2023届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2023届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解SummerProgramsareavailabletostudentsuponapplication.Pleaseconsultindividualcoursedescriptionsforrestrictionsandrequirements.IntensiveBeginningSwahiliIntensiveBeginningSwahiliisasummerabroadcourseforstudentswhohavenopriorproficiency(熟练)intheSwahililanguage.ThecourseistaughtinSwahiliandfocusesonacquiringbeginner-levelskillstoperformbasiccommunicationfunctionsinthecultureofSwahilispeakers.Opentocurrentfirstyearundergraduates,sophomores(大学二年级学生)andjuniors.Dates:25June—20AugustIntermediateChineseThiscourseisafour-weeksummerintensivelanguagecourse,conductedinpersonatPrincetonTheologicalSeminary.StudentsworkondevelopingastrongfoundationformodernspokenandwrittenChinese,withemphasisonthereadingofcontemporaryChinesedialogue.Enrollmentbyapplicationorinterview.Dates:10July—6AugustStudiesinSpanishLanguageandStyleThisisanintensive,fullimmersion(沉浸)courseinSpanishlanguageandArgentinehistory,cultureandart.Studentsdevelopadvancedlanguageskillswhilestudyinglanguageincontext,throughtheexplorationofthecityofBuenosAires,itsarchitecture,museums,andculturalandpoliticallife.OpentostudentswhohavecompletedtheSpanishlanguagerequirement.Dates:18July—20AugustAcceleratedSummerStudyTaughtattheScuolaNormaleSuperioreofPisa,Italy,thecoursewillbeteam-taughtbyaresidentPrincetonfacultyandanSNSfacultymember.Thecourseisdesignedtoincreasestudents’writingandspeakinglanguageproficiencylevelsandenablestudentstounderstandItalianculture,historyandliteraturewhileexploringtheforeigncity.NotopentoSeniors.Dates:24July—24August1．Whichcoursebeginsearliest?A．IntermediateChinese. B．AcceleratedSummerStudy.C．IntensiveBeginningSwahili. D．StudiesinSpanishLanguageandStyle.2．WhatcanthestudentstakingIntermediateChinesedo?A．Attendonlinelectures. B．PracticespokenChinese.C．Developpeopleskills. D．LearnclassicalChinese.3．Whatdothelasttwocourseshaveincommon?A．Theyfollowtheideaoflearningbydoing. B．Theyaretaughtinthesametargetlanguage.C．TheylastforthewholemonthofJuly. D．Theyareopentoanycollegestudent.Iamthinkingtodayaboutmynewfavoritething.It’sanappthatmyhusbandtoldmeafewyearsagothathelpsmebypassalltheobstacles(障碍)inmyway:potholes,heavytraffic,andevenspeedcameras.Tobehonest,whenmyhusbandfirsttoldmeaboutit,Ididn’tpaymuchattention.IwasonlygoingtoplacesIalreadyknewhowtogetto.Plus,Ilearnedtodrivefrommyfather—whoneverturnedtoamap.IthinkImistakenlyabsorbedthemessagethatrealdriversdidn’tneedamap;yousomehowjustmagicallyknewwheretogo.ItwasonlylaterthatIrealizedthatjustgettingadriver’slicensedidn’tmeanyouknewhowtogettoplaces—thatwaslessonone.Lessontwocamewhenmykidsstartedplayingontwodifferenttravelteams.Thedriversinourhouseholdsuddenlyhadtheneedtoheadindifferentdirectionsonthesameday.Suddenlymyappbecameverymeaningfultome.HowdidIevermanagetogettostrangeplayingfieldshiddensomewherewithoutit?ButthecrazythingIhavealsonoticedishowoftenIjustdon’tlistentoit.Whymightthatbe?DoIjustprefertheoldroutes,eveniftheyareactuallyworse?Iseeananalogy(类比)tothepresentmoment.Thereisevidencethatsomeoldideasandsomelongfamiliarideaswillsendusintoaboringunchanginglifestyle.Butforsomereasonwelikethembetterthananunfamiliarnewroutethatmighttakeusintoareaswe’veneverheardof,letalonevisited.Itcanbehardtoadmitwedon’tknoweverything.Asapersonwhostilldrivesan8-year-oldstickshiftandwhohasneverstoodinlineforanythingnew,Icertainlyunderstandthat.ButIalsotrytorememberthetimesIletgoofmyego(自负),ormyfear,andlearnedthatlifecouldbebetter.Notperfect—butbetter.IamgladIfinallylistenedtomyhusbandaboutthatapp.Hewasright.4．