高级英语第三版第一册课后答案解析1,3,4,6,7,9

./高英课内考点：第一课：Paraphrasewe’reelevated23feet.Ourhouseis23feetabovesealevel.Theplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Thehousewasbuiltin1915,andsincethennohurricanehasdoneanydamagetoit.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.Thegeneratorwasdoused,andthelightswentout.Watergotintothegenerator,itstoppedworking.Asaresultalllightswereputout.Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!Everyonegooutthroughthebackdoorandgetintothecars!6、Theelectricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater.Theelectricalsystemsinthecarshadbeendestroyedbywater.Johnwatchedthewaterlapatthesteps,andfeltacrushingguilt.AsJohnwatchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongsenseofguiltbecauseheblamedhimselfforendangeringthefamilybymakingthewrongdecisionnottofleeinland.Getusthroughthismess,willYou?Oh,God,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisdangeroussituation.Shecarriedonaloneforafewbars;thenhervoicetrailedaway.Shesangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegraduallygrewdimmerandstopped.Janishadjustonedelayedreaction.Janisdidn’tshowanyfearonthespotduringthestorm,butsherevealedherfeelingscausedbythestormafewnightsafterthehurricanebygettingupinthemiddleofthenightandcryingsoftly.英译汉：But,likethousandsofothersinthecoastalcommunities,Johnwasreluctanttoabandonhishomeunlessthefamilyhiswife,Janis,andtheirsevenchildren,aged3to11wasclearlyendangered.但是,和住在沿岸的其他成千上万的居民一样,约翰不愿舍弃家园,除非他的亲人妻子珍妮丝和他们的七个孩子,大的十一岁,小的才三岁明显处于危险之中。TheFrenchdoorsinanupstairsroomblewinwithanexplosivesound,andthegroupheardgun-likereportsasotherupstairswindowsdisintegrated.随着一声巨响,楼上的一个房间里的法式双开门砰的一声被风吹倒了。大家听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的像开枪一样的啪啪的响声。Frightened,breathlessandwet,thegroupsettledonthestairs,whichwereprotectedbytwointeriorwalls.大家都吓坏了,喘不过气来了,全身都湿透了。他们坐在楼梯上,楼梯的两侧有内墙保护。Everyoneknewtherewasnoescape;theywouldliveordieinthehouse.谁都清楚已经无路可逃,是死是活他们只能留在房子里了。Amomentlater,thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.过了一会儿,一阵强风把整个屋顶掀到了空中,将其抛到了40英尺之外。Initsconcentratedbreadthofsome70milesitshotoutwindsofnearly200mphandraisedtidesashighas30feet.在飓风中心约70英里宽的范围内,风速接近每小时200英里,掀起的海浪高达30英尺。Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees,andblown-downpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads.未被飓风刮倒的树上像结彩似的挂满被风撕成布条的衣服,吹断的的电线像黑色的意大利面条一样一圈一圈地散落在路面上。Itcouldhavebeendepressing,butitwasn’t:eachsalvageditemrepresentedalittlevictoryoverthewrathofthestorm.在废墟里寻找残留物品本应会令人沮丧,可事实上并非如此,因为每一件未被毁的东西都代表他们战胜狂风的一个小小的胜利。