河北省定州市2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题 （ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页定州市2022—2023学年度第一学期期末考试高二英语试题分值：150分时间：120分钟第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanofferthewoman?A.Araincoat. B.Aride. C.Anumbrella.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’mafraidI’llmisstheconcertifitdoesn’tstoprainingrightnow.M:CanIgiveyoualift?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichbuscanthemancatch?A.The9:30one. B.The9:40one. C.The10:00one.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WhendoesthenextbusleaveforNewYork?W:BusesleaveforNewYorkeveryhalfhour.Youjustmissedthenine-thirtybusbytenminutes.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichofthefollowingsatisfiestheman?A.Thekitchen. B.Thebedroom. C.Thebathroom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyoulikethehouse,dear?M:Ifinditnotbigenough.ThebedroomisOK,butthekitchenandthebathroomaretoosmall.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheweatherlike?A.Coldandwet. B.Warmanddry. C.Sunnybutwindy.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:It’sacoldandwetday.Didyougetwetcomingtoschool?W:NoIdidn’t.ButIhatethiskindofweather.Thewindseemslikeitblowsrightthroughyou.Iwasshiveringwithcoldwhilewaitingforthebus.It’sfreezing!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inahotel.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whatkindofroomwouldyouprefer?M:Ipreferaroomfacingthestreet.Well,doyouprovidefreeWi-Fi?W:Yes,theWi-Fiisfree.M:Okay,whatisthepassword?第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Preparelunch. B.Haveaparty. C.Visitafriend.7.Whatdoesthewomanstillneed?A.Somefruit. B.Someflowers. C.Somecandies.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:Wow,you’realldressedup.Whereareyougoing?W:Myfriendinvitedmetohishousefordinner.IjustneedonemorethingandI’llbeallset.M:What’sthat?CanIhelpyou?W:Well,Iwanttobuysomeflowerstotake.It’sthefirsttimeI’vebeentohishouse.M:That’saniceidea.W:Yes.Mymotheralwaystaughtmenevertogotoaperson’shouseempