2023年上海市中考英语【热点·重点·难点】二轮综合复习-热点11 阅读回答问题之人与自然（教师版）

热点11阅读回答问题之人与自然（教师版）（建议用时:30分钟）属于主观题性质的任务型阅读，要求考生回答问题。这类试题的难度最大，考生如果不能真正读懂并理解文章，就无法下笔。.通读全文。通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。.按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案。.简练作答。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬..认真核查。逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误。.答案形式要符合提问方式。如原文中提问方式为“why”，那么就要用“because”引导的从句来回答。环保、动植物、自然环境、天气变化、宇宙探索等。一、阅读回答问题Longtimeago,theEarthmotherofferedusrichenergy.Butbecauseofthedevelopmentoftheworldindustrialeconomy,thefastincreaseofpopulation,andtheunlimitedhumandesire,ourlivingenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse.Whatgameandprojectmadeclimatechangebeseenandfelt?WhydoesZhengwanttoshowthepublicclimatechangeinbeautifulandlivelyways?WhendidZhengattendtheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceforthefirsttime?【答案］26.No.27.Gamecompanies,artistsandprogrammers.28.AgamecalledGuardiansofEarthanddigitalartworks.29.Toincreasepeople'sunderstandingofnature.30.In2016.【导语】本文讲述了郑欢的故事。她成立了一个组织，开发了《地球卫士》的游戏，和关于气候变化的艺术品，让气候变化成为一件可以看到、感受到和应对的事情，增加人们对自然的理解。郑的工作得到了广泛的关注和赞扬。自2016年以来，她一直参加联合国气候变化大会。根据第——段中“Sunshine,freshair,water,allkindsofplantsandanimals.Theyarethemostvaluablethingsonourplanet.However,withoutapricetag（价签）onthem,notmanypeoplehaverealizedthis”可矢口，在关B看来，大多数人都不知道自然的重要性，应是否定回答，故填No.根据第二段中“Zhengdecidedtomakeachange.Shesetupanorganization.Theyworkwithgamecompanies,artistsandprogrammersandmakeclimatechangeathingthatcanbeseen,feltanddealtwith.”可矢口,游戏公司、艺术家和程序员是郑组织的合伙人。故填Gamecompanies,artistsandprogrammers.根据第三段“ZhenghasbeenworkingonagamecalledGuardiansofEarth...Oneteenagersaid,“Thegamehaschangedmyideastowardplantsandanimals. 和第四段"Anotherprojectisdigital（数字的）artworksaboutclimatechange.”可知，一款《地球守护者》的游戏和数字艺术品让人们看到和感受到了气候变化。故填AgamecalledGuardiansofEarthanddigitalartworks.根据第四段中“1wanttocommunicateclimatechangeinbeautifulandlivelywaystoincreasepeople'sunderstandingofnature”可知，郑想以美丽生动的方式向公众展示气候变化，以增加人们对自然的理解。故填Toincreasepeople'sunderstandingofnature.根据第五段中“ShehasbeentakingpartintheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencesince2016.95口J知，郑第一次参加联合国气候变化大会是2016。故填In2016.Nowadayspeoplehaverealizedtheproblems.Anewlifestylecalledlowcarbonisspreadingeverycomerofourcountry.Theconceptsoflowcarbonarelowenergyandnowaste.Itisnecessaryforeverybodytolivealow-carbonlife.Tolivealow-carbonlife,we'dbettersaveasmuchenergyaswecan.Forexample,turnoffthelightsandTVwhenyoudon'tusethem,usecoldwatertowashclothesordishes,usethesolarwaterheaterinsteadoftheelectricalone.Tolivealow-carbonlife,weshouldeatlessmeat.Beingavegetariancanhelpreduceoneandahalftonofcarbondioxideayear,butkeepinganimalsforfoodproducesevenmorecarbondioxidethanallthecarsdointheworld.Tolivealow-carbonlife,wearesupposedtodolessshoppingwhenwegoshopping,wemaydriveacarortakeabus.Ononehand,thesetransportationpollutetheair.Ontheotherhand,mostofusalwaysbuysomeuselessthingsbecauseofsomeadvertisements.Therearemanyotherwaystolivealow-carbonlife,suchasrecyclingthings,plantingtreesandreusingtextbooks.Ifwecankeepitahabitinourdailylife,theearthwillbecomeasaferplanetforustoliveon.Whatdoeslowcarbonmean?Howmanykindsofwaytolivealow-carbonlifearementionedinthepassage?Whatshouldweeatmoretoreducecarbondioxide?Whyshouldwedolessshopping?Howdoyoulikealowcarbondioxidelife?