中考英语试题分类汇编短文填空及其解题方法

短文填空及其解题方法【考点描】短文填空是近两年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常有四种形式：1、给出一难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，让考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。2、给出一难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，填上所缺的单词。3、给出一难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词让考生根据短文的内容这些单词填入空白处使文章正确通顺。4、给出一难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示填上适当的单词或短语。陕西省的短文填空题采用的基本上是第四种形式。这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力特别是单词和短语的拼写能力它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。陕西省中考英语题中的短文填空题又有什麽具体特点呢？1、从文体看，议论文和叙事文为主。2002年陕西省的短文填空题所给的短文是一篇论说文，论说的主题是：只有母亲的爱是真正的爱。年的中考说明样题所给的短文是一篇叙事文。讲述的是圣诞节的情况。年的中考题中的短文填空题也是一篇叙事文。讲述的是主题是因特网的历史。年是一篇论说文。2、从填空内容上看，以词组和短语为主。2002短文填空题共有个空其中个空填的是词组和短语2003中考说明中短文填空题共有个空，其7空填的是词组和短语2003中考题中的短文填空题共有个空，其5空填的是词组和短语。2004的短文填空题10个中有6个是词组和短语。也就是说短文填空题要填的词组和短语总体上保持在5-7个。3、从考查范围上看，以英语的一些特殊用法为主。2002的短文填空题考到了enough作副词，放在被修饰词之后的用法，考到了“with+名词构成的介词短语的用法。2003年中考说明中的短文填空题又一次出现了“with+名词构成的介词短语用法。2003年中考题的短文填空题考查了something这样的形容词后置的特殊用法2004年的短文填空题考查了twicea这样的特殊表示方式。4、从所留空白上看，以给出汉语提示为主。2003年中考说明的短文填空题共留10空白处给出了汉语提示，2处没有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空题同样是个空白，全部给出了汉语提示。200410个空白全部给了汉语提示。【名师难】做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配熟记英语单词的拼写做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手：1、从语法面考虑短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。例如年

中考的短文填空题的第一个空：“Mostofus1于)talkingaboutusingInterneteveryday….”在这里语表示“忙于”不仅要用之前还要加be,而be还要和主语mostofus保持一致，变。再如2004中考题中的第7空，butsoonyou’ll习惯于)doingit.“习惯于”必须用/getusedto,因为这个短语用在一般将来时中，在助动词之后。2、从习惯法和固定搭配方面考虑如上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考说明短文填空的第8空“（在圣诞夜）childrenareveryhappy.”用英语表示“在圣夜”须用OnChristmas。因为在“某一天的晚上”习惯上用介词on。年考题中的第个空就是一个固定搭配---atleast。3、从上下的结构方面考虑有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。例如2003考试说明短文填空的第9个空：theirtheoftheirbeds9canputin从上下文文我们可以看出，他们把他们的长筒袜放在床头上是为了让他们的父母亲能够把礼物放在里面。以此判断，后面的句子应是一个目的状语从句。因此，应填that。再2004的10个空Eatalotvegetablesdrinkwater10_______(代替)这个句子中已经有了谓语动词和drink,代替就不能再用动词用一个介词insteadof。【中考例】（2004陕西省中考试题）短文填空（共10，每空1分，计10分）根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语，使短文意思完整。Whenyouwill______(张开)yourmouthThehealthierthoseare,thehappieryoulook.WhyIt’s2因为)yourteethareinIfofthem,they’llhelptotakecareofyou.Strong,healthyteethhelpyoueattherightfoodtoyouTheyalsoyouYoutakeofdoinglikethese:yourteeth3_______(日两次)afterbreakfastbedtime.Ifbrush4_______(午饭后)orallofnotjustones.SpendtimeontheintheTakewhilebrushing.5_______至少)3eachtimeyoubrush.sureissoft(柔软的).Asktohelpyougetnew6________(每三个月)howtofloss(牙线清理)yourteeth,whichisaveryimportantwaytokeepthemhealthy.Itfeelsstrangewhenyoudoatfirst,soonyou’ll7惯于)doingit.Thegetsridoffoodthat’shiddenbetweenyourteeth.8______(保持)yourteethYoualsoneedwhatyou9______(许多)fruitsandand

water10_______代替)drinks.1.张开嘴的“张开应用2.because要回答前面why提出的问题，应用because。3.twiceday这是英语常见的一种表示方法。4.afterlunch后常常跟一个时间点，lunch可看作一个时间点。5.这是一个固定的短语6.threemonths之后如果有大于一的数词来修饰名词，这个名词用复数形式。又如：everythreeeveryyears。7.getusedto这也是一个习惯用语，后接名词或定名词。8.keep“keepsomebody/something+形容词”是一个常见句型。9.of/lotof/这几个限定词都可用来修饰可数名词的复数。10.insteadof这是一个短语介词，后接名词活动名词。【满分练】(1)EveryoneneedsWeliketotosomeone.Itisnicetohaveadothingswith.arewetoWealwayswant围).wouldifweNotwoarejustsame.Sometimesdon't相处得好).doesn'tthatnolonger3_________(互相)ofthetimetheywillup继续)beingfriends.Sometimesmoveaway.feelverysad.We5_______(想念)themveryButthemandwriteItbewouldthemAndwecan结交新朋友）Itsurprisingtoouthowlikewhenweknowthem.Familiesnamechildrenaftera许多地方)arewhobeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.SomelibrariesareSosomeschools.We8_______（想起thesewhenweThere'sforpeoplehavefriends.Theylive9________(长一些)whodon't.Why?Itbearehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyouitcouldbejustthatcares.Ifcaresyou,takebetterof（你自己）(2)metwithtroubleintheirwork.couldtheyto1_________(数以千计)difficultieswhichwereputinThefollowingisone2__________(著名inventorthefirsttrainaengine.Whenwiththeengine3________(在火车上,hewithtroublesfromnewspaperstheincountry.Theysaidthatthe4________(噪音)thewouldkillcows,sheep,thatburstorthathotfromitwouldsetfiretheirbelieve5___________他们说的话).Stephensontoldthepeoplethecouldgoonsmallrails,could

pull6________(装满)passengersthatnodangerthem.Itdifficultmatterforhimtothembelieve.7________(然而),aftertime,abletodoit,andfirsttrain,wasdrivenbyGeorgehimselfwhathesaid.Onthereasteamengine.Itinventedbyhim,andacomplete8_______成功).Thefirstdaytheonrails,thewaynoiseoftrainthedistance,anditrunningquicklythem.thoughtitwasaTheyquicklybackfortheirtightly.notdareto(出来)untilitpassed.10________(一周以后)womanstillthatbeensoithadn'tlaidanyeggsthree【练习案】(3)ofbusinessesareopenfiveAmericanchildrenfivedaysaweekaswell.usually（两天）weekendisSunday.Overtheweekendspendtheirtime2(以许多不同的方式).Manyenjoy3______(一起).Theygoshopping,foradriveorvisitTheyalsofriendsover______(聚会)atManyAmericanfamiliesparticipate（参加）sportsthe_______(步),biking,swimming6_____(流行)insummer.Skiing7_____(最喜爱的)wintersports.Weekendsalsoatimeforworkintheirorin他们)houses.flowershaveSomefamiliesuse9（粉刷repairtheirhouses.10______(对大部分美国人来说),arevery(4)Perhapsthananyotherpeople,havecars.familycar_________(一直是)athing从……以来)earlytwentiethcentury,ithaschangedlife.Manypeoplehavemoved3_______(外面)ofcitiestosuburbs.spend4天两小时)ormoreintheircars_______(去上班)homehavebecomethe6(工具)offorAmericansshopping,andonvacations.7______(过去常常)likegasolineusedtobeveryRecently,然而thecostofgasolineincreased,smallercarshave9_______（更常见）.Alsohavebecomeverycommon.have10_______大量的GermanTheyboughtfromseveral(5)amanfoundapoorona（长凳.Thealwaysthere,(看着thebiginwhichrichmanlived.2_________（有一天therichmanoutofhistopoorman,

me,Iwantwhyyouatmy3_________(每天早晨)"Sir,"saidthe"IamaIhavemoney,noI4________(在这条长凳上)nightIdream（梦想dayI'llinthathotel."richman"Tonightyourwill5________变为现实).I'llforthebestinthathotelyoua6_________(几天以后),richmanwentbythepoorman'stoaskhowheenjoying7___________(使他惊讶的是)hethatman8__________(搬出了)thetohisparkbench.richpoorman"YouI'mheresleepingmyII'mupthere,9____________(在那个大宾馆里).awonderfuldream.whenIwasupIIwastocoldbench.ItaIany10________(本)."(6)October12,1989,somescientistswereworkingat1________(寻)theinformationneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotbrightspotscrossingthecomputers’同时),worktocheckpartsoftheTotheirhorror,they3___________(发现)thatofstoredinformationgotridofbycomputerviruses!allbeenbyviruses.4___________(说)thatwerebyaofyoungmenlikeplayingTheyallexcellent5_________教育).thevirusesjusttoshowintelligence.6___________(这种)computervirusesJerusalemViruses.Thesevirusesstayin7___________(很长时间).Whentimewillbyloweringthenormalprogramsevenridofallinformation..WethatJerusalemVirusesattack8__________（在星期五）andtheyspreadingtolotofcomputers.AmongthesufferedSwitzerland,the9________(其它的)tillnowhowtogetridofterribleviruses10__________(仍然是)a（7）Inschool大多数)studentstakeEnglish,science,mathandhistory.2在英语课堂上),thestudentsreadIntheystudybiology,chemistryorphysics.Historyis3________(更有趣)somelearnaboutimportantplaces在美国.Studentstake5______（其它）courses,too.electives.study6________（音乐becausefeelitenjoyable.Some7（算机科学they8认为)itismore9______在各自课堂上）,teachersstudentsexams.Somearedifficultthanothers,butgoodcanalwaysdo______（好）.(8)ofvacationthat