Whatdidtheauthorthinkoftheappattheverybeginning?A．Itwasmagical. B．Itwaspracticallyvalueless.C．Itwaspowerful. D．Itwasnotasgoodasamap.5．Whatwouldprobablymaketheauthorignoretheapp’sinstructions?A．Herdesiretoexplorealone. B．Herdoubtaboutthenewdevice.C．Herpreferenceforthenewroutes. D．Herrefusaltoexperiencechanges.6．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A．Sheiswillingtochallengeherself. B．Shecareslittleaboutothers’comments.C．Sherecognizesherproblemseasily. D．Sheistooinflexibletomakeanychange.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RealDriversKnowTheirWay B．ItPaystoTakeaNewRouteC．NewAppsMakeLifePerfect D．ItMatterstoListentoInnerVoiceResearcherssetupanexperimentinwhich5-year-oldsweretestedwiththeirfellowsunderdifferentcircumstancesoftransparency(透明)anddifferentaudiences.Theysetupastickermachinethatinsomesettingswastransparent,andothersettingsinwhichonlythegiverofstickersknewhowmanystickershecouldgive.Theyhadchildrengiveoutstickersinbothsettings.Theresultswerestriking:childrenwereconsistentlygenerousonlywhenthereceiverandaudienceofthestickerswerefullyawareofthedonationoptions.Childrenwerenotablyungenerouswhenthereceiverofstickerscouldn’tseetheoptions.Theresearcherssaid,“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehaviorinourstudyintheconditionwhentheycouldseethereceiverandtheirallocations(分配物)werefullyvisible;inallotherconditions,childrenwerestatisticallyungenerous,givingthereceiverthesmalleramountofstickers.”Theymadetheconclusionsthatataveryearlyage,childrenarelearninghowtopositionthemselvessocially.Wellbeforetheyapprehendthesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans,theythinkstrategicallyaboutgivingasafunctionofhowtheycangainareputationwithapeerasagenerouscitizenorpro-socialagentwhenthereceiverobservesthem.Childrenchangetheirbehaviorinresponsetohavinganaudience.Helpchildrengivetoothersinfullview,deliveringmealstofamilies,andinprivate,droppingofftreatsorsurprisesforthosewhoneedsupportwithoutsigningtheirnames.Also,childrenshouldberemindedthatthank-younotesarelovelybutunnecessarytoreceive.Whenwegivegiftsorlendhelptoothers,trytohelpchildrenrememberwhy—toprovidesomethingforanother.Itreallydoesn’thavetoberecognized.Whenathank-youcarddoesn’tcome,itdoesn’tmakeagiftanylessvaluableormeaningfulforthosewhowereluckyenoughtoreceive.8．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscover?A．Thegivers’behaviorgreatlyinspiredthereceiverstohelpinreturn.B．Thechildrengaveoutanequalnumberofstickersinbothsettings.C．Thepresenceofanaudienceaffectedchildren’sdecisionstogive.D．Donatinghelpedchildrentobecomemoregenerousinthefuture.9．Whichispro-socialbehavioraccordingtotheresearchers?A．Observingthegivers. B．Donatingmorestickers.C．Gainingareputation. D．Receivingmoreallocations.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehend”inParagraph3mean?A．Share. B．Predict. C．Confirm. D．Understand.11．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Tosuggestrecognizingothers’kindness. B．Toacknowledgethegiver’scontribution.C．Toconfirmthebenefitsofbeinggrateful. D．Toadviseinspiringgenerosityinchildren.Inanewfindingthatgoesagainstcurrentconservationpatterns,re-introducingwolvesandotherpredators(捕食者)toourlandscapesdoesnotamazinglyreducedeerpopulations,restoreworseningecosystemsorsignificantlythreatenlivestock(家禽),accordingtoanewstudy.“Thehopesandfearsthatwehaveonbothsidesofthedebate—neitherarerealized,”saidconservationbiologistBerndBlossey,professorofnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentatCornellUniversity.Ontheonehand,thereislittleevidenceforclaimsthatre-introducinglargepredatorssuchaswolves,bearsandmountainlionsisamajorthreattolivestockandwildanimalssuchaswhite-taileddeerandmuledeer.Whenthewolfwastakenofftheendangeredspecieslist,huntersandlivestockproducers,andsomestategovernments,calledforactiontosafeguardthewildlifetheywantedtohuntandthelivestockthatwastheirlivelihood.Butitisnearlyimpossibletoindependentlyevaluatethoseclaims,Blosseysaid.Otherfactorsalsokilllivestock,fromlightningstrikestoextremeweatheranddiseases.Ontheotherhand,theclaimthatwolvesandotherpredatorscancontroldeerpopulationsandrestoreworseningecosystemslacksevidenceaswell.“MeaningfullyreducingdeerpopulationsinWisconsinalonewouldrequiretensofthousandsofwolves,whichisecologicallyandsociallyimpossible,”saidBlossey.Andwolvesalonecan’trepairtheecologicaldamagehumanshavedone,hesaid.Apopularvideo“Howwolveschangerivers,”whichhasbeenviewedmorethan43milliontimes,suggeststhatthere-introductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkbenefitedtheentireecosystem.“IwasasfooledlikeeverybodyelsebythelovelystoriesthatcameoutofYellowstonesaying,youbringwolvesback,andyourestoretherivers,andeverything’ssatisfactory,”saidBlossey.Weshouldseelargepredatorslikewolvesasavaluablepartecologicalcommunitiesintheirownright,Blosseysaid,andnotjustfortheirfunction.“Aslongaspeoplelearntolivewithandtoleratethenew(old)neighbors,acarefulbutnotfullyconflict-freeexistenceappearspossible,”saidBlossey.12．WhichofthefollowingdoesBlosseyprobablyagreewith?A．Thelossoflivestockmaynotnecessarilybeduetowolves.B．PeopleshouldnottakewolvesofftheendangeredspecieslistC．Peopleshouldtakeactiontoprotectlivestockandwildanimals.D．Thethreattopredatorscomesfromclimatechangeanddiseases.13．WhichwordbestdescribesBlossey’sattitudetothevideo“Howwolveschangerivers”?A．Tolerant. B．Unclear.C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.14．WhatdoesBerndBlosseysayaboutlargepredatorsinthelastparagraph?A．Theyupsetthebalanceoftheecosystem.B．Theyshouldrightfullystayintheirhabitats.C．Theyarekeytorestoringtheenvironment.D．Theychangepeople’sviewaboutrewilding.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thevalueofhumans’livingtogetherwithanimalsB．Theimportanceofrestoringworseningecosystems.C．Adebateoverthethreattolivestockandwildanimals.D．Aclarificationoftheeffectsofbringingbackthewolves.二、七选五Theroadtolearninghowtotakepersonalresponsibilitycanbeadifficultone,butstartingsimplereallyworks.___16___Hereissomeadviceyouneedtofollow.●Focusonthebasicsofyourjourney.Justliketheocean,ourlifehasmanyupsanddowns.Ifyoustartbuildingasolidsailboat,youcanwithstand(经受)theweather.Thesolidboatrepresentsyourbasicneeds:safety,self-esteem(自尊)andconnectionwithothers.___17___●Openyoursailsandbewillingtofail.Donotlaytoomuchstressonthedestination.Justheadintherightdirection.