第三课：ParaphraseThewordsspatforthwithsuddensavagery,allpretenseofblandnessgone.Ogilviesaidthesewordswithgreatcontemptandsuddenrudenessasifhewasspitting.Hethrewawayhispretendedpoliteness.Whentheyfindwhodonethatlastnight,whokilledthatkidanditsmother,thenhigh--tailedit,they’llthrowthebook,andnevermindwhoinhits,orwhethertheygotfancytitlesneither.Whenthefindwhokilledthemotherandthekidandthenranaway,they’lldealoutthemaximumpunishment,andtheywillnotcarewhowillbepunishedinthiscaseorwhattheirsocialpositionis.TheDuchessofCroydonthreeandahalfofinbredarrogancebehindherdidnotyieldeasily.TheDuchesswassupportedbyherarrogancecomingfromhernoblefamilywhohadbelongedtothenobilityformotethanthreehundredyears.Soshedidnotgiveineasily.Eventheself--assuranceofOgilvieflickedforaninstant.TheDuchesswasagoodactressandsheappearedsofirmabouttheirinnocencethat,forabriefmoment,Ogilviefeltunsureifhisassumptionaboutthemwasright.Butthemomentwasveryshortandpassedquickly.Thehousedetectivetookhistime,leisurelypuffingacloudofbluecigarsmoke,hiseyessardonicallyontheDuchessasifchallengingherobjection.Thehousedetectivewasinnohurry.Heenjoyedhiscigarandpuffedacloudofbluecigarsmokeinarelaxedmanner.Atthesametime,hiseyeswerefixeddisdainfullyontheDuchessasifhewasopenlydaringhertoobjecttohissmokingacigar,ashehaddoneearlier.Thereain’tmuch,outoftheway,whichpeoplewhostayinthishoteldo,Idon’tgettohearabout.Ifanybodywhostaysinthishoteldoesanythingwrong,improperorunusual,Ialwaysgettoknowaboutit.Thereisn’tmuchthatcanescapeme.TheDuchessofCroydonkeptfirm,tightreinonherracingmind.TheDuchesskeptfirmandtightcontrolofhermindwhichisworkingquickly.TheDuchessisthinkingquickly,butatthesametimekeepingherthoughtsundercontrol.Andwhentheystoppedforpetrol,astheywouldhaveto,theirspeechandmannerwouldbetraythem,makingthemconspicuous.Furthermore,whentheystoppedforpetrol,asitwouldbenecessary,theirspeechandmannerwouldrevealtheiridentity.BritishEnglishwouldbeparticularlynoticeableintheSouth.Theremustbenomistake,novacillationordallyingbecauseofherownsmallnessofmind.Shemustn’tmakeanymistakesinherplan,orwaverinmindandshowindecisionordealwiththesituationcarelesslyduetosmall-mindedness.Inotherwordsshehadtotakeabigchance,todosomethingverydaring,soshemustbebold,resolute,decisiveandrisetotheoccasion.英译汉：Herowntensionwasnotlessenedbytheknowledgethatbothmightreturnatanymoment.她自己的紧张程度并没有减轻,因为她知道他们两人随时都可能回来。AwaveofcigarsmokeaccompaniedOgilviein.随着一股雪茄烟雾,奥吉勒维进了门。Takinghistime,Ogilvieremovedtheoffendingcigar,knockedofftheashandflippedthebutttowardanornamentalfireplaceonhisright.奥吉勒维不紧不慢地拿掉呛人的雪茄,弹掉烟灰,把烟蒂朝右手边的装饰壁炉甩去。"NowIknowwhatIknow,andifIdowhatbyrightsIshould,there’llbeasquadofcopsinheresofastyou’llhardlysee’em."听着,该知道的我都知道。我如果按照正当的程序做我应该做的事,那么一帮警察会闪电般地到来。Springingtoherfeet,herfacewrathful,gray-greeneyesblazing,shefacedthegrossnessofthehousedetectivesquarely.她立刻站了起来,和粗鲁的饭店侦探当面对峙。她满脸怒气,灰绿色的眼睛闪着光。"It’seasilydoneinNewOrleans,withthestreetswindingastheydo."新奥尔良的街道弯弯曲曲,很容易弄错方向。"Youtrythat,youmightaswellwalkovertoheadquartersrightnowan’giveup."如果你那样做,就等于去警察局自首。Oncemore,shewasaware,theroleofleadershiphadfallentoher,herhusbandnowatensebutpassivespectatoroftheexchangebetweentheevilfatmanandherself.她再次意识到,领导的责任又落到了她的肩上。此刻,她的丈夫紧张而激动,面对她与这个坏胖子之间的交锋,他只能袖手旁观。Hereyeswererivetedonhisface,herhandsome,high-cheekbonedfeaturessetintheirmostimperiousmold.他目不转睛地盯着他的脸,那张漂亮的高颧骨脸庞摆出一副咄咄逼人的样子。"Wewouldachievenothingbypayingyou,exceptpossiblyafewdays’respite."