1_____(数百万)findplaces2_____（野营）.manyofwhichare在山里)arecampingplaces.enjoy_______（新鲜空气thethewhichtheyfindinparks.swimfish.Theycanfind5______（许多种）animalsplantsintheparks.MostlyhavedriveorpullbehindtheirtotheirTrailersarelike在轮子上Theymanywhichpeoplehaveintheir（例如大多数）campersdon’thavetrailers.Theycampintentswhichthey9________（搭起）intheircampsites.Campersintentsdon’thavetheinhave.10_________(一种简单的生活).（9）Allbigarequitesimilar.Livingcityisnotvery1（不同於）inThesamebesaidliving（在农场上）,Inpartsoftheworld,farmerstheirfamilieslive(在村庄和城镇里.InUnitedStates,farmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondtheofanyneighbors.（不用）fromavillagetofieldsmorning,Americanfarmersstay（在他们的土地上）theweek.Theytraveltotown6（在星期六）foronforThechildrenridebusestowhich7所的农场家庭)intheInareas,therearesmallschoolsfewfarmfamilies,thechildrenwalktoschool.8（当然lifeforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todayarecars,goodroads,televisionsets.AndofforAlloftheselife.Formanyhowever,inAmericawasalonelywayofliving.Farmers（不得不）dealwithownproblems,insteadofgettingfromThey10（学会）totrymethods,theirowninsteadoffollowing(10)Ateacherfromawesterncountryvisitedainan1_______(东方国家)Inclass,she2_______(画aTheteacherabig○3_________(在黑板上),andsixtyitonpapers.Theteacherdrewasmall○onthetopofthefirstthenputtwotopofit.childrendrew(以同样的方式).Thelessonontherewerecatsintheclassroom.Eachstudent’scat5________(看上去)liketheonboard.Thevisitinglesson6________(到惊讶).teachingwereverymuchdifferentfromofinherAchild’sartlessoninowncountryproducedaroomfulofpictures,eachoneisquite7_________(不同于)theWhy?WhatineducationalInainanytheteacherteachesmore

artorhistory8__________(在一个国家里)theUnitedStatesaretoworkbythemselvesfind9_________(们自己).ThestudentshaveInsuchChinaJapan,oftenworkintheclassroom,teachstudentsstudentsmemorizelot.They10__________(必须theTheydosamehomeworkgivethesameanswers.(11)wasinAtlanta,wasblack.1________（仅仅thirty-nineyears,buthein2_______(长大)insoutheasternpartoftheUnitedHeatMorehouseCollegewherehemetwhoseheimportantTherehetheofgaveideas3关于自由).AfterhegraduatedfromMorehouse,he______(接着)studyatofPennsylvania,HarvardUniversity,University.AtBostonUniversity,hehisCoretta.________hePh.D.degree,hebecameministerofasmallchurch6_________（南方的）.hebecameleaderoftheblackpeople,whopoorwithoutgavespeechesandmarches.hisideasactions,wenttojail7（一段时间）.8_______(许多年以后),inWashington,D.C.,hespoketoacrowdpeople.Hetoldthem,“Ihaveadream.”Thatspeechstill著名).In1964hePeacePrize.workwas10______(结束whenhediedonAprilwasHeMartinLutherKing.(12)DearMr.Costa,I’msorryithastakenmelongtowrite.I’vebeenbusywithworkandschool,but’ve________（想起）youHow’veyoubeenlately?DidyouhavegoodChristmasNewYear’s?Macsaysyou’vebeenhardattherestaurantandthatbusinessverygood.What2别的)haveyoudoing?IashortgoodMacIwenttofor3_______(几)beforeChristmas,butI4______(不得不comebackworkbetweenChristmasNewYear’s(includingChristmasDayandYear’sEve)!5_____（每次likethat6_______（发生IifIreallywanttoworkinthehotelbusiness.ThedayIthinkingtheweto在我们英语课堂上).Ihaven’tseenmanyofourclassmatessincethecoursewasover.