___18___You’resupposedtotakethecouragetoreallyopenyoursails.Whenyoudevoteyourselftowhatyouaredoing,youwillforgetaboutyourinsecuritiesandworries.●___19___Asyousailthroughlife,areyoumakinggoalsandplans,orareyousimplylettingthingshappenandwatchinglifepass?Workingongoalsettingenablesyoutomeasureyourprogressandtakeresponsibilityforallyouhaveandhaven’tdonetoachievethem.●Liveinthemoment.Asyou’removingthroughtheoceanofyourlife,areyoureallyconcentratingoneachpresentmoment,orareyourthoughtssetonthepastandfuture?Doyoucomplainaboutmistakesothersmadethatforcedyouintoadifficultposition?___20___Starttakingpersonalresponsibilityforeachthoughtandemotionthatpassesthroughyou.A．Reachyourgoals.B．Moveforwardwithintention.C．Thenbegintotacklethemoredifficultaspects.D．Socheckinandmakesurethattheyarebeingmet.E．Stopblamingothersorsituationsifyoureallywanttoenjoyeachmoment.F．Everyonecanedgeclosertothatstagethroughtakingpersonalresponsibility.G．Youmustenjoythesailbyfindingpurposeandfollowingthatdesiretoexplore.三、完形填空MysonDarcy,10,begged“Nomoreneedles”,tearsrollingdownhischeeks.Seeinghimso___21___brokemyheart.Darcyhadasurgeryandtheneedlewouldprovideabloodtransfusion(输血).Itlookedlikethe___22___wassuccessful,butDarcyonlygotsicker.Darcyoftenasked,“Mom,whencanIseemy___23___?”“Soon,sweetie,”I’dreply.Butwithaweakimmune(免疫的)system,itwas___24___forhimtoreturntoschool.Atfirst,mywordsseemed___25___butasthemonthspassed,IwatchedasDarcybecame___26___.Whilehewasinhospital,hisfriendswereenjoyingtheirliveswithouthim.Icould___27___hewasgivingup.Iconsultedtheschoolabout___28___Darcy’seducationinthehopeofcreatingmore___29___forhimandIgotthereply“Ifhe’swellenough”.Atthatpoint,Iwonderedifthishadhappenedtothousandsofkidsaroundthecountry._____30_____,ayearlater,Darcygotbetterenoughtogobacktoschool!Oneday,Italkedwithsomefriends,whohad_____31_____kidstoo.Weallagreedthatthereshouldbeawaytokeepthemintheclassroom_____32_____withtheirmates,eveniftheycan’t_____33_____bethere.Later,wegottoknowsomesortofrobot,whichcouldjust_____34_____theneed.Ithenbecameafundraiserandfinallylaunchedanationalpilotprogram.Amother’spurelovenow_____35_____toallchildren.21．A．embarrassed B．upset C．rigid D．confused22．A．procedure B．project C．medicine D．experiment23．A．doctors B．cousins C．classmates D．pets24．A．natural B．necessary C．practical D．risky25．A．supportive B．misleading C．awkward D．familiar26．A．convinced B．withdrawn C．determined D．mean27．A．sense B．promise C．argue D．question28．A．reforming B．promoting C．assessing D．continuing29．A．excuses B．connections C．images D．rights30．A．Admittedly B．Similarly C．Thankfully D．Generally31．A．spoiled B．adopted C．sick D．difficult32．A．socializing B．competing C．struggling D．quarreling33．A．willingly B．secretly C．physically D．casually34．A．standupfor B．breakawayfrom C．comeupwith D．fitinwith35．A．occurs B．extends C．appeals D．belongs四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JingxiTaipingDrumisatraditionalformofdancingthatispopularinMentougouDistrictofBeijing.Theearliesthistoricalreferencesofthisart___36___(date)backtotheSpringandAutumnPeriodanddescribehowitwas___37___(initial)usedinceremoniestodriveawaybadspiritsandprayforgoodfortune.DuringtheQingDynasty,thedrumswerealsoplayedontheNewYear’sEveofthelunarcalendarattheimperialpalace.