付给你前后,我们什么好处也得不到,除了可能有几天临时的喘息时间。第四课：Paraphrase"Don’tworry,son,we’llshowthemafewtricks""Don’tworry,youngman,we’lldoafewthingstooutwittheprosecution."Thecasehaderuptedroundmyhead...Iwassuddenlyengulfedbythewholeaffair.Noone,leastofI,anticipatedthatmycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinUShistory.IwasthelastonetoexpectthatmycasewoulddevelopintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinAmericanhistory."That’sonehellofajury!""Thisisacompletelyinappropriatejury,tooignorantandpartial.""Todayitistheteachers,"hecontinued,"andtomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers."Todaytheteachersareputontrialbecausetheyteachscientifictheory;soonthenewspapersandmagazineswillnotbeallowedtoexpressnewideas,tospreadknowledgeofscience."Thereissomedoubtaboutthat,"Darrowsnorted."Itisdoubtfulwhethermanhasreasoningpower,"saidDarrowsarcastically,scornfullyaccusedBryanofcallingforadueltothedeathbetweenscienceandreligionaccusedBryanofdemandingthatalifeordeathstrugglebefoughtbetweenscienceandreligion.Spectatorspaidtogazeatitandponderwhethertheymightberelated.Peoplepaidinordertohavealookattheapeandtoconsidercarefullywhetherapesandhumanscouldhaveacommonancestry.NowDarrowspranghistrumpcardbycallingBryanasawitnessforthedefense.DarrowsurprisedeveryonebyaskingforBryanasawitnessforScopeswhichwasabrilliantidea.MyheartwentouttotheoldwarriorasspectatorspushedbyhimtoshakeDarrow’shand.DarrowhadgottenthebestofBryan,wholookedhelplesslylostandpitiableaseveryoneignoredhimandrushedpasthimtocongratulateDarrow.WhenIsawthis,IfeltsorryforBryan.英译汉：ThefundamentalistsadheredtoaliteralinterpretationoftheOldTestament.Themodernists,ontheotherhand,acceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwinthatallanimallife,includingmonkeysandmen,hadevolvedfromacommonancestor.原教旨主义者坚持对《旧约》作字面解释；而另一方面,现代主义者接受达尔文提出的理论,即所有动物的生命,包括猿与人,均从同一祖先演化而来。Duringonesuchargument,Rappelyeasaidthatnobodycouldteachbiologywithoutteachingevolution.在一次这样的争论中,拉普利耶说任何人只要教生物学,就一定会教进化论。Peoplefromthesurroundinghills,mostlyfundamentalists,arrivedtocheerBryanagainstthe"infideloutsiders."从周围山区来了不少人,大部分是原教旨主义者。他们是来为支持布莱恩与"外面来的异教徒"对阵而助威的。"Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryarerampant,anditisamightystrongcombination."他被送上法庭是因为无知与偏执猖獗,而这两者结合在一起,势力不小。"TheBible,"hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones,"isnotgoingtobedrivenoutofthiscourtbyexpertswhocomehundredsofmilestotestifythattheycanreconcileevolution,withitsancestorsinthejungle,withmanmadebyGodinHisimageandputhereforHispurposeaspartofadivineplan.""《圣经》,"他嗓音洪亮的吼道,"是不会被那些不远千里前来作证的专家赶出这个法庭的。这些专家想证明进化论关于人类祖先来自丛林的说法和上帝按照天机、依其形象创造了人并安排在世上的看法是并行不悖的。""Thetruthiseternal,immortalansneedsnohumanagencytosupportit!"真理是永恒的、不朽的,不需要任何凡人机构的支持。ButalthoughMalonehadwontheoratoricalduelwithBryan,thejudgeruledagainstpermittingthescientiststotestifyforthedefense.尽管在与布莱恩的口头决斗中马隆取胜,法官仍然裁定不允许科学家为被告作证。"IamexaminingyouonyourfoolideasthatnointelligentChristianonearthbelieves."