河南省信阳市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）

2021—2022学年度高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题(测试时间：120分钟卷面总分；150分)注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。2.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1、5分，满分7、5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthemanusuallygotohisoffice?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bytrain.2.Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inthelibrary.B.Inthebookstore.C.Inthepostoffice.3.Whatdoesthewomanplantodonext?A.WatchaTVprogram.B.Finishherhomework.C.Gotoalocalconcert.4.Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?A.Hisboss.B.Hisassistant.C.Hiscustomer.5.Howoftendoesthemanworkoutnow?A.Twiceaweek.B.Onceaweek.C.Everyotherday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcanwelearnfromthemanspeaker?A.Heprefersasmokingroom.B.Hewantstobookaroomfortwo.C.Hechoosesaroomonthesecondfloor.7Howmuchwillthemanpayfortheroom?A.80dollars.B.88dollars.C.96dollars.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Husbandandwife.C.Neighbors.9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A.Talkwiththewoman.B.Gototheairport.C.SeeMr.Brownoff.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.HowmanypeoplearethereinPeter'sfamily?A.3.B.4.C.5.11.Whendothewholefamilywalkthedog?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.12.WhatdoesPeterdoathome?A.Dothelaundry.B.Cookfood.C.Sweepthefloor.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheman'slifelikerightnow?A.Quiet.B.Hard.C.Busy.14.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Awriter.B.Aneditor.C.Adoctor.15.Whatarethewoman'sfavoritesportsatthegym?A.Runninganddancing.B.Swimmingandrunning.C.Swimmingandliftingweights.16.Howlongwillthetwospeakersstayatthegym?A.Atleastthreehours.B.Lessthantwohours.C.Abouttwoandahalfhours.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoworksinthepolicestation?A.Thespeaker'smother.B.Thespeaker'sbrother.C.Thespeaker'sfather.18.Whatweretheofficersdoingwhenthespeakerarrived?A.Havingameeting.B.Dealingwithacase.C.Practisingbasicskills.19.Whatdidthecalloperatoraskthewomantodo?A.Fightwiththieves.B.Movetoasafeplace.C.Hidehervaluables.20.Howdidthespeakerfeelabouthisvisit?A.Bored.B.Tired.C.Excited.第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题、每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列材料、从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。AAlotofyourchildhoodwasprobablyspentinanordinaryclassroomwitholddesksandchairs.That'sbecauseyouwenttoanaverageschool.Sowhetheryoulovedyourschoolorwishedyouwenttooneofthefollowingnow,you'llneverthinkofschoolingthesamewayagain.TrainPlatformsasSchoolRoomsNow,mostchildrenhavetotakeabusortraintoschool.However,theydon'tusuallystopontheplatformandlearnmaths.InOrissa,India,inordertotrytolowerthechancesofchildrenquittingschool,onewomandecidedthatshewouldbringtheschooltothekidsanditcertainlyworked!FloatingSchoolEachyearinsummer,theriversinBangladeshflood.Andkidsareleftwithoutawaytoschool.However,oneclevertowndecidedtohavelessonson100boatsinsteadaswellashealthcarecentreandhomes.Withtheinternetaccess,computersandalibraryit'saprettyhightechschool!ElfSchoolInIcelandtherearealotofstoriesaboutelves.Accordingtotheschooltherearedifferenttypesofelvesthathaveavarietyofuses.Theschoolgenerallytrainspeopleinthepracticeofelvesinthehopetheycansomehowhelpthegovernment.TheIcelandicpolicehavebeenknowntoaskforanelf'shelpwhenmeetingtrouble.RealLifeClownSchoolTheRinglingBrotherssetupanumberofcoursesandschoolsaroundtheUnitedStatestoteachthestudentstheartofclowningaround.Imaginewearingabrightrednosewhilekidsarelaughingaroundyouforaballoonanimal.1.WhowasTrainPlatformSchoolbuiltfor?A.ThestudentswillingtolearntheartofclowningB.Thestudentswhocannotpaytheirhigheducation.C.Thechildrenwhocannotcatchthetraintoschool.D.Theyoungchildrenwhoareforcedtoquitschool.2.Whichschoolonlyexistsduringoneparticulartimeoftheyear?A.ElfSchool. B.TheFloatingSchool.C.RealLifeClownSchool. D.TheTrainPlatformSchool.3.WhatisspecialaboutRealLifeClownSchool?A.Thestudentscanhaveclassesontrains. B.Theschooltrainspeopletohelpsociety.C.Thestudentsusecomputersandalibrary. D.Thestudentslearntoentertainchildren.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所特别的学校。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“InOrissa,India,inordertotrytolowerthechancesofchildrenquittingschool,onewomandecidedthatshewouldbringtheschooltothekidsanditcertainlyworked!(在印度的奥里萨邦，为了降低孩子们辍学的机会，一位妇女决定把学校带到孩子们身边，这确实奏效了！)”可知，为了减低孩子们的辍学率，一位女教育工作者建起站台学校。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Eachyearinsummer,theriversinBangladeshflood.Andkidsareleftwithoutawaytoschool.(每年夏天，孟加拉国的河流都会发洪水。孩子们没有去学校的路)”可知，水上学校只在一年中的某个特定时间存在。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“TheRinglingBrotherssetupanumberofcoursesandschoolsaroundtheUnitedStatestoteachthestudentstheartofclowningaround.Imaginewearingabrightrednosewhilekidsarelaughingaroundyouforaballoonanimal.(林林兄弟在美国各地设立了许多课程和学校，向学生传授小丑的艺术。想象一下，你戴上一个鲜红的鼻子，孩子们为了一个气球动物而围着你笑)”可知，在RealLifeClownSchool中，学生们学会给孩子们带来快乐。故选D。B“Peg,doyouthinkIcanpulltherope?”Thequestionwasaskedbeforewemademarksoneachofourcows.Hehadpulledtheropeforyears.Heknewtheanswerbeforeheasked,butheaskedanyway.Ianswered,“Dad,Iknowyoucan’tpullitforallthecows,butforafewyouwilldogreat.Yougetouthereandwewillgiveitachance.”Untilthelastmomentonthecows,tobeexact,therewerethreeleft,Ifinallysawhimdrivingslowlydownthehill.Asheapproached,westoppedtowaitforhim.Hedroveoverslowly,parkedhiscarandgotoutwithgreatdifficulty.Hemadehiswaytotherope,notaneasytaskat93.Tearswererunningdownhisfaceaswellasmine.Dad'stearsweren’ttearsofsadnessforwhathewasnolongerabletodo,buttearsofthankfulnessthathewasabletopulltheropeforthreecows.Hislastwordswhenheleft,“There,Iworked,nowIcaneat!”Thatday,thosethreecowswerejustwhatheneeded.Itwasthelasttimemydadwouldpulltherope.Attheageof95mydadchangedhisaddressfromearthtoheaven,adayhehadlongedfor.Hewassuchadiamondinmylife.Mydadpassedonhisloveofbirdsandallfarmanimalstome.HeusedtobeabraveWorldWarIpilot.Helovedmymother,hisfamily,hiscountry,andhisfriends.Thelessonshetaughtmeareonesthatwillneverbeforgotten.Iamgratefulforthetimeandbeautifulmemories.Missyouonthespecialday—Father’sDay,dad.4.Howdidthefatheraskthequestion?A.Insurprise. B.Outofpatience. C.Onpurpose. D.Inanger.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.Thefarmworkerswereconsiderate. B.Theauthorgotalongwellwithhisco-workers.C.Hisfatherwasoldenoughnottowork. D.Hisfatherhadverydeeploveforwork.6.Whatdidtheauthormainlytellusinthethirdparagraph?A.Hisfatherhasagreatinfluenceonhim. B.Hisfatherlovedbirdsandfarmanimals.C.Hisfatherpassedawayattheageof95. D.Hisfatherhadarightattitudetodeath.7.Whatwasthepurposeoftheauthortowritethearticle?A.Tomeasure. B.Toremember. C.Tocomment. D.Toadvertise.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文中作者回忆了父亲生前酷爱劳动，而父亲的经历和品质也深深影响了作者，作者在父亲节这天怀念自己的父亲。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Heknewtheanswerbeforeheasked,butheaskedanyway.(他在问之前就知道答案，但他还是问了)”可知，父亲是明知故问。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Tearswererunningdownhisfaceaswellasmine.Dad’stearsweren’ttearsofsadnessforwhathewasnolongerabletodo,buttearsofthankfulnessthathewasabletopulltheropeforthreecows.Hislastwordswhenheleft,“There,Iworked,nowIcaneat!”(爸爸的眼泪不是因为他不能再做什么而悲伤的眼泪，而是因为他能够为三头牛拉绳子而感激的眼泪。他离开时的最后一句话是：“在那里，我工作了，现在我可以吃饭了!”)”可知，爸爸把劳动当成吃饭的条件，即爸爸酷爱劳动。故选D。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Itwasthelasttimemydadwouldpulltherope.Attheageof95mydadchangedhisaddressfromearthtoheaven,adayhehadlongedfor.Hewassuchadiamondinmylife.Mydadpassedonhisloveofbirdsandallfarmanimalstome.HeusedtobeabraveWorldWarIpilot.Helovedmymother,hisfamily,hiscountry,andhisfriends.Thelessonshetaughtmeareonesthatwillneverbeforgotten.Iamgratefulforthetimeandbeautifulmemories.(那是我爸最后一次拉绳子。在95岁的时候，我父亲把他的地址从人间变成了天堂，这是他渴望已久的一天。他是我生命中的一颗钻石。我爸爸把他对鸟类和所有农场动物的喜爱传给了我。他曾经是一名勇敢的一战飞行员。他爱我的母亲、他的家庭、他的国家和他的朋友。他教给我的教训是我永远不会忘记的。我感激那些时光和美好的回忆)”可推知，这一段主要在描述父亲的经历和品质，也就是爸爸对作者的影响。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Missyouonthespecialday—Father’sDay,dad.(爸爸，在这特别的日子一父亲节时我想念您)”可推知，写这篇文章的目的是怀念父亲。故选B。CNomatterwhereyougointheworld,youwillnoticesomethingunusualaboutthetrees—theirtrunks(树干)arepaintedwhite,Peoplewhitewashtreesforavarietyofreasons,dependingontheareatheylivein.InMexico,thepurposeofwhitewashingistoprotectthetreeandfightagainstaspecifictypeofant.Greeceisanothercountrywhereyoucanfindtreespaintedwhite.Accordingtotradition,duringEaster(复活节),everythinggetswhitewashed.MakesuretoplanyournexttriptoGreeceifyouwon’twanttomissthisinterestinganduniquetradition.Generallyspeaking,themainpurposeofwhitewashingistoprotectthetreefromheatandinsects.Andfewareaseffectiveandaccessibleaswhitewashing.Whenthetreeisexposedtotoomuchsuninthedaytime,thetreecellsbecomemoreactive;however,therootsaswellastheotherunexposedareasofthetreeremaininactive.Ifthewaterthatthetreeneedscannotbeprovidedfromtheroots,thetreewillhaveadrysurface.Onceyouwhitewashthem,thesurfacesofyoungtreeswon’tgetdryeasily.Purewhitepaintworksefficientlywhenitcomestoreflectingbothheatandsunlightawayfromthetree.Whitepaintallowsthetreetospendmoretimetakingincarbondioxide(CO2).Themorecarbondioxidethetreestakein,themoreenergytheycreate.Gardenerswhitewashtreesnotonlyforprotectingtheirtreesbutalsoincreasingfruitproduction.Ifthetreeissufferingfrombeingsunburned,thewoundcanalsoallowtheinsectstoentertheinsideofthetree.Moreover,relativediseasescanaffecthowthetreegrows.Whitewashpreventsanyaccesstotheinsideofthetree.Paintingthetreeswhitewon’tstoptrafficaccidents,butitcanmakethemlessfrequent,becausedriverscanseethetreesmuchmoreclearly,evenduringthenight.8.ForwhatreasondothepeoplepaintthetreeswhiteinGreece?A.Tohavethetreesseenmoreclearly. B.Toprotectthetreesfromextremeheat.C.Tocelebrateafamoustraditionalfestival. D.Tomakethesurroundingsmorebeautiful.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Insectsanddiseasescancertainlykillthetrees.B.Thetreecellsbecomemoreactiveinthedaytime.C.Paintingthetreeswhitemaystoptrafficaccidents.D.Whitewashingthetreesmayincreasefruitproduction.10.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howweshouldpaintthetreeswhite B.WhythetreetrunksarewhitewashedC.Whenitisthebesttimetopaintthetrees D.Whatweshoulddobeforepaintingthetrees11.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Ahealthreport. B.Atravelhandbook.CAscientificmagazine. D.Aproductadvertisement.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地都喜欢粉刷树木，说明了不同地方把树干涂成白色的原因各不相同以及人们把树干涂成白色的好处。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Accordingtotradition,duringEaster(复活节),everythinggetswhitewashed.MakesuretoplanyournexttriptoGreeceifyouwon’twanttomissthisinterestinganduniquetradition.(按照传统，复活节期间，所有东西都会被刷白。如果你不想错过这个有趣而独特的传统，一定要计划你的下一次希腊之旅)”可知，希腊人把树涂成白色的原因是庆祝一个著名的传统节日。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中“Gardenerswhitewashtreesnotonlyforprotectingtheirtreesbutalsoincreasingfruitproduction.(园丁们粉刷树木不仅是为了保护树木，也为了增加果实产量)”可推知，粉刷树木可以增加果实产量。故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nomatterwhereyougointheworld,youwillnoticesomethingunusualaboutthetrees—theirtrunks(树干)arepaintedwhite,Peoplewhitewashtreesforavarietyofreasons,dependingontheareatheylivein.(无论你走到世界的哪个地方，你都会注意到这些树的不同寻常之处——它们的树干被漆成白色。人们粉刷树木的原因有很多，这取决于他们生活的地区)”再结合前三段以墨西哥和希腊为例说明，不同地方把树干涂成白色的原因各不相同；第四、五、六、七和八段，讲述人们把树干涂成白色的好处。综上，整篇文章在讲述人们把树干涂成白色的原因。B选项“为什么树干被粉刷”最符合文章标题。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Nomatterwhereyougointheworld,youwillnoticesomethingunusualaboutthetrees—theirtrunks(树干)arepaintedwhite,Peoplewhitewashtreesforavarietyofreasons,dependingontheareatheylivein.(无论你走到世界的哪个地方，你都会注意到这些树的不同寻常之处——它们的树干被漆成白色。人们粉刷树木的原因有很多，这取决于他们生活的地区)”以及作者在讲述人们把树干涂成白色的好处。属于科普类范畴。所以短文来自于科普杂志。故选C。DWhendealingwithchildren,wefindthatthecarrotismuchmorepowerfulthanthestick.Childrenfocusontasksupto30%morewhenteacherspraisethemforgoodbehaviorratherthanpunishthemforbeingtroublemaking.Iftheywanttoimprovestudents’behaviorinclassrooms,theteachersshouldpraisemoreandpunishless.Unfortunately,previousresearchhasshownthatteacherstendtopunishstudentsforproblembehaviormorethantheypraisethemforappropriatebehavior,whichcanhaveanoppositeeffectandworsenstudents'behavior.Researchersattended151classesin19elementaryschoolsacrossMissouri,TennesseeandUtah.Duringathree-yearperiodtheyobserved2,536studentsfromkindergartentosixthgrade.Theideathatpraisecanresultingreaterfocusthanpunishmentisnotsurprising.Whenkidsreceivepraise,itactivatescertainfeel-goodchemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalscanimprovethefunctioninginthepartsofthebrainthatareresponsibleforthingslikefocus,attention,planningandproblem-solving.Punishmenthastheoppositeeffect.Whenseverecriticismorpunishmentisused,itcanactivatethepartofthebrainresponsibleforfear.Whenfearresponsesareactivated,thechemicalscanactuallycloudthepartsofthebrainthatareneededforfocus.Researchersinthepasthavegivenaspecificratioofpraisetocriticismthatleadstothegreatestfocusinclassrooms,butwhatwefoundoutwasthatthereisnoparticularratio.Thehigherthepraiseis,thebettertheresultsare.Thisstudysuggeststhatpraiseisanimportanttoolforteachersandcanhelpmotivatestudentstoworkharder,especiallychildrenwhoaretroublemakinginclassorstruggleacademically.Usingpraiseovercriticismorpunishmentwouldhavebenefitsoutsideoftheclassroomaswell.Insteadofpunishment,constructivecriticismcanbeused,butitshouldbebalancedwithpraiseinordertocreateasafeenvironmentwherekidsaremotivatedtofocus,learnandgrow.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stick”meaninParagraph1?A.Alongthinbranchfromatree. B.Apieceofwoodusedforwalking.C.Thewrongideaormisunderstanding. D.Physicalpunishmentorseverecriticism.13.Whomdidtheresearchersmainlychoosetocarryouttheirexperimentsaccordingtothetext?A.Elementarystudents. B.Kindergartenstudents.C.Middleschoolstudents. D.Collegestudents.14.Whatisinferredfromthepassage?A.Punishmentcanbenefitthetroublemakingstudents.B.Praisecanresultinbetterfocusandattentiongreatly.C.Praisemaycontributetothestudents'impracticalpride.D.Punishmentcanforcethestudentstoconcentratebetter.15.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardscriticism?A.Criticismiscompletelyharmfultothechildren.B.Itisimpossibletoknowwhethercriticismisgood.C.Usedcorrectly,propercriticismisrecommended.D.Criticismcanbeonlyusedoutsidetheclassrooms.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了想要改善学生在课堂上的行为，老师应该多表扬少惩罚。文章介绍了相关研究的开展情况，以及研究发现当孩子受到表扬时，大脑中某些让人感觉良好的化学物质会被激活。这些化学物质可以改善大脑中负责集中注意力、计划和解决问题的部分的功能。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Childrenfocusontasksupto30%morewhenteacherspraisethemforgoodbehaviorratherthanpunishthemforbeingtroublemaking.Iftheywanttoimprovestudents’behaviorinclassrooms,theteachersshouldpraisemoreandpunishless.”以及画线词上文“wefindthatthecarrotismuchmorepowerfulthanthe”可知，当老师表扬孩子们的良好行为，而不是因为他们捣蛋而惩罚他们时，孩子们专注于任务的时间会增加30%。如果他们想要改善学生在课堂上的行为，老师应该多表扬少惩罚，即：表扬比体罚或严厉批评更有力量，可知，stick指的是“体罚或严厉批评”。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchersattended151classesin19elementaryschoolsacrossMissouri,TennesseeandUtah.Duringathree-yearperiodtheyobserved2,536studentsfromkindergartentosixthgrade.(研究人员参加了密苏里州、田纳西州和犹他州19所小学的151个班级。在三年的时间里，他们观察了2536名从幼儿园到六年级的学生)”可知，研究对象以小学生为主。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Whenkidsreceivepraise,itactivatescertainfeel-goodchemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalscanimprovethefunctioninginthepartsofthebrainthatareresponsibleforthingslikefocus,attention,planningandproblem-solving.