___38___consequence,theperformancealsobecameknownasthe“NewYearDrum”byBeijingers.Nowadays,thistypeofdrumdanceiscommonlyseen___39___(perform)duringthelastandfirstmonthofthelunaryearinmanylocalfestiveactivities,thus___40___(express)people’shopeofapeacefulandprosperous(繁荣的)yeartocome.ATaipingDrumisusuallymadeupofashell,aclothskin,andahandlewith___41___handfulofdecorativerings,andthissingle-sideddrumisusuallyplayedwithawoodenmallet(木槌).TraditionalChineseaesthetic(美学的)concepts___42___(reflect)inthedrumplaying,paceandformationchanges,allof___43___representdistinctivelocalfeatures.Withitsgreat___44___(popular),theJingxiTaipingDrumdancehasbeenperformedinlocalvillagesaswellasonnationalandinternational____45____(stage).Today,thetime-honoredfolkartisbeingtakenupbytheyounggenerationandispresentingitslivelyartisticcharm.五、告知信/通知46．假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，学生会准备开展一次“人工智能与未来教育”的专家讲座活动。请你写一则英语通知发布到学校英文网站，号召同学们积极参加，内容包括：1.活动时间和地点；2.专家简介和讲座内容；3.报名方式。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。HongxingHighSchoolNotice12thJune,2023Lecture:AIandTomorrow’sEducation________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHuaChairmanoftheStudentUnion六、读后续写47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。IusedtobeveryactiveinsportsandgameswhenIwasinprimaryschool.IwontheBDivisionlongjumpandwasagoodsprinter(短跑运动员).Asaresult,IwaschosentorepresenttheschoolinthelongjumpandrelayeventsattheDistrictSportsMeet.Beforethesportsmeet,Ihadputinalotofhardworkanddedicationduringthetrainingsessions.Iwokeupearlyeverymorningtogoforrunsanddidcountlessdrillstoimprovemytechnique.MyteammatesandIsupportedandencouragedeachotherduringtraining,pushingourselvestodobetterandachieveourgoals.Themeetlastedtwodays,Ihadnoeventsscheduledforthefirstday.SoIkeptmyselfbusybywatchingtheotherscompete.Largetentswereprovidedfortheyoungcompetitorsononesideofthetrack.Despitebeingassignedthelasttentthatwasfurthestfromthetrack,Imadethebestofthesituationbydecoratingitwithourschoolcolorsandcreatingasupportiveatmosphere.Thenextday,Iwasgettingreadyformyevents.Thelongjumpwasscheduledfortheearlyafternoon,followedbythe8×50mrelaylaterintheafternoon.IthoughtIwasaprettygoodjumper,butasthecompetitionbegan,IrealizedIwasvastlyoutclassed.Wefinishedourjumps,andIcameinfourthplace,justmissingoutonamedal.Thatwasdisappointing,butIremindedmyselfthatwestillhadachanceinthe8×50mrelay,forwhichIwasassignedtorunthefifthleg.Theracedatearrived.Wefiledintoourassignedspotsandpreparedfortherace.Afteratenseminuteorso,Iheardthestarter’sgungooff.Whenthefirstrunnerstookoff,Iwatchednervouslyandexcitedlyasmyteamrunnerskeptupwiththeothers.Astheygotcloser,Irealizedwewereatleastinsecondplace.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MyturnarrivedandItookthebaton(接力棒)cleanlyandbeganmyrun.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asaresult,Ileftthemeetempty-handed.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．C2．B3．A【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个暑期课程。1．细节理解题。通过比较四个课程的开设日期可知，IntensiveBeginningSwahili开始最早，6月25日开始，其余三个都是7月开始。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据IntermediateChinese部分“StudentsworkondevelopingastrongfoundationformodernspokenandwrittenChinese,withemphasisonthereadingofcontemporaryChinesedialogue.(学生们致力于为现代汉语口语和书面语打下坚实的基础，重点是阅读当代汉语对话。)”可知，学习中级汉语的学生可以练习汉语口语。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据StudiesinSpanishLanguageandStyle部分“Studentsdevelopadvancedlanguageskillswhilestudyinglanguageincontext,throughtheexplorationofthecityofBuenosAires,itsarchitecture,museums,andculturalandpoliticallife.