我是在盘问你那些愚蠢的看法,世上没有一个有智力的基督徒会相信这种看法。9、DudleyFieldMalonecalledmyconvictiona"victoriousdefeat."达德利*费尔德*马隆把对我的判决称作是"虽败犹荣"。TheoratoricalstormthatClarenceDarrowandDudleyFieldMaloneblewyointhelittlecourtinDaytonsweptlikeafreshwindthroughtheschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStates,bringinginitswakeanewclimateofintellectualandacademicfreedomthathasgrownwiththepassingyears.克拉伦斯*达罗和达德利*费尔德*马隆在代顿城小小的法庭上掀起的辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关,随之而来的是思想自由和学术自由的新气氛。这种气氛与年剧增。第六课：ParaphraseMostAmericanrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn’sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer’sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.MarkTwainisknowntomostAmericanastheauthorofTheadventureofTomSawyerandTheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn.HuckFinnisnotedforhissimpleandpleasantjourneythroughhisboyhoodwhichseemseternalandTomSawyerisfamousforhisfreeroamofthecountryandhistheonlyageandtimeweknewthem.Theyarefrozeninthatageforallreaders.Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvaried--acosmos.Hisworkontheboatmadeitpossibleforhimtomeetalargevarietyofpeople.Itisaworldoftypesofcharacters.Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,togetherwiththecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic.Allwouldreappearinhisbooks.writteninthecolorfullanguagethatheseemedtobeabletorememberandrecordasaccuratelyasaphonograph.Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsamofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.Steamboatdeckswerefilledwithpeoplewhoexploredandpreparedthewayforothersandalsolawlesspeopleorsocialoutcastssuchashustlers,gamblesandthugs.HewentwestbystagecoachandsuccumbedtotheepidemicofgoldandsilverfeverinNevada’sWashoeregion.Hetookahorse--drawnpublicvehicleandwentwesttoNevada,followingtheflowofpeopleintheGoldRushMarkTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.MarkTwainbegantoworkhardasanewspaperreporterandhumoristtobecomewellknownlocally."Itwasasplendidpopulationforalltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome..."Thosewhocamepioneeringoutwestwereenergetic,courageousandrecklesspeople,becausethosewhostayedathomeweretheslow,dullandlazypeople."Well,thatisCaliforniaallover."That’stypicalofCalifornia."Whatarobustpeople,whatanationofthinkerswemightbe,ifwewouldonlylayourselvesontheshelfoccasionallyandrenewouredges."Ifwerelaxed,restedorstayedawayfromallthiscrazystruggleforsuccessoccasionallyandkeptthedaringandenterprisingspirit,wewouldbeabletoremainstrongandhealthyandcontinuetoproducegreatthinkers.Thelastofhisownillusionsseemedtohavecrumbledneartheend.Attheendofhislife,helostthelastbitofhispositiveviewofmanandtheworld.英译汉：...themanwhobecameMarkTwainwasbornSamuelLanghorneClemens,andherangedacrossthenationformorethanathirdofhislife,digestingthenewAmericanexperiencebeforesharingitwiththeWorldaswriterandlecturer.马克*吐温出生时的名字是塞缪尔*兰霍恩*克莱门斯,后来才改叫马克*吐温。他一生中有三分之一的时间是在全国游历,体验新的美国历程,然后以作家和演说家的身份,与世界分享这种历程。Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,togetherwiththecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic.所有这一切都会以一种多彩的语言形式在他的书中再现,这种语言与他那留声机般的记忆相融合。Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsamofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.轮船的甲板上不仅聚集了富有开创精神的人群,也挤满了骗子、妓女、赌徒、恶棍这样的残渣。FromthemallMarkTwaingainedakeenperceptionofthehumanrace,ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.从他们身上,马克*吐温对人类有了更为敏锐的认识,看到了人们言与行之间的差距。HisdescriptionsoftheroughcountrysettlersthereringfamiliarlyinmodernworldaccustomedtotrendsettingontheWestCoast.对一个习惯于由西海岸引领流行趋势的现代世界来说,他对那些落脚于尚未开发的荒凉之地的人们的描述听上去一点也不生疏。Casuallyhedebunkedreveredartistsandarttreasures,andtookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand.他不经意地揭穿了那些受人尊敬的艺术家和艺术珍宝,还尖锐地将圣地批评了一番。"Thewiddereatsbyabell;shegoestobedbyabell;shegitsupbyabelleverything’ssoawfulregularabodycan’tstandit."这个寡妇按点吃饭；按点睡觉；按点起床一切都那么井井有条、循规蹈矩,让人受不了。HisraftflightdowntheMississippiwitharunawayslavepresentsamovingpanoramafortheexplorationofAmericansociety.他与一个脱逃的黑奴隶乘一条木筏顺密西西比河而下的经历就是一幅美国社会的动态全景。"...theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence;wheretheyachievednothing;wheretheywereamistakeandafailureandafoolishness;wheretheyhaveleftnosignthattheyhadexistedaworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever."...他们从世上消失了,在那个世上,他们无足轻重,一事无成；在那个世上,他们本身的存在就是个错误,就是个失败,就是一桩蠢事；在那个世上,他们没有留下任何表明他们曾经存在过的痕迹。那个世界将为他们哀悼一日,然后永远地将他们忘却。第七课：ParaphraseShethinkshersisterhasheldlifealwaysinthepalmofonehand,that"no"isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoher.Shethinksthathersisterhasafirmcontrolofherlifeandthatshecanalwayshaveanythingshewants.Myfatkeepsmehotinzeroweather.BecauseIamfat,Ifeelhoteveninfreezingweather.JohnnyCarsonhasmuchtodotokeepupwithmyquickandwittytongue.JohnnyCarsonhasawittyandglibtongue.ButIoutdohimandsohehastotryhardifhewantstocatchupwithme.ItseemstomeIhavetalkedtothemalwayswithonefootraisedinflight,withmyheadturnedinwhicheverwayisfarthestfromthem.I’malreadytoleaveasquicklyaspossiblebecauseofdiscomfort,nervousness,timidityetc,andturnmyheadawayfromtheminordertoavoidthemasmuchaspossibleforthesamereason.Shewouldalwayslookanyoneintheeye.Shewouldalwayslookatsomebodydirectlyandsteadily,notfeelingembarrassedorashamed.Shewashedusinariveofmake-believe,burneduswithalotofknowledgewedidn’tnecessarilyneedtoknow.Sheimposedonuslotsoffalsityandso-calledknowledgethatwastotallyuselessandirrelevanttous.Likegoodlooksandmoney,quicknesspassedherby.Shewashomelyandpoor.Besidesshewasnotsmart.MeanwhileAsalamlakimisgoingthroughmotionswithMaggie’shand.MeanwhileDee’sboyfriendistryingtoshakehandswithMaggieinafancyandelaborateway.Though,infact,IprobablycouldhavecarrieditbackbeyondtheCivilWarthroughthebranches.Infact,IcouldhavetraceditbackbeforetheCivilWarthoughthefamilybranches.Hejuststoodtheregrinning,lookingdownonmelikesomebodyinspectingaModelAcar.Hejuststoodtherewithagrinonhisfaceandlookedatmeasifinspectingsomethingoldandour-of-date.EveryonceinawhileheandWangerosenteyesignalsovermyhead.NowandthenheandDeecommunicatedthrougheyecontactinasecretiveway."IcanrememberGrandmaDeewithoutthequilts."Idon’tneedthequiltstoremindmeofGrandmaDee.Shelivesinmymemory.