(当孩子受到表扬时，大脑中某些让人感觉良好的化学物质会被激活。这些化学物质可以改善大脑中负责集中注意力、计划和解决问题的部分的功能)”可推知，表扬能极大地提高注意力。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Insteadofpunishment,constructivecriticismcanbeused,butitshouldbebalancedwithpraiseinordertocreateasafeenvironmentwherekidsaremotivatedtofocus,learnandgrow.(可以用建设性的批评来代替惩罚，但它应该与表扬相平衡，以便创造一个安全的环境，让孩子们有动力集中精力，学习和成长)”可知，作者对批评的态度是建议正确使用和适当的批评。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Facingourfailurescanbedifficult,butitisvaluable.Failuresarenottheendings,butthebeginningsoflearningexperiencesthatcanhelpinspireyouontothenextsuccess.____16____.·AdmitYourMistakesThebiggestdifficultywefaceingettingoverourfailuresandturningthemintosuccessesisadmittingwehavemadeamistake.Ifwedon’t,wemightbecaughtinacycleofshameandself-doubt.____17____.·MakeGoodUseofFearMakingamistake,nomatterhowbigorsmallitis,canbefrightening.____18____.Butwhenwecometorecognizethatwecan’tavoidfear,wecanacceptourmistakes,correctthem,andmoveforwardconfidently.·____19____Sometimes,thebestthingwecandowhenwefailistoasksomeonetohelpus.Wecouldbeshytoreachouttoothersforhelpwhenwefeellikewehaven’tdoneourbest.Tellingpeoplewhyyouthinkyoufailed,andwhatyouneedhelpwithisconsideredtobestrength.Manypeoplewhohavefailedintheirownwayswillbetheretolendahandtohelpyouachieveyourgoals.·PlanfortheNextFailure____20____.Youarecertaintofailagain,butyoudon’tneedtobeafraidoffailing.Whenyouplanforfailure,youareabletoreducethepotentialdamagetothelowestpossiblelevel,andmakeiteasiertomoveontothenextsuccess.A.FailuregivesyouachanceB.GotofindsomeoneforhelpC.FearfulthoughtscandisappointyouD.Idon’tseeanythingthatIdoasafailureorasuccessE.Weeat,webreathe,andwefail,sofailureisanaturalpartoflifeF.ReadonifyouarestillconfusedhowtofindsomeformofsuccessinyourfailuresG.However,afterweadmitwemadeamistake,wecanthenmakeanefforttofindawayout【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.B20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了失败后能够帮助获得下一次成功的方法。【16题详解】上文“Failuresarenottheendings,butthebeginningsoflearningexperiencesthatcanhelpinspireyouontothenextsuccess.(失败不是结束，而是学习经验的开始，可以帮助你获得下一次成功)”说明失败可以帮助获得下一次成功，F项“如果你仍然困惑于如何在失败中找到某种形式的成功，请继续阅读”承接上文，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选F。【17题详解】标题句“AdmitYourMistakes(承认你的错误)”说明本段介绍的方法是承认错误，上文“Ifwedon’t,wemightbecaughtinacycleofshameandself-doubt.(如果我们不承认错误，我们可能会陷入羞愧和自我怀疑的循环)”说明不承认错误的结果，G项“然而，在我们承认自己犯了错误之后，我们可以努力找到出路”与上文形成转折关系，说明承认错误的作用，符合题意。故选G。【18题详解】上文“Makingamistake,nomatterhowbigorsmallitis,canbefrightening.(犯一个错误，无论大小，都可能是可怕的)”说明犯错误会使人惊恐，以及下文“Butwhenwecometorecognizethatwecan’tavoidfear,wecanacceptourmistakes,correctthem,andmoveforwardconfidently.(但是当我们意识到我们无法避免恐惧时，我们可以接受错误，改正错误，自信地向前迈进)”C项中Fearful是关键词，C项“恐惧的想法会让你失望”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。19题详解】下文“Sometimes,thebestthingwecandowhenwefailistoasksomeonetohelpus.(有时候，当我们失败的时候，我们能做的最好的事情就是请求别人帮助我们)”说明当失败时，要请求别人帮助，B项“去找人帮助”总括本段内容，可以作为段落标题句。故选B。【20题详解】下文“Youarecertaintofailagain,butyoudon’tneedtobeafraidoffailing.(你肯定会再次失败，但你不必害怕失败)”说明失败是很可能发生的事情，E项“我们吃，我们呼吸，我们失败，所以失败是生活中自然的一部分”说明失败是生活的一部分，引出下文，符合题意。