英语口译简介课件

Presentation1AnBriefIntroductiontoInterpretation

EnglishInterpretingYouwillbedestroyedcontents4TheHistoryofInterpreting1235TheKnowledgeStructureofInterpretersThedefinitionofInterpretationTheProcessofInterpretationTheTypesofInterpretation1.TheDevelopmentofInterpretation

1)Spokenlanguageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage2)Communicationbymeansofinterpreting3)Professionalinterpretertrainingschoolsforinterpreters1)Spokenlanguageemergedmuchearlierthanwrittenlanguage

TheShangOracleBones,1600BC

(ideographicwriting)

TheoraclebonesortheinscriptionsonbonesortortoiseshellsoftheShangDynastyThehieroglyphinancientEgypt5000ago

(ideographicwriting)

ThehieroglyphorpictographcreatedbythepeopleinancientEgyptabout5000yearsThealphabeticwritingascribedbythePhoenicians1000B.C.

ThePhoeniciansinventedthefirstalphabeticlettersinabout3000yearsago

Humanbeingsbegantospeak20.0000yearsago(spokenlanguageemerged)2)Communicationbymeansofinterpreting

ThespreadofreligionsbyinterpretersBuddhismChristianityIslamConfucianism

Wencheng

PrincessandhermarriageinTuboDynasty

WenchengPrincessvolunteeredtomarrySongzanganbu,thekingofTuboDynastyin640whenChinawasunderthecontrolofTangDynastyThePotalapalacewasconstructedforwelcomingWenchengPrincesstoTibetformarryingSongzanggangbuinthe7thcentury.Nowitisoneofthegreatestarchitecturesintheworld.

MacoPolostayedinChinafor17years

In13thcentury,MacoPolo,theItaliantravelerandbusinessman,cametoChinawithhisuncleandstayedfor17years,visitingmanyplacesandcitiesinYuanDynastyandwroteabooktitledtheTravelsofMarcoPolo.

IhavenottoldhalfofwhatIsaw.

Amonghisomissions:1)teadrinking,2)calligraphy,3)thebindingofwomen'sfeettokeepthemsmall,and,mostglaring,4)theGreatWallofChina.5)PoloisnotmentionedinanyChineserecords.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewworld

In1492,ChristopherColumbus,anItalianexplorerandnavigatordiscoveredthenewworld,Americancontinents.

AnEggofColumbus

Everythingiseasywhenyouknowhowtodoit.

ChinesechildrensenttoUSAbyQingDynasty

From1870-1875,120Chinesechildren(agedfrom12-15)inQingDynasty,includingZhanTianyou,whowasinchargeoftheconstructionofthefirstrailwayinChina,wenttoreceiveeducationintheUSA.

SevenVoyagestoWesternOceansbyZhengHe

From1405-1433,duringthe28years,ZhengHewenttothewesternoceansforseventimes,hisvoyagemuchearlierthanColumbus.Thetwoworldwarsinthelastcentury

From1914-1918,theFirstWorldWar,1939-1945,theSecondWorldWar.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945

AfterWorldWarII,theUnitedNationswasfoundedtoprovideaplatformfordialoguesamongcountries.DeGaulle

ThebusinessamongthecountriesintheworldWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,peoplefromdifferentcountriesconductinternationaltradeorbusinesseveryday.TheOlympicGamesTheOlympicGamesisheldeveryfouryears,whichisparticipatedbytheathletesfromoveronehundredcountries3)ProfessionalinterpretersandinterpretingtrainingschoolsThefirstinterpreterswerecalled“tonguepeople”inancientChina

Inabout2000yearsago,thosewhoworkedasinterpreterswerecalled“译“，”寄”，“象”，“舌人”。ThefirstprofessionalinterpretersemergedinParisFranceaftertheFirstWorldWarJustafterWorldWarI,somepeoplebegantoworkasprofessionalinterpretersforcertainorganizationsforthepurposeofpolitics,militarywarorinternationaltrade.ThefirstschoolforinterpretersatuniversitywasfoundedinGenevainSwitzerlandin1941TheFacultyofTranslationandInterpretingofGenevaUniversitywasfoundedin1941fortrainingprofessionaltranslatorsandinterpreters.ThefirstschooloftranslationandinterpretingwasfoundedinChinain2003ThefirstschooloftranslationandinterpretingwasfoundedinShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversityin2003,oneofthe10topschoolsoftranslationandinterpretingintheworld.TheNo.1interpreterinChinasincethe1950s

Ji

Chaozhu(冀朝铸），N0.1interpreterinChina,workedasanInterpreterforMaZedong,ZhouEnlai,DengXiaoping,forthreegenerationsofCPCleadersforabout50years.MasterofTranslationandInterpreting(MTI)areofferedatover100hundreduniversitiesinChinaIn2007,severaluniversitiesweregrantedtoenrollundergraduatestostudyforMTIintwoyears.Thestudentswillstudyatuniversityfortwoyearsandwillbegrantedmaterdegreefortranslationandinterpreting.2.TheDefinitionofInterpretation

1)Thedefinitionoftranslation2)Thedefinitionofinterpretation3)Thedifferencebetweentranslationandinterpreting4)Thedefinitionofinterpreters1)Definitionsoftranslation

(1)Translatingistheartofrecomposingaworkinanotherlanguagewithoutlosingitsoriginalflavor.

----ColumbiaEncyclopedia(2)Translatingisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL).

----J.C.Catford

(3)Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.

----EugeneA.Nida(4)Translation

is

a

rewriting

of

an

original

text.2)Definitionsofinterpreting

(1)Itisdefinedas"oraltranslationofawrittentext".

(2)Interpretingisaserviceactivitywithacommunicationfunction.Itisusuallyaface-to-facecommunicativeact.(3)Anextemporeoralreproductioninonelanguage,ofwhatissaidinanotherlanguage.

(4)Anoraltransmissionofmessagesfromonelanguageintotheirequivalentsinanother,forthepurposeofachievingextemporeunderstandingbetweencommunicators.

(5)口译是一种通过口头表达形式，将所听到（间或读到）的信息准确而又快速地由一种语言转换成另一种语言，进而达到传递与交流信息之目的的交际行为，是人类在跨文化、跨民族交往活动中所依赖的一种基本的语言交际工具。

/programs/view/a9lUKOFw6QQ3)ThedifferencebetweenTranslationandInterpretingInterpret:

Inter:between,among;pret:explain.Eerpretation,interpretingTranslate:trans:across;late:bear,carry.Bearingsomethingfromoneplacetoanother.Carryingsomethingfromonelanguagetoanotherinwrittenform.(1)Thekeyskillofaverygoodtranslatoristheabilitytowritewell，professionaltranslatorsalmostalwaysworkinonlyonedirection,translatingonlyintotheirnativelanguage,usingagoodlibraryofdictionariesandreferencematerials,(2)Aninterpreter,ontheotherhand,hastobeabletotranslateinbothdirections,withouttheuseofanydictionariesonthespot.(3)Input:

translation:well-writtentextsinterpreting:spokeninformation,disappearingquickly,withrepetitionandredundancies(4)Processoftransfer:translation:enoughtimeinterpreting:quickresponse(5)Output:

translation:writtentextinterpreting:speech

(6)Criteriatranslation:fidelity,fluency,elegance

信达雅interpreting:quicknessaccuracy,fluencyfast,accurate,smooth

快准顺

准accuracyIhaven’tbeentoHongKongyet.IwasgoingtovisitHongKongnextyear.----我还没有去过香港，我打算明年去。----我还没有去过香港，我本来打算明年去的。顺fluencyThanksforwatchingourprogram,andyouenjoytherestoftheday.----谢谢您观看我们的节目，祝各位今天剩下的时间愉快。----谢谢您观看我们的节目，祝各位愉快。翻译之难Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion.朱生豪：生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。梁实秋：死后是存在，还是不存在，——这是问题。卞之琳：活下去还是不活，这是问题。许国璋：是生，是死，这是问题。王佐良：生或死，这就是问题所在。方平：活着好，还是死了好，这是个难题啊。孙大雨：是生存还是消亡，问题的所在。裘克安：活着，还是不活了，问题就在这里。某教授：做与不做，真是个问题。某剧本：生存或毁灭,这是个必答之问题。