英译汉：IwillwaitforherintheyardthatMaggieandImadesocleanandwavyyesterdayafternoon.我在院子里等她来。昨天下午我和玛吉把院子扫得干干净净,笤帚扫过的地方还留有波浪纹。Whenthehardclayissweptcleanasafloorandthefinesandaroundtheedgeslinedwithtiny,irregulargrooves,anyonecancomeandsitandlookupintotheelmandwaitforthebreezesthatnevercomeinsidethehouse.当硬土地面扫得和屋子的地面一样干净时,当院子边缘的细沙被小小的、不规则的沟槽勾勒出线条时,任何人都可以进到院子里坐坐,看着院子的榆树,等待微风习习吹来,而微风永远都吹不进房间里。Shehasbeenlikethis,chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle,eversincethefirethatburnedtheotherhousetotheground.自从大火把我们的老房子烧为灰烬后,她就是这样：低着头,眼睛看着地,走路拖着脚。SometimesIcanstillheartheflamesandfeelMaggie’sarmsstickingtome,herhairsmokingandherdressfallingoffherinlittleblackpaperyflakes.有时我还能听到火焰燃烧,感到玛吉的手臂紧紧拉着我,她的头发冒着烟,她的衣裙像黑色的博纸片一样从身上飘落下来。Therearenorealwindows,justsomeholescutinthesides,liketheportholesinaship,butnotroundandnotsquare,withrawhideholdingtheshuttersupontheoutside.那算不上是真正的窗户,仅仅是在屋子的侧墙上挖的洞而已,好像船上的舷窗,但既不圆也不方,外面用生牛皮固定住窗板。Shenevertakesashotwithoutmakingsurethehouseisincluded.每拍一张照片,她必定把房子照进去。Youdidn’tevenhavetolookclosetoseewherehandspushingthedasherupanddowntomakebutterhadleftakindofsinkinthewood.你不必细看,就能看到双手在上下推动奶油搅拌器时在木头上留下的印痕。Andoneteenyfadedbluepiece,aboutthesizeofapennymatchbox,thatwasfromGreatGrandpaEzra’suniformthatworeintheCivilWar.被子上有一块小小的褪了色的蓝布,只有火柴盒大小,那是从曾祖父埃兹拉在内战时期穿的军服上裁下来的。第九课：paraphraseThedocumenttheyproducedwaseventuallysignedbutultimatelyunfinished.Afterheateddebateandcompromises,theConstitutionwasfinallyadoptedbytheConstitutionalConventionand39outof55delegatessignedthedocument.Butthe"three-fifth"clauseandthetwentyyearsallowedfortheslavetradeshowedtheslaveissuewasnotsolved,sotheprocessofformingamoreperfectuniondidnotendwiththeenforcementoftheConstitution.Butitalsocomesfrommyownstory.Mypersonalbackgroundandmysuccessstory,risingfromragstoriches,alsoteachesmetheimportanceofunityButitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeuptheideathatthisnationismorethanthesumofitspartsthatoutofmany,wearetrulyone.Iamdeeplyingrained,throughmyexperienceintheUnitedStates,withtheideathatAmericaisnotatotalofaddingeverythingtogetherbutistheproductoffusion,ofsharingthesamecreed.Throughoutthefirstyearofthiscampaign,againstallpredictionstothecontrary,wesawhowhungrytheAmericanpeoplewereforthismessageofunity.InspiteofallannouncementsthatAmericawasnotreadyforablackpresident,thatIwouldfallinthecampaign,wegainedmomentuminthefirstyearofthecampaign,whichshowedthattheAmericanpeopledemandedunityandchange.Despitethetemptationtoviewmycandidacythroughapurelyraciallens,wewoncommandingvictoriesinstateswithsomeofthewhitestpopulationsinthecountry.Peoplewereencouragedtojudgemefromtheperspectiveofablackcandidate,raisingthequestionofwhethertheUnitedStateswouldfarebetterwithablackpresident.However,wewongreatvictorieseveninsomeofthemoreconservativestates,stateswithstrongerracialbias.WesawracialtensionsbubbletothesurfaceduringtheweekbeforetheSouthCarolinaprimary.TheweekbeforetheDemocratsweretoselecttheirdelegatestothenationalconventioninSouthCarolina,attacksonme,onblacksbecamemorefrequent,moreintense.Ononeendofthespectrum,we’veheardtheimplicationthatmycandidacyissomehowanexerciseinaffirmativeaction;thatit’sbasedsolelyonthedesireofwide-eyedliberalstopurchaseracialreconciliationonthecheap.Atoneendoftheentirerangeofopinion,therearepeoplewhosaythatIdecidedtorunbecauseIwantedtoshowblackandwhiteshouldhaveequalopportunityandIwantedtoplayonthedesiresofnaiveliberalstoachieveracialharmonywithoutmakinggreateffort.IcannomoredisownhimthanIcandisowntheblackcommunity.Itisimpossibleformetocasthimoffjustasitisimpossibleformetorepudiatetheblackcommunity.英译汉：Twohundredandtwenty-oneyearsago,inahallthatstillstandsacrossthestreet,agroupofmengatheredand,withthesesimplewords,launchedAmerica’simprobableexperimentindemocracy.二百二十一年前,就在街对面的大厅里,一群人聚集在一起,用这样简朴的语言,开始了美国的民主实践,这在当时被认为是难以成功的。Itwasstainedbythisnation’soriginalsinofslavery,aquestionthatdividedthecoloniesandbroughttheconventiontoastalemateuntilthefounderschosetoallowtheslavetradetocontinueforatleasttwentymoreyears,andtoleaveanyfinalresolutiontofuturegenerations.它被原罪的奴隶玷污了,这个问题使各州对立,并一度使宪会议陷入僵局。后来开国者们允许奴隶买卖延续了至少二十年,而把问题的最终解决留给了后代。It’sastorythathasn’tmademethemostconventionalofcandidates.Butitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeuptheideathatthisnationismorethanthesumofitspartsthatoutofmany,wearetrulyone.我的故事没有把我变成一个十分守旧的候选人。但这种经历却把这样一种观念深深地烙在我的身上,美国不是一个由各种成分简单叠加构成的集合体而是由多种成分融合成的一个整体。Instead,theyexpressedaprofoundlydistortedviewofthiscountryaviewthatseeswhiteracismasendemic,andthatelevateswhatiswrongwithAmericaaboveallthatweknowisrightwithAmerica;aviewthatseestheconflictsintheMiddleEastasrootedprimarilyintheactionsofstalwartallieslikeIsrael,insteadofemanatingfromtheperverseandhatefulideologiesofradicalIslam.相反地,这些言论反映了一种严重扭曲的这个国家的观点。这种观点认为白人种族主义是美国特有的一种流行病,并使美国出现的问题凌驾于其他美好的东西之上。这种观点认为中东冲突的根源在于我们的忠实盟友以色列的做法,而不是源于伊斯兰激进分子扭曲和充满仇恨的意识形态。Thosestoriesofsurvival,andfreedom,andhopebecameourstory,mystory;thebloodthathadspilledwasourblood,thetearsourtears;untilthisblackchurch,onthisbrightday,seemedoncemoreavesselcarryingthestoryofapeopleintofuturegenerationsandintoalargerworld.这些故事关于生存、自由、希望的故事成为我们的故事和我的故事。曾经流过的血是我们的血,曾经流过的眼泪是我们的眼泪。直到今天这个阳光明媚的日子,这个黑人的教会又一次承载着这个民族的故事,传承给后代,传达给世界上更多的人。Thechurchcontainsinfullthekindnessandcruelty,thefierceintelligenceandtheshockingignorance,thestrugglesandsuccesses,theloveandyes,thebitternessandbiasesthatmakeuptheblackexperienceinAmerica.仁慈与残酷,极端睿智和惊人愚昧,斗争和成就,爱与认同,怨恨与偏见,这些因素统统包含在教会中,构成黑人在美国的经历。NotonceinmyconversationswithhimhaveIheardhimtalkaboutanyethnicgroupinderogatoryterms,ortreatwhiteswithwhomheinteractedwithanythingbutcourtesyandrespect.在与他的谈话中我从没听过他用贬损的语言谈到另一个族裔,而他在与白人打交道时也总是表现得十分礼貌和尊重。