（请自拟一句话作答）［答案］1.Lowenergyandnowaste2.63.Vegetables4.Becauseitcanhelpusreduceairpollutionandbuyfeweruselessthings5.Tomaketheearthasaferplanetforustoliveon,itisnecessarytolivealow-carbonlife【导语】本文介绍了低碳的生活方式：节约能源、少吃肉、少购物、回收物品、植树和重复使用教科书等。如果我们在日常生活中养成低碳的生活习惯，我们赖以生存的地球将更安全。.根据第二段“Theconceptsoflowcarbonarelowenergyandnowaste.”可知,低碳的概念是低能耗和无浪费。故填Lowenergyandnowasteo.根据第三段“Tolivealow-carbonlife,we'dbettersaveasmuchenergyaswecarT；第四段“Tolivealow-carbonlife,weshouldeatlessmeat."；第五段"Tolivealow-carbonlife,wearesupposedtodolessshoppingwhenwegoshopping/5；第六段“suchasrecyclingthings,plantingtreesandreusingtextbooks.”可矢口，过低碳生活的方式：节约能源、少吃肉、少购物、回收物品、植树和重复使用教科书等六种。故填6。.根据第四段“Beingavegetariancanhelpreduceoneandahalftonofcarbondioxideayear,“素食者每年可以减少1.5吨二氧化碳；可知，要多吃蔬菜少吃肉。故填Vegetables。.根据第五段“Ononehand,thesetransportationpollutetheair.Ontheotherhand,mostofusalwaysbuysomeuselessthingsbecauseofsomeadvertisements”可知，购物可以帮助我们减少空气污染，减少购买无用的东西o故填Becauseitcanhelpusreduceairpollutionandbuyfeweruselessthingso.开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为Tomaketheearthasaferplanetforustoliveon,itisnecessarytolivealow-carbonlife。二、阅读并回答问题TherearemanywetlandsinChinaandsomeofthemhavebecometheworld'simportantwetlands.TheChineseYellowSeaWetlandsareamongthem.TheyareinYancheng,JiangsuProvince.Theyarehomeformanydifferentkindsofanimals.Theworld'slargestMiluDeerNatureReserveisinthem.Morethan700Miludeerlivefreelythere.Therearenotmanyred-crownedcranesintheworld,buteverywinteryoucanseesomeintheRed-crownedCraneNatureReserveintheYellowSeaWetlands.Thetemperatureinthewetlandsisusuallyneithertoohighnortoolow.Thereisalotofrainandsunshine,too.Theyarereallygoodplacesforwildlife.Offering（提供）foodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofanimalsisnottheonlyreasonwhyweneedtoprotectwetlands.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyalsopreventflood.Butsomepeoplewanttochangethewetlandstomakemorespaceforfarmsandlessspaceforwildlife.Luckily,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethatweshouldprotectthewetlandsassoonaspossible.Everyyear,onFebruary2nd,manyactivitiesareheldtotellpeoplemoreaboutwetlands..WhereistheChineseYellowSeaWetlands?.HowmanyMiludeerliveinMiluDeerNatureReserve?WhyarewetlandsimportantforhumanbeingsbesidesofferingfoodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofWhyarewetlandsimportantforhumanbeingsbesidesofferingfoodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofanimals?WhatspecialbirdscanyouseeintheYellowSeaWetlandseverywinter?Whenaremanyactivitiesheldeveryyeartoprotectthewetlands?【答案】6.InYancheng,JiangsuProvince.7.Morethan700.8.Becausetheyalsopreventflood.9.Red-crownedcranes.10.OnFebruary2nd.【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国的湿地的重要性以及保护湿地的原因及措施。根据第二段“TheChineseYellowSeaWetlandsareamongthem.TheyareinYancheng,JiangsuProvince”可知，中国黄海湿地在江苏盐城。故填InYancheng,JiangsuProvinceo根据第二段“Morethan700Miludeerlivefreelythere”可知，有700多只麋鹿生活在麋鹿自然保护区。故填Morethan700o根据第三段“Offeringfoodandhomefbrsomespecialkindsofanimalsisnottheonlyreasonwhyweneedtoprotectwetlands.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyalsopreventflood”可知，湿地对人类如此重要，还因为它们可以防止洪水。故填Becausetheyalsopreventfloodo根据第二段“Therearenotmanyred-crownedcranesintheworld,buteverywinteryoucanseesomeintheRed-crownedCraneNatureReserveintheYellowSeaWetlands”，可知黄海湿地有丹顶鹤，需作肯定回答。故填Yes,thereare。根据最后——段“Everyyear,onFebruary2nd,manyactivitiesareheldtotellpeoplemoreaboutwetlands”,可知每年的2月2日都会举行许多保护湿地的活动。故填OnFebruary2nd。三、Osmanthus（桂花）isoneofthemostbelovedautumnflowers.ItiswidelyplantedinChina,withaverylongplantinghistoryofmorethan2,500years.ThisfamousplantevenappearedinTheClassicofMountainsandSeas（《山海经》）.AndtheflowersareseeninthecitiesofHangzhou,Suzhou,andGuilinastheircityflower.Thename“osmanthus“comesfromtheGreek,wordosma,meaning“sweet”,andanthos,meaning“flower”.Sincetheancienttimes,osmanthushasbeenasymbolofgoodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.Legend（传说）hasitthattherewasanosmanthustreeonthemoon.AmannamedWuGangwasorderedtocutitdown.However,thetreecouldgrowagain.Wuhadtokeeponcuttingitagainandagainonthemoon.Thetreehasbeengrowingtillnow.OsmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated,soosmanthushasbecomethebestflowerforpeopletoenjoywithafullmoon.Ithasbeenlovedbymanypoets,includingLiOingzhaoandYangWanlifromtheSongDynasty,Yangwrotethatthesweetnessofosmanthusissocleanandrichthatit'shardtobelieveitcomesfromnatureandnotthemooninheaven.TheChinesepeople'sloveforosmanthushasbecomeapartoftheirdrinksculture.OsmanthuswineandteaarepopulartraditionalChinesedrinks.Forthosewhohaveasweettooth,therearemanyfoodsmadefromosmanthusflowers.Theflowersofosmanthuscanalsobecollectedtomakehoneyandjam.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。HowlonghaveChinesepeopleplantedosmanthus?Whatsymbolhastheword“osmanthus“beensincetheancienttimes?HowdidYangWanlidescribeaboutthesweetnessofosmanthus?WhyhasosmanthusbecomethebestflowertoenjoyonMid-AutumnFestival?Whatdoyouknowtheflowersofosmanthuscanbemadeinto?【答案】11.Morethan2,500years.12.Goodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.13.Socleanandrich./Itissocleanandrich./Cleanandrich.14.BecauseosmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated.15.Osmanthuswineandtea/Osmanthusdrinks,manyfoods,honeyandjam.【导语】本文主要讲述了桂花的一些基本信息。根据"ItiswidelyplantedinChina,withaverylongplantinghistoryofmorethan2,500years.“口J矢口，中国人种植桂花有超过2500年历史了,故填Morethan2,500years.