故选E。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thisisareal-lifestoryofbuildingtheBrooklynBridgeinNewYork.In1870,acreativeengineernamedJohnRoebling____21____anideatobuildabridgetoconnectNewYorkandtheLongIsland.However,bridgebuildingexpertsallovertheworldthoughtit____22____andadvisedRoeblingtoforgettheidea.Roeblingwasthinkingabouthisbridgeallthetimeandhewas____23____thatitcouldbebuilt.Hejusthadtosharethe____24____withsomeoneelse.Aftermuchdiscussion,he____25____toconvincehissonWashington,a____26____engineer,tojoinhim.Theprojectstartedwell,butaserious____27____onthesitetookthelifeofJohnRoebling.Washingtonwasalso____28____andleftwithacertainamountofbraindamage,which____29____himtobeunabletotalkorwalk.Whathesuffereddidn’t_____30_____himandhestillhadastrongwishtocompletethebridge.Hetriedtoinspireandpassonhis_____31_____tosomeofhisfriends,butthedifficulttaskmadethem_____32_____.Allhecoulddowasmoveonefingerandhewas_____33_____tomakethebestuseofit.Bymovingit,he_____34_____developedacode(密码、暗码)ofcommunicationwithhiswife.He_____35_____hiswife’sarm,indicatingtoherthathewantedhertocallthe_____36_____togetheragain.Thenheusedthesamemethodtotellthemwhattodo.Itseemedunbelievablebutthebridgebuilding_____37_____.For13years,Washingtontappedouthis_____38_____withhisfingeronhiswife’sarm,untilthebridgewasfinally_____39_____.TheBrooklynBridgeshowsusthatdreamsthatseemimpossiblecanberealizedwithdeterminationand_____40_____,nomatterwhatthedifficultiesare.21.A.paidattentionto B.cameupwith C.tookpridein D.lookedforwardto22.A.official B.stressful C.unnecessary D.impossible23.A.confident B.pleased C.fortunate D.grateful24.A.contribution B.conclusion C.ambition D.imagination25.A.managed B.struggled C.failed D.happened26.A.energetic B.promising C.generous D.handsome27.A.fight B.mistake C.accident D.disease28.A.punished B.mentioned C.interrupted D.injured29.A.found B.proved C.caused D.reported30.A.leave B.prevent C.strengthen D.affect31.A.enthusiasm B.humour C.braveness D.honesty32.A.complain B.regret C.progress D.hesitate33.A.encouraged B.satisfied C.excited D.determined34.A.slowly B.immediately C.suddenly D.quickly35.A.pushed B.moved C.touched D.checked36.A.children B.engineers C.designers D.scientists37.A.quickened B.delayed C.stopped D.restarted38.A.doubts B.instructions C.explanations D.answers39.A.improved B.protected C.completed D.removed40.A.persistence B.optimism C.ability D.intelligence【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.A32.D33.D34.A35.C36.B37.D38.B39.C40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了创意工程师JohnRoebling和儿子Washington克服困难在纽约建造Brooklyn大桥的故事。【21题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：1870年，一位名叫JohnRoebling的创意工程师想出了一个主意，要建一座桥连接纽约和长岛。A.paidattentionto注意；B.cameupwith赶上，想出；C.tookpridein以……为骄傲；D.lookedforwardto盼望。根据后文“anideatobuildabridgetoconnectNewYorkandtheLongIsland”可知，他想出一个主意。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，世界各地的桥梁建造专家都认为这是不可能的，并建议Roebling放弃这个想法。A.official官方的；B.stressful压力大的，紧张的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.impossible不可能的。