WewouldbemakingthesamemistakethatReverendWrightmadeinhisoffendingsermonsaboutAmericatosimplifyandstereotypeandamplifythenegativetothepointthatitdistortsreality.赖特牧师布道时对美国攻击的言论犯了一个错误简单化,妖魔化,并把负面的东西无限夸大,导致对现实的歪曲,而这种错误我们也会犯。第十课：paraphraseUnderstandingthisrealityrequiresareminderofhowwearrivedatthispoint.Inordertounderstandthecomplexitiesofraceweneedtoknowthehistoryanddevelopmentofracialrelations,thesufferingsandinjusticestheblacksweresubjectedto."Thepastisn’tdeadandburied.Infact,itisn’tevenpast."Theinfluenceofwhathappenedinprevioustimeshasnotdisappeared.Suchinfluencecanstillbeseen.ButforallthosewhoscratchedandclawedtheirwaytogetapieceoftheAmericanDream,thereweremanywhodidn’tmakeitthosewhowereultimatelydefeated,inonewayoranother,bydiscrimination.Outofthosewhoworkedorstruggleveryhardtoclimbthesocialladder,manydidnotsucceed.Theyweredefeatedinlife’sstruggle,asaresultofracialdiscrimination.Butitdoesfindvoiceinthebarbershoporthebeautyshoporaroundthekitchentable.Viewscoloredbyracemaycomeupatinformalconversationatthebarbershopwheremenmeet,oroverdinneramongfamilymembers.AndoccasionallyitfindsvoiceinthechurchonSundaymorning,inthepulpitandinthepews.Andonceinawhilesuchsentimentsareexpressedinsermonsandamongchurchcongregations.Theyareanxiousabouttheirfutures,andfeeltheirdreamsslippingaway;andinaneraofstagnantwagesandglobalcompetition,opportunitycomestobeseenasazerosumgame,inwhichyourdreamscomeatmyexpense.Asaresult,whiteAmericansareverymuchworriedabouttheirfuture,feelingthattheirAmericandreamiscomingtoanend,feelinghopelessandhopeless.Sotheyhaveahostileattitudetowardthosewhomtheyconsidertheircompetitors.Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbuiltentirecareersunmaskingbogusclaimsofracismwhiledismissinglegitimatediscussionsofracialinjusticeandinequalityasmerepoliticalcorrectnessorreverseracism.Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbecamefamousthroughexposingso-calledunrealincidentsofracismandlabeledreasonablediscussionofunfairtreatmentofminoritiesascateringtoexcessivesensibilitytominoritycausesorasracismagainstthewhites.It’saracialstalematewe’vebeenstuckinforyears.Theangeroftheblacksandtheresentmentofthewhitesarenotgroundless.Bothgroupshavelegitimateconcerns.Yettheirangerisdirectedtowardthewrongtargets,thushamperingthesolutionoftheissueswhichcausetheanger.Neithersidehascometoseetheproblem.Soaracialdeadlockexists.FortheAfrican-Americancommunity,thatpathmeansembracingtheburdensofourpastwithoutbecomingvictimsofourpast.Theblackcommunityshouldfaceandhandlebravelythelegacyofracialinjusticeofthepastwhileatthesametimeshouldnotfeeltheyarebeingwrongallthetime.Inthewhitecommunity,thepathtoamoreperfectunionmeansacknowledgingthatwhatailstheAfrican-Americancommunityandcurrentincidentsofdiscrimination,whilelessovertthaninthepast,andthesethingsarerealandmustbeaddressed.Forthewhites,theyshouldseeclearlythatthewrongdonetotheblacksinthepastisafactandsubtlediscriminationstillexiststodayandshouldbesolvedproperly.Wecanpounceo