根据“Sincetheancienttimes,osmanthushasbeenasymbolofgoodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.”可知，自古以来，桂花就象征着美好的事物，如和平、爱和幸福。故填Goodthings,likepeace,loveandhappiness.根据“Yangwrotethatthesweetnessofosmanthusissocleanandrichthatifshardtobelieveitcomesfromnatureandnotthemooninheaven.”可知，杨写道，桂花的甜是如此的干净和丰富，让人难以相信它来自大自然，而不是天上的月亮。故填Socleanandrich./Itissocleanandrich./Cleanandrich.根据"OsmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated,soosmanthushasbecomethebestflowerfbrpeopletoenjoywithafullmoon.”可矢口，桂花的花期在九月至十月，恰逢中秋节，因此桂花成为人们赏月的最佳花朵。故填BecauseosmanthusflowersbetweenSeptemberandOctober,anditiswhentheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebrated.根据“OsmanthuswineandteaarepopulartraditionalChinesedrinks.Forthosewhohaveasweettooth,therearemanyfoodsmadefromosmanthusflowers.Theflowersofosmanthuscanalsobecollectedtomakehoneyandjam.”可知，桂花可以制作桂花酒和花茶，桂花饮料，许多食物，还可以用来制作蜂蜜和果酱。故填Osmanthuswineandtea/Osmanthusdrinks,manyfoods,honeyandjam.四、Policedogsaregivenspecialtrainingtohelpthepolicewiththeirwork.Manydifferenttypesofdogscanbetrainedtodothiswork,butthebestknownonesareGermanshepherdsandbloodhounds.InBritain,policedogsusuallyhavea13-weektrainingcourseandmanydogsfail.Notalldogsmakegoodpolicedogs.Theymustbecompletelyreliableandobedient.Mostpolicedogslivewiththeirhandlersaspartofthefamily,buttheyarenotpets.Theyareworkingdogsandtheyhaveajobtodo.Policedogsaretrainedtochaseandholdpeoplewhoaretryingtogetawayfromthepolice.Policedogsarenotviciousanimals.Theyaretrainedtoholdontopeopleuntiltheirhandlertellsthemtoletgo.Policedogsoftengointodangerousplacesandtheyaregivenspecialveststoprotectthemfromknifeandgunattacks.Dogsarenotonlytrainedtochaseandcatchcriminals.Theyarealsousedforfollowingsuspectsorfindingmissingpeople.Thisisbecausesomedogs,suchasbloodhounds,haveaverygoodsenseofsmellandcanbetrainedtorecognizecertaintypesofsmells.Somedogsareusedtofindsurvivorsafterearthquakesorexplosionsandsomearespeciallytrainedtofinddeadbodies.Inmanycountriesdogsareusedinairportstocheckluggagefordrugsandbombs.Labradors,spanielsandbeaglesareusedforthisbecausetheyarefriendlydogsandpeoplearenotafraidofthem.回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。HowlongdoesthetrainingcourseforpolicedogsusuallylastinBritain?Whatprotectspolicedogswhentheygointodangerousplaces?.Whenwillpolicedogsletgoofthesuspect?.Whatcandogsbeusedforafterearthquakesorexplosions?WhycanLabradors,spanielsandbeaglesbeusedtocheckluggageinairports?［答案］16.Thirteen/13weeks.17.Specialvests.18.Whenthepolicetellthemto./Untilthehandlertellsthemto.19.Tofindsurvivorsanddeadbodies.20.Becausetheyarefriendly.【导语】本文主要介绍警犬的挑选、训练和工作。根据"InBritain,policedogsusuallyhavea13-weektrainingcourseandmanydogsfhiL”可矢口，在英国，警犬需要进行为期13周的训练。故填Thirteen/13weeks.根据"Policedogsoftengointodangerousplacesandtheyaregivenspecialveststoprotectthemfromknifeandgunattacks.”可知，当警犬进入危险地方时，它们会穿特殊的背心以保护它们免受刀和枪的攻击。故填Specialvests.根据"theyaretrainedtoholdontopeopleuntiltheirhandlertellsthemtoletgo.