(学生们通过探索布宜诺斯艾利斯市、其建筑、博物馆以及文化和政治生活，在学习语言的同时发展高级语言技能。)”以及AcceleratedSummerStudy部分“Thecourseisdesignedtoincreasestudents’writingandspeakinglanguageproficiencylevelsandenablestudentstounderstandItalianculture,historyandliteraturewhileexploringtheforeigncity.(该课程旨在提高学生的写作和口语水平，使学生在探索外国城市的同时了解意大利文化、历史和文学。)”可知，最后两门课都遵循“在实践中学习”的理念。故选A。4．B5．D6．A7．B【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从对使用一款应用程序的看法的改变领悟出我们应学会接受改变。4．细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Tobehonest,whenmyhusbandfirsttoldmeaboutit,Ididn’tpaymuchattention.(老实说，当我丈夫第一次告诉我这件事时，我并没有太在意。)”以及“IthinkImistakenlyabsorbedthemessagethatrealdriversdidn’tneedamap;yousomehowjustmagicallyknewwheretogo.(我想我错误地吸收了真正的司机不需要地图的信息；你不知怎么就神奇地知道该去哪里了。)”可知，当作者一开始接触这个应用程序时，她决定它毫无价值。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Thereisevidencethatsomeoldideasandsomelongfamiliarideaswillsendusintoaboringunchanginglifestyle.Butforsomereasonwelikethembetterthananunfamiliarnewroutethatmighttakeusintoareaswe’veneverheardof,letalonevisited.(有证据表明，一些古老的想法和一些长期熟悉的想法会让我们进入一种无聊而一成不变的生活方式。但出于某种原因，我们更喜欢它们，而不是一条陌生的新路线，它可能会把我们带到我们从未听说过的地区，更不用说去过了。)”可知，作者忽略应用程序的说明是因为她拒绝经历改变。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButIalsotrytorememberthetimesIletgoofmyego(自负),ormyfear,andlearnedthatlifecouldbebetter.Notperfect—butbetter.IamgladIfinallylistenedtomyhusbandaboutthatapp.Hewasright.(但我也试着记住那些我放下自负或恐惧的时刻，并学会了生活可以变得更好。不完美但更好。我很高兴终于听了我丈夫关于那个应用程序的话。他是对的。)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出，作者愿意挑战自己。故选A。7．主旨大意题。本文从作者对使用一款应用程序的看法的改变领悟出我们应学会接受改变。从最后一段“ButIalsotrytorememberthetimesIletgoofmyego(自负),ormyfear,andlearnedthatlifecouldbebetter.Notperfect—butbetter.IamgladIfinallylistenedtomyhusbandaboutthatapp.Hewasright.(但我也试着记住那些我放下自负或恐惧的时刻，并学会了生活可以变得更好。不完美但更好。我很高兴终于听了我丈夫关于那个应用程序的话。他是对的。)”可以看出，作者最后愿意挑战自己。B项“ItPaystoTakeaNewRoute(走一条新路线是值得的)”最能概括本文主旨。故选B。8．C9．B10．D11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。如何激发孩子的慷慨？研究表明，当别人意识到他们的行为时，孩子会更慷慨。本文主要介绍了这一研究结果并就如何从小培养慷慨提供了建议。8．细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Theresultswerestriking:childrenwereconsistentlygenerousonlywhenthereceiverandaudienceofthestickerswerefullyawareofthedonationoptions.Childrenwerenotablyungenerouswhenthereceiverofstickerscouldn’tseetheoptions.(结果是惊人的：只有当贴纸的接收者和受众完全了解捐赠选项时，孩子们才会一直慷慨解囊。当贴纸的接收者看不到任何选项时，孩子们明显不慷慨。)”可知，研究人员发现观众的存在影响了孩子们做出的决定。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据第二自然段“Theresearcherssaid,“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehaviorinourstudyintheconditionwhentheycouldseethereceiverandtheirallocations(分配物)werefullyvisible;inallotherconditions,childrenwerestatisticallyungenerous,givingthereceiverthesmalleramountofstickers.”(研究人员表示，“在我们的研究中，只有当孩子们能够看到接收者，并且他们的分配完全可见时，他们才会表现出一贯的亲社会行为；在所有其他情况下，从统计数据来看，孩子们都很吝啬，给接收者的贴纸数量较少。”)”可知，研究人员认为，捐赠更多贴纸，即慷慨，是亲社会行为。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“Theymadetheconclusionsthatataveryearlyage,childrenarelearninghowtopositionthemselvessocially.(他们得出的结论是，在很小的时候，孩子们就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。)”可知，孩子们在很小的时候就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。根据划线词前“Wellbefore(在……之前)”以及其后“thesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans(网络的社会学以及社会声誉的真正含义)”可知，孩子们早在他们理解网络的社会学以及社会声誉的真正含义之前就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。