苏格拉底：这个世界上有两种人，一种是快乐的猪，一种是痛苦的人。做痛苦的人，不做快乐的猪。要想向我学知识，你必须先有强烈的求知欲望，就像你有强烈的求生欲望一样。

4)Thedefinitionsofinterpreters

(1)译员是被用高薪请去别听人讲话的人;(2)译员是听得懂要翻听不懂更要翻的人;(3)译员是说完就忘忘了还要继续说的人;(4)译员是吃遍世界却离不开方便面的人;(5)译员是讲话人咳嗽行自己断不能咳嗽,否则就被说成只会鹦鹉学舌的人。

(6)Goodfoodtoeat(7)Goodpeopletomeet(8)Goodplacetovisit(9)Goodmoneytomake3TheknowledgestructureofInterpreters1)KL:knowledgeforlanguages2)EK:encyclopedicknowledge3)S(P+AP):professionalinterpretingskills+artisticpresentationskills

Ingeneral:KI=KL+EK+S(P+AP)

译员应该掌握的知识

=

双语知识+百科知识+技能(职业口译技能+艺术表达技能

)1)KL:knowledgeforlanguages

HighleveloflinguisticproficiencylinguisticproficiencyofEnglishlanguagelinguisticproficiencyofChineselanguage（1）三个和尚没水吃。

Threemonkshavenowatertodrink.Everybody’sbusinessmeansnobusiness(2)Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.

一个人的佳肴是他人的毒药。萝卜白菜，各有所爱。

（3）Badnewstravelsfast.

坏消息传得快。好事不出门，坏事传千里。3)EK:encyclopedicknowledge(1)ProfessorofEnglish(2)DeanoftheSchoolofTranslationandInterpretingShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity(3)TranslatoroftheChapterofMusicofBritainEncyclopedia(4)DesignerofthefirstwebsiteofSISU(5)BecholarofartinEnglish(6)Masterofscienceincomputer(7)Masterofscienceinpsychology(8)Stronginterestinfuzzymaths(9)Quitefamiliarwithchemistry3)S(P+AP):skills=professionalinterpretingskills+artisticpresentationskillsActivelisteningDiscourseanalysisNotetakingRetellingPublicspeakingParaphrasingFiguresinterpretingIdiomsinterpretingFuzzyinterpretationCopingtacticsQuite-wittednessOutstandingmemoryCross-culturalcommunicationCalmnessStrongsenseofresponsibilityGoodprofessionalethics4)professionalismofinterpreters4TheProcessofInterpretingEncoding-listeningMemorizing3)Encoding-processing-delivering词汇语音句型生理心理素质逻辑层次分析Decoding听入解码Memorizing短期记忆Encoding编码输出记忆=记+忆记=脑记+笔记短期记忆技巧口译笔记技巧公众陈述技巧句子结构转换跨文化交际能力数字传译技巧专题词汇表达Pre-jobpreparationandcopingtactics译前准备策略、困境应对策略Preparing译前准备Performing现场口译Packaging译后总结5TheTypesofInterpretation1)AlternatingInterpretation2)SimultaneousInterpretation3)ConsecutiveInterpretation)4)SimultaneousInterpretation5)WhisperingInterpretation6)SightInterpretation交替翻译(AlternatingInterpretation)同声传译(SimultaneousInterpretation)接续翻译(ConsecutiveInterpretation)同声传译(SimultaneousInterpretation)耳语翻译(WhisperingInterpretation)

视阅翻译(SightInterpretation)

◆交替翻译(AlternatingInterpretation)

交替翻译是指译员同时以两种语言为说不同语言的交际双方进行交替式翻译。这种穿梭于双语之间的翻译是口译活动中最常见的一种方式。交替翻译的场合很广,可以是随和的、非事务性的交谈,也可以是正式的政府首脑会议,或者