2023年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案篇

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Nancycomplainedaboutthe（

）airconditionersheboughtfromthedepartmentstore.问题1选项A.inefficientB.deficientC.ineffectiveD.defective2.单选题Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.rewardingC.generousD.monotonous3.单选题Thereare（

）periodsinanimal’slifewhenitiscapableoflearningagreatdealinaveryshorttime.问题1选项A.urgentB.violentC.seriousD.critical4.单选题Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.问题1选项A.reviveB.renovateC.replaceD.remove5.单选题Intoday'sworld,insuranceplaysavitalroleintheeconomicandsocialwelfareoftheentirepopulation.Thewishtoguardagainstdangerstolifeandpropertyisbasictohumannature.Byusingvariouskindsofinsurance,societyhasbeenabletoreducetheeffectsofsuchhazards.Nowhereisinsurancemoreimportantthaninthemanagementofabusiness.Inmanyinstanceslossesinasmallfirmcanmeanthedifferencebetweengrowthandfailure,vitalityandstagnation.Veryfewsmallbusinesseshaveevenaportionofthefinancialsourcesavailabletolargerenterprises.Frequentlytheymustoperateonaveryslightmarginiftheyhopetostayinbusiness.Andthus,theyareparticularlysensitivetounexpectedlosses.Withoutenoughinsurance,whathappenstosuchafirmwhentheownerdiesorissuddenlydisabled?Whenafirebreaksoutanddestroysthefirm’sbuildingorstock?Whenanemployeeisfoundtohavestolencompanyfunds?Whenacustomerisawardedaliabilityjudgmentforanaccident?Toooften,thebusinessisforcedtothewall;itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed;sometimes,itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed.Almostalways,asmallbusinessmanwouldfinditimpossibletohandlethefullburdenofhispotentialrisk.Theamountofmoneyhewouldhavetosetasidetocoverpossiblelosseswouldleavehimnothingoralmostnothingtorunhisbusinesswith.Iflossesweretooccurwhichhecouldrepairbyusinghisreservefund,whatassurancewouldhehavethatanotherloss-thesamekindordifferent——mightnotoccurnextweek,nextmonth?Butthenhewouldhavenoreservefundandlittlelikelihoodofstayinginbusinessatall.1.Thisselectiondealsmainlywith（

）.2.InParagraph3,“forcedtothewall”means“（

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3.Theauthorthinksthat（

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4.AdequateinsurancewilldoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatitwill（

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5.Theword“curbed”inParagraph3isnearestinmeaningto（

）.问题1选项A.therelationbetweeninsuranceandsocietyB.accidentsandlossesC.businessfailuresD.theimportanceofinsurancetobusiness问题2选项A.driventodespairB.stayinginastrongpositionC.doingwellD.climbingup问题3选项A.accidentsalwayshappenB.abusinessmanshouldtakeriskC.businessesshouldhaveadequateinsuranceD.insuranceisasocialwelfareproject问题4选项A.freesomebusinessfundsB.addtobenefitsforemployeesC.relievesomemanagementproblemsD.provideforunexpectedincidents问题5选项A.checkedB.advancedC.expandedD.disturbed6.单选题Partofthecostofmanyarticlesistakenastaxbythegovernment（

）thecommunity.问题1选项A.inplaceofB.onaccountofC.intermsofD.onbehalfof7.单选题Amongthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.Hundredsof（1）arepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.（2）,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeen（3）onsciencefictionstories.Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisa（4）newdevelopmentinliterature,（5）itsancestorscanbefoundinbookwrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebooksoften（6）thepresentationofsomeformof（7）society,athemewhichis（8）oftenfoundinmodernstories.Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefiction,（9）,havebeenwrittenwithinthelastonehundredyears.Books（10）writers,suchasJulesVemeandH.G.Wells,to（11）justtwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslationintomanylanguages.（12）sciencefictionwritersdon’twriteaboutmenfromMarsorSpaceadventurestories.Theyare（13）interestedinpredictingtheeffectoftechnicalprogress（14）societyandthehumanmind,orin（15）futureworldswhicharea（16）oftheworld（17）weliveinnow.（18）ofthis,theirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones(含蓄).Inanagewhenscientificfactfrequently（19）sciencefiction,thewritersmayfind（20）difficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.问题1选项A.stylesB.titlesC.subjectsD.topics问题2选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.AnywayD.Evidently问题3选项A.reliedB.dependedC.basedD.focused问题4选项A.asB.whenC.soD.fairly问题5选项A.asB.whenC.butD.if问题6选项A.lookforB.careforC.askforD.callfor问题7选项A.societyB.idealC.futureD.end问题8选项A.yetB.alreadyC.almostD.still问题9选项A.consequentlyB.thereforeC.howeverD.moreover问题10选项A.onB.byC.aboutD.For问题11选项A.introduceB.mentionC.tellD.remind问题12选项A.AncientB.ModernC.PreviousD.Former问题13选项A.neverB.lessC.moreD.scarcely问题14选项A.onB.ofC.inD.at问题15选项A.recognizingB.imaginingC.rememberingD.adapting问题16选项A.regulationB.reactionC.reductionD.reflection问题17选项A.whichB.whereC.thereD.when问题18选项A.DespiteB.BecauseC.InsteadD.Atpresent问题19选项A.reachesB.attainsC.caulesD.overtakes问题20选项A.itB.thisC.thatD.those8.单选题Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

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2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

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3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto（

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4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat（

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5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?问题1选项A.canbemodifiedintheircoursesB.aresusceptibletoemotionalchangesC.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfearsD.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs问题2选项A.itsfunctioninourdreamsB.themechanismofREMsleepC.therelationofdreamstoemotionsD.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex问题3选项A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.B.developintohappydreams.C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.问题4选项A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreamsB.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrollC.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogressionD.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious问题5选项A.Leadyourlifeasusual.B.Seekprofessionalhelp.C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.9.单选题Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.问题1选项A.entailB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate10.单选题Aseducationallevelsriseandinformationtechnologyaccelerates,thedistinctionbetween"managers"and"workers"will（

）andmanagementknowledgewillbeeveryone'sresponsibility.问题1选项A.fadeawayB.passawayC.slipawayD.washaway第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。inefficient意为“无效率的，无能的”；deficient意为“不足的，缺乏的”；ineffective意为“无效果的”；defective意为“有缺陷的”。句意：南希抱怨她从百货公司买这台有缺陷的空调。2.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。prospective意为“预期的”；rewarding意为“值得的”；generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意为“单调乏味的”。句意：我接到几个来自乏味雇主的冗长的电话，他们对我很感兴趣。3.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。urgent意为“急迫的”；violent意为“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意为“严重的，严肃的”；critical意为“批评的，爱挑剔的”。句意：动物的一生当中总会有一段暴力阶段，那段时间它可以在短期内学习很多的东西。4.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。revive意为“复兴，复苏，重新使用”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；replace意为“替换”；remove意为“开除”。句意：他们计划一年时间内修复这栋破旧的房子。5.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章开篇就提到保险在整个经济和社会福利中起着至关重要的作用，第二段讲述了保险在企业管理中是最重要的，第三、四段讲述了没有足够保险的企业会面临怎样的后果。因此D选项“保险对企业的重要性”符合题意。第2题:词义题。driventodespair意为“陷入绝望”；stayinginastrongposition意为“保持强势”；doingwell意为“经营盈利”；climbingup意为“上升”。由后面的itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed可知前面表示不好的结果，因此选A。第3题:观点态度题。文章主要讲述了保险对企业的重要性，因此C选项“企业应该有足够的保险”符合作者的观点。第4题:推理判断题。文章第三四段提到了如果没有足够的保险，那么企业将遇到资金、意外事故、管理方面等问题，没有提到会增加员工福利，因此选B。第5题:词义题。checked意为“选定的，有方格图案的”；advanced意为“先进的”；expanded意为“扩大的”；disturbed意为“扰乱的，心理失常的”。由前面的thebusinessisforcedtothewall可知此处表示不好的结果，itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed（它未来的运营受到了极大的……），因此选D。6.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。inplaceof意为“代替”；onaccountof意为“由于”；intermsof意为“依据，按照”；onbehalfof意为“代表，为了”。句意：部分物品的费用以税收的形式由政府代表社会征收。7.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:D第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析。此处表示每年都有几百本书出版，titles指的是书籍。第2题:考查副词辨析。此处表示递进关系，因此填furthermore，意为“此外，而且”。第3题:考查动词辨析。relyon意为“依赖”；dependon意为“依靠，依赖”；baseon意为“根据……，基于……”；focuson意为“关注，聚焦于”。此处表示电影是以科幻小说为基础的。第4题:考查逻辑关系。此处意为“人们常常认为科幻小说在文学上是一个……新的发展”，缺少一个表程度的副词，因此fairly（一定地，相当地）最为恰当。第5题:考查连词辨析。此处表示转折关系，因此填but。第6题:考查动词辨析。lookfor意为“寻找”；carefor意为“关心，照顾”；askfor意为“请求”；callfor意为“要求，需要，去接（某人）”，此处表示关注、关心，因此选B。第7题:考查逻辑关系。这些书指的是科幻小说，具有不真实，不切实际等特征，因此填ideal，意为“完美的，想象的，不切实际的”。第8题:考查副词辨析。此处表示让步关系，因此填still，意为“仍，仍然”，指主题仍然可以在现代小说中找到。第9题:考查副词辨析。此处表示转折关系，因此填however，consequently与therefore表示因果关系，moreover表示递进关系。第10题:考查介词辨析。by作介词时，意为“被，由”，booksbywriters意为“作家写的书”。第11题:考查固定搭配。tomention意为“举……例”。第12题:考查逻辑关系。由句中的MarsorSpaceadventure（火星或太空探险）和下句中的interestedinpredictingtheeffectoftechnicalprogress（预测技术进步的效果感兴趣）可知这些都属于现代的一些东西，因此填modern（现代的）。第13题:考查逻辑关系。由前句可知现代科幻作家不写关于火星或太空探险的故事，此推测此处表示让他们更感兴趣的，因此填more（更加）。第14题:考查固定搭配。theeffectonsth.意为“对某事物的影响”。第15题:考查逻辑关系。由空格后的futureworld（未来世界）可推测未来可以想象，猜测，因此填imagine最为恰当。第16题:考查名词辨析。此处表示这个世界反射的未来世界，因此填reflection，意为“反射，反映”；reaction一般是指人的反应，感应；regulation意为“管理”；reduction意为“减少”。第17题:考查关系代词。先行词为world，表示物，可以用which引导定语从句。第18题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示因此关系，因此填because。第19题:考查动词辨析。reach意为“到达”；attain意为“达到，获得”；caules意为“茎类”；overtake意为“追上，赶上，超过”。此处缺少动词，故排除C选项，表示在一个事实经常超过科幻小说的时代，因此选D。第20题:考查形式宾语。it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。8.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上