根据后文“advisedRoeblingtoforgettheidea”可知，他们认为这不可能。故选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roebling每时每刻都在想着他的桥，他相信它一定能建成。A.confident自信的；B.pleased高兴的；C.fortunate幸运的；D.grateful感激的。根据语境和前文“Roeblingwasthinkingabouthisbridgeallthetime”及后面的故事可知，他有自信能够建成这座桥。故选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他只能向别人倾诉他的理想。A.contribution贡献；B.conclusion结论；C.ambition抱负，理想；D.imagination想象力。根据语境和前文“acreativeengineernamedJohnRoebling____1____anideatobuildabridgetoconnectNewYorkandtheLongIsland”及“advisedRoeblingtoforgettheidea”可知，Roebling只能向别人倾诉他的理想。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多次讨论，他成功地说服了他的儿子Washington，一个很有前途的工程师，加入他的行列。A.managed管理，设法完成；B.struggled斗争，挣扎；C.failed失败；D.happened发生。根据语境和后文“tojoinhim”及后来所发生的事情可知，他设法说服了儿子参加。故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多次讨论，他成功地说服了他的儿子Washington，一个很有前途的工程师，加入他的行列。A.energetic精力充沛的；B.promising有前途的；C.generous慷慨的；D.handsome英俊的。根据后文“Whathesuffereddidn’t____10____himandhestillhadastrongwishtocompletethebridge.”等内容可知，Washington是个很有前途的工程师。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：工程开始时进展顺利，但工地上发生的一场严重事故夺去了JohnRoebling的生命。A.fight战斗；B.mistake错误；C.accident事故；D.disease疾病。根据后文“tookthelifeofJohnRoebling”可知，一场严重事故夺去他的生命。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Washington也受伤了，他的大脑受到了一定程度的损伤，导致他不能说话或走路。A.punished惩罚；B.mentioned提到；C.interrupted打断；D.injured伤害。根据后文“leftwithacertainamountofbraindamage,which____9____himtobeunabletotalkorwalk.”可知，Washington也受伤了。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Washington也受伤了，他的大脑受到了一定程度的损伤，导致他不能说话或走路。A.found发现；B.proved证明；C.caused引起，导致；D.reported报告。根据前文“Washingtonwasalso____8____andleftwithacertainamountofbraindamage”可知，伤情导致他不能说话或走路。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他所遭受的一切并没有阻止他，他仍然有完成这座桥的强烈愿望。A.leave离开；B.prevent防止，阻止；C.strengthen加强；D.affect影响。根据后文“hestillhadastrongwishtocompletethebridge”可知，他所遭受的一切并没有阻止他。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他试图激励他的一些朋友，并把他的热情传递给他们，但艰巨的任务使他们犹豫不前。A.enthusiasm热情；B.humour幽默；C.braveness勇敢；D.honesty诚实。根据前文“hestillhadastrongwishtocompletethebridge”及“Hetriedtoinspire”可知，他试图把完成大桥的热情传递给朋友。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图激励他的一些朋友，并把他的热情传递给他们，但艰巨的任务使他们犹豫不前。A.complain抱怨；B.regret后悔；C.progress进步；D.hesitate犹豫。根据语境和前文“butthedifficulttask”可知，艰巨的任务使他们犹豫不前。故选D项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他所能做的就是移动一根手指，他决定充分利用它。A.encouraged受到鼓舞的；B.satisfied满意的；C.excited激动的；D.determined，下定决心的，坚定的。根据语境和前文“Allhecoulddowasmoveonefinger”及后文“Bymovingit,he____14____developedacode(密码、暗码)ofcommunicationwithhiswife.”可知，他决定充分利用这根手指。故选D项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过移动这根手指，他慢慢形成了与妻子沟通的密码。A.slowly慢地；B.immediately立刻；C.suddenly突然；D.quickly快地。根据常识和后文“developedacode(密码、暗码)ofcommunicationwithhiswife”可知，他慢慢形成了与妻子沟通的密码。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用那根手指触摸妻子的胳膊，示意她把工程师们召集起来。A.pushed推动；B.moved移动；C.touched触摸；D.checked检查。根据语境前文“Bymovingit,he____14____developedacode(密码、暗码)ofcommunicationwithhiswife.”可知，他用那根手指触摸妻子的胳膊。故选C项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用那根手指触摸妻子的