“可知，只有当警察或驯犬员让警犬放人它们才会放人。故填Whenthepolicetellthemto./Untilthehandlertellsthemto.根据"SomedogsareusedtofindsurvivorsafterearthquakesorexplosionsandsomearespeciallytrainedtofinddeadbodiesJ可知，在地震或爆炸现场，警犬可以搜寻幸存者或尸体。故填Tofindsurvivorsanddeadbodies.根据"Labradors,spanielsandbeaglesareusedforthisbecausetheyarefriendlydogsandpeoplearenotafraidofthem.”可知，因为它们很友好，所以可以在机场检查行李。故填Becausetheyarefriendly.五、阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。GenesisButlerhasbeenvegan（素食主义者）sinceshewas6.Now15,herdreamistoprotectanimalsandtheenvironment,andshehasbeenencouragingotherkidstojoinher.“WhenIfirstbecameavegan,Iknewanimalswerekilledtoproduceourfoodandfeltsorryaboutit.ThenIfoundouthoweatingtoomanyanimalswasalsobadforourplanet.Iwantedmorepeopletoknowthatwhenthey'reeatinganimalproducts,they'remakingachoicethatinfluencehowthefuturewillbefbreveryoneJshesaid.Tospreadherideas,GenesispresentedfortheTEDprogramatage10,becomingoneoftheyoungestTEDspeakersever.In2020,Genesisstartedherownnonprofitorganization（非营利性组织）,GenesisforAnimals.Anditraisesmoneytosupportanimalsanctuaries（收容所）aroundtheworld.ShealsoledYouthClimateSave,acampaign（运动）thataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts.“It'simportantthatkidsspeakup,becauseitshowsthey【答案】21.Sinceshewas6.22.BypresentingfortheTEDprogramatage10.23.Acampaignthataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts.24.Becausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutthere.25.Yes.【导语】本文主要介绍了GenesisBulter【答案】21.Sinceshewas6.22.BypresentingfortheTEDprogramatage10.23.Acampaignthataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts.24.Becausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutthere.25.Yes.【导语】本文主要介绍了GenesisBulter为保护动物和环境所做的努力。21.根据“GenesisButlerhasbeenvegansinceshewas61'可知，Genesis在六岁时成为一名素食主义者。故填Sinceshewas6.22.根据"Tospreadherideas,GenesispresentedfbrtheTEDprogramatage10,becomingoneoftheyoungest“Alotofyoungpeoplearethinking,'WhatcanIdoaboutclimate（气候）change?91startedYouthClimateSavebecausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutthere.”Genesishasastrongfeelingofwantingtosavetheenvironment.Marvel（漫威）discoversthatsheistheherotheyarelookingfor.SheisnowamemberofMarveEsHeroProject.HerstorywillbemadeintoamovieandshownonDisney.Itshowshowayoungherocanworktomakeadifferenceintheworld.WhendidGenesisbecomeavegan?HowdidGenesisspreadherideasofprotectinganimalsandtheenvironment?WhatisYouthClimateSave?WhydidGenesisstartYouthClimateSave?.WilltherebeamovieaboutGenesisinthefuture?TEDspeakersever.”可知，在10岁的时候通过为TED演讲传播她保护动物和环境的思想。故填BypresentingfortheTEDprogramatage10..根据“ShealsoledYouthClimateSave,acampaign（运动）thataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts."可知，YouthClimateSave是一项要求人们少买动物产品的运动。故填Acampaignthataskspeopletobuyfeweranimalproducts..根据"IstartedYouthClimateSavebecausetherewerekidswhoneededsupporttobecomeactivistsandgetthewordoutther已”可知，开始YouthClimateSave是因为有些孩子需要支持才能成为活动家，把消息传播出去。