故apprehend意为“理解”。A.Share.分享；B.Predict.预测；C.Confirm.证实；D.Understand.理解。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Helpchildrengivetoothersinfullview,deliveringmealstofamilies,andinprivate,droppingofftreatsorsurprisesforthosewhoneedsupportwithoutsigningtheirnames.Also,childrenshouldberemindedthatthank-younotesarelovelybutunnecessarytoreceive.Whenwegivegiftsorlendhelptoothers,trytohelpchildrenrememberwhy—toprovidesomethingforanother.Itreallydoesn’thavetoberecognized.

(帮助孩子们在众目睽睽之下给予他人，为家人送餐，私下里为那些需要支持的人送去零食或惊喜，而不需要签名。此外，应该提醒孩子们，感谢信很可爱，但没有必要收到。当我们给别人礼物或帮助别人时，试着帮助孩子记住为什么要为别人提供一些东西。它真的不需要被认可。)”可知，最后一段旨在就从小培养慷慨提供建议。故选D。12．A13．C14．B15．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，在一项与当前保护模式相悖的新发现中，将狼和其他食肉动物重新引入我们的景观并不会令人惊讶地减少鹿的数量，恢复日益恶化的生态系统，也不会严重威胁牲畜。本文主要对带回狼群的影响进行了澄清。12．细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Ontheonehand,thereislittleevidenceforclaimsthatre-introducinglargepredatorssuchaswolves,bearsandmountainlionsisamajorthreattolivestockandwildanimalssuchaswhite-taileddeerandmuledeer.(一方面，几乎没有证据表明重新引入狼、熊和山狮等大型食肉动物是对牲畜和白尾鹿和骡鹿等野生动物的主要威胁。)”可知，Blossey认为牲畜的损失不一定是因为狼。故选A。13．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Ontheotherhand,theclaimthatwolvesandotherpredatorscancontroldeerpopulationsandrestoreworseningecosystemslacksevidenceaswell.”（另一方面，关于狼和其他食肉动物可以控制鹿的数量并恢复日益恶化的生态系统的说法也缺乏证据）““IwasasfooledlikeeverybodyelsebythelovelystoriesthatcameoutofYellowstonesaying,youbringwolvesback,andyourestoretherivers,andeverything’ssatisfactory,”saidBlossey.(Blossey说：“我和其他人一样被黄石公园传出的可爱故事愚弄了，这些故事说，你把狼带回来，你恢复了河流，一切都很令人满意。”)”可知，Blossey对视频“狼如何改变河流”持怀疑态度。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weshouldseelargepredatorslikewolvesasavaluablepartecologicalcommunitiesintheirownright,Blosseysaid,andnotjustfortheirfunction.“Aslongaspeoplelearntolivewithandtoleratethenew(old)neighbors,acarefulbutnotfullyconflict-freeexistenceappearspossible,”saidBlossey.(Blossey说，我们应该把像狼这样的大型食肉动物视为生态群落的宝贵组成部分，而不仅仅是因为它们的功能。Blossey说：“只要人们学会与新（旧）邻居相处并容忍他们，谨慎但不完全没有冲突的生活似乎是可能的。”)”可知，BerndBlossey在最后一段中说到，大型食肉动物应该被视为生态群落的宝贵组成部分且人们应学会与新（旧）邻居相处并容忍他们，所以他认为大型食肉动物应该呆在自己的栖息地。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Ontheonehand,thereislittleevidenceforclaimsthatre-introducinglargepredatorssuchaswolves,bearsandmountainlionsisamajorthreattolivestockandwildanimalssuchaswhite-taileddeerandmuledeer.(一方面，几乎没有证据表明重新引入狼、熊和山狮等大型食肉动物是对牲畜和白尾鹿和骡鹿等野生动物的主要威胁。)”和第三自然段“Ontheotherhand,theclaimthatwolvesandotherpredatorscancontroldeerpopulationsandrestoreworseningecosystemslacksevidenceaswell.(另一方面，关于狼和其他食肉动物可以控制鹿的数量并恢复日益恶化的生态系统的说法也缺乏证据。)”可知，本文主要对带回狼群的影响进行了澄清。故选D。16．C17．D18．G19．B20．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要就如何承担个人责任提出了一些建议。16．根据上文“butstartingsimplereallyworks(但从简单开始确实有效)”可知，上文介绍从简单开始学习如何承担个人责任。C项“Thenbegintotacklethemoredifficultaspects.(然后开始解决更困难的方面。)”中的“Then”和“themoredifficult”分别承接上文的“starting”和“simple”，符合语境，故选C项。17．根据上文“Thesolidboatrepresentsyourbasicneeds:safety,self-esteem(自尊)andconnectionwithothers.(坚固的船代表了你的基本需求：安全、自尊和与他人的联系。)”可知，上文介绍了人的基本需求。D项“Socheckinandmakesurethattheyarebeingmet.(所以请检查并确保他们得到了满足。)”中的they指代上文的basicneeds，且met与needs呼应，符合语境，故选D项。18．根据下文“You’resupposedtotakethecouragetoreallyopenyoursails.Whenyoudevoteyourselftowhatyouaredoing