivethespeech.____20____A.Knowyouraudience.B.Addresstheoppositeviewpoint.C.Yourconclusionshouldbrieflymentionyourmainpointsagain.D.Donotplantoreadthespeechwordforwordfromapaper.E.Makesureitisasubjectaboutwhichpeoplehavedifferentopinions.F.Thenexplainyourmainideaandgiveevidencetosupportyourargument.G.Youwilltalkabouthowhealthyfoodsresultingood-lookingskinandanattractivebody.【答案】16.E17.A18.G19.F20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了如何准备有效的说服性演讲。【16题详解】上文“First,youshouldchooseatopicyouknowsomethingaboutorhaveresearchedwelltoprepareforyourspeech.(首先，你应该选择一个你了解或研究过的话题来准备你的演讲)”讲要选择话题，下文“Itwouldnotbelogicaltospeakaboutafactrecognizedbyeverybody.(谈论一个大家都认可的事实是不合逻辑的)”讲不能选择大家都认可的事实作为话题，E项“Makesureitisasubjectaboutwhichpeoplehavedifferentopinions.(确保这是一个人们有不同观点的话题)”承上启下，与下文语意一致。故选E项。【17题详解】设空处是段首主题句。根据下文“Youshouldconsideryourlistenersasyouplanyourspeech.Whatdotheyvalue?Thinkingofthethingsyourlistenersvaluewillhelpyouformargumentsinyourspeech.(你在计划演讲时应该考虑听众。他们看重什么？弄清听众看重的东西会帮助你在演讲中形成论点)”可知，本段主要讲要了解自己的听众，所以A项“Knowyouraudience.(了解你的听众)”是本段主题句。故选A项。【18题详解】上文“Ifyouwantthemtostopeatingunhealthyfoods,forexample,youmayappealtothevalueoftheirappearance.(例如，如果你想让他们停止吃不健康的食物，你可能会呼吁他们重视外表)”提出以健康食物和外表的关系为切入点，G项“Youwilltalkabouthowhealthyfoodsresultingood-lookingskinandanattractivebody.(你去谈健康的食物是如何让你拥有漂亮的皮肤和迷人的身材的)”给出具体演讲内容，上下文语意一致。故选G项。【19题详解】上文“Startwithanattention-gettingstatement.(以一个引人入胜的陈述开始)”讲如何开场，F项“Thenexplainyourmainideaandgiveevidencetosupportyourargument.(然后阐述你的主要观点，并给出证据来支持你的论点)”讲开场后去阐述观点并进行论证，这演讲的流程，上下文衔接自然，照应本段主题“Organizeyourspeech.(组织你的演讲)”。故选F项。【20题详解】上文“Finally,practiceathomeuntilyouneedonlyanotecardwithyourmainpointsonitwhenyougivethespeech.(最后，在家里练习，直到你在演讲时只需要一张写有要点的卡片)”提出要练习演讲，最终要达到只需有要点提示的卡片即可，即说明不要逐字逐句去读演讲稿，D项“Donotplantoreadthespeechwordforwordfromapaper.(不要计划逐字逐句地读演讲稿)”不能逐字逐句地读稿，上下文语意一致。故选D项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onceuponatime,therewasasmallboycalledKunta.Oneday,whenhewaswalkingalongtheriverbank,hefoundacrocodile____21____inafishingnet.Thecrocodileaskedtheboyfor____22____.Theboywascautiousaboutthecrocodilebecausethecrocodilewasabletomoveits____23____.“Comenearer,please,”____24____thecrocodile.“I____25____nottoeatyou.”The____26____boydecidedtobehelpfultothecrocodile.____27____,theboytookasteptowardsthecrocodile.Ashe____28____topullthenetofftheanimal,thecrocodileinstantlyseizedits____29____bythearmwithitsteeth.“Isthishowyou_____30_____mygoodness?Withevil?”protestedtheboy.Withitsteethstillholdingontotheboy’sarm,thecrocodilespoke_____31_____thatthatwasthewayoftheworld.Theboydidnot_____32_____thecrocodile’sviewoftheworldandaskedthecrocodilenottoeathim.Aftersomethought,thecrocodileagreednotto_____33_____himwithoutgettingtwo_____34_____frompassers-by.First,cameanolddonkey.Whentheboyaskedthedonkey,hetoldthemthathismasterhaddrivenhimoutfromthefarmforthelionstoeatashewasoldandhadlostthe_____35_____toworkinthefieldsanymore.“See?”saidthecrocodile.Thenalongcameamousedeer.Thecrocodileaskedthemousedeerforitsopinion.Themousedeer_____36_____thathecouldnotunderstandwhatthecrocodilewasaskingandhadhim_____37_____hisquestionclearly.Inordertodothat,thecrocodileopenedhismouthtospeak.Thatwaswhentheboy_____38_____thejawsofthecrocodile.Theboywas_____39_____tothemousedeerforhelpinghimandbroughtitbacktohisvillage,promisingto_____40_____itforaslongasitlived.21.A.dropped B.trapped C.abandoned D.raised22.A.explanation B.company C.instruction D.assistance23.A.head B.tail C.eyes D.legs24A.begged B.ordered C.warned D.declared25.A