初中英语语法学习之倒装句用法解析与考点分析

初中英语语法学习之倒装句用法解析与考点分析1.倒装概念：通常英语句子中的主语是在谓语动词之前，这种语序称为自然语序;反之，如果谓语动词在主语之前，这种语序就称为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为部分倒装(即把谓语动词的助动词移至主语之前)和全部倒装(即把整个谓语动词置于主语之前)。2.倒装分类：1)全部倒装(1)there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的therebe句型以外，there还可以接appeartobe,happentobe,seemtobe,exist,lie,remain,stand等，一般都译成“有”，构成完全倒装句。如：Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.Longlongago,therelivedaking.(2)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词是be,come,go,lie,run时，用全部倒装结构。如：Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.(3)当表示趋向或地点的状语置于句首，且谓语是表示运动的动词时，用全部倒装结构。如：Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语如果是人称代词时，则不用倒装结构。如：Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.(4)为了句子平衡或强调某一成分，有时将表语置于句首而使用全部倒装结构。如：Gonearethedayswhenwelivedinthecountryside.PresentatthemeetingaremyfriendsfromSouthAmerica.2)部分倒装(1)在so(肯定句)，neither和nor(否定句)引起的句子中，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时，用部分倒装结构。如：Iwentthereyesterday.Sodidhe.Tomdoesn'tlikebananas.Neither(Nor)doI.但如果只是重复前面一句话的意思，主语指的是同一人或物，则不用倒装。如：—Itwascoldyesterday.—Soitwas.(2)“only+状语”位于句首被强调时，用部分倒装结构，如果only强调状语从句，要倒装主句，而非从句。如：Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.Onlywhenthewarwasovercouldhegoonstudying.(3)否定谓语的副词或实际否定谓语的不定代词位于句首，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,rarely,scarcely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,noone,none,few或实际否定谓语的介词短语位于句首，如innoway,onnoaccount,atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,notuntil等，句子用部分倒装结构。如：NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchathing.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.在任何时间或情况下中国都不会首先使用核武器。LittledoIknowabouthim.Notuntilthendidhecomeandhelp.Nobodywillheturntoforhelp.注意：①否定介词短语如果实际不是否定谓语，则不能倒装。如：Innotime(=verysoon)hewillbeback.②Notuntil后跟状语从句时，需要倒装的是主句。如：Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.(4)当句子以notonly…butalso,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when结构中连接的是两个分句时，notonly/nosooner/hardly/scarcely后的分句用部分倒装结构。如：Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegotonthebuswhenheheardashout.NosoonerhadIgonetosleepthanthetelephonerang.Notonlydidhebuyabikeformebuthealsosentittomyhouse.(5)在so(such)…that结构中，so或such位于句首时，其所在分句用部分倒装结构。如：Soangrywashethathecouldn'tspeak.SofastdidherunthatIcouldhardlycatchupwithhim.(6)非真实条件句中，ifsb/sthshoulddo/were(todo)/haddone可以倒装成shouldsb/sthdo,weresb/sth…,hadsb/sthdone。如：HadIbeenlessbusy,Icouldhavehelpedyou.Shouldtheweatherbecomeworse,Iwouldstayathome.WereIaman,Iwouldhavebiggerambitions.3.练习1)更正下列句子语序错误：(1)Outthechildrenrushed.(Outrushedthechildren!)(2)Look!Herethebuscomes!(Herecomesthebus!)(3)Sobusysheisthatshehasnotimetospare.(So…isshethat…)(4)Heisnotcoming.NeitherIam.(NeitheramI.)(5)Fewfriendshehasinthetown.(Fewfriendsdoeshehave…)(6)Innocasewewillgiveupourefforts.(Innocasewillwegive…)(7)WithnobodyhelpingarounddidIstillmanagetogetstuckcarmovingt.(…Istillmanaged…)(8)NotuntildidIwakeupIfoundhimgone.(NotuntilIwokeupdidIfindhimgone.)(9)OnlywherearethereChinesetheycanfindhelp.(OnlywherethereareChinesecantheyfind…)(10)BetweenBritainandIrelandliesit.(Between…itlies.)1.BythesideoftheBird’sNest________，completedin2008.A.therestandingtheWaterCubeB.doestheWaterCubestandC.theWaterCubestandsD.standstheWaterCube解析：考查倒装。由于地点状语前置，句子应采用全部倒装语序，即把整个谓语放在主语之前。语境为：鸟巢的旁边就是2008年建成的水立方。【答案】D2.Manypeopleagreethatneverinhistory________amoresplendidopeningceremonythanthatoftheBeijingOlympics.A.therewereB.hastherebeenC.therehasbeenD.werethere解析：考查倒装结构。在从句中，否定副词never置于句首，所以要用部分倒装。【答案】B3.Notasingleword________whenhelefthomeandjoinedthearmyin1941.A.didheleaveB.leftheC.didleaveheD.heleft解析：考查倒装语序。notasingleword位于句首时，句子的主语与谓语应该使用部分倒装语序。【答案】A4.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase________frompractice.A.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparatedC.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparated解析：考查倒装结构。从innocase可知，后面的句子应用部分倒装，同时theory和separate为动宾关系，应用被动结构，故选B项。【答案】B5.—CanIsmokehere?—No.Innocircumstances________inthelibrary.A.smokingpermitsB.smokingispermittedC.doessmokingpermitD.issmokingpermitted解析：考查倒装句。innocircumstances表示否定，意思是“决不，在任何情况下都不”，放在句首时，句子要倒装，由此排除A、B两项;根据句意可知，permit应该用于被动语态，所以D项正确。【答案】D6.Onlywhenclassbegan________thathehadlefthisbookathome.A.willherealizeB.hedidrealizeC.didherealizeD.shouldherealize解析：考查倒装句，当only+状语位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式。【答案】C7.Little________aboutH1N1sofar，sothereisnodoubtthatmanypeopleareafraidwhentalkingaboutthedisease.A.didscientistsknownB.scientistshaveknownC.havescientistsknownD.hadscientistsknown解析：本题考查时态和倒装。根据关键词sofar，可以确定用现在完成时，故排除A、D两项;little表示否定，放句首要倒装。【答案】C8.“Bynomeans，”declaredthecaptain.“________givewaytodisappointment.”A.wewouldB.wewillC.mightweD.shallwe解析：考查倒装句型。bynomeans位于句首句子要倒装，根据句意应该用shallwe。【答案】D9.---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idon\'tknow,_____.A.nordon\'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon\'tcareneitherD.Idon\'tcarealso解析：nor为增补意思\"也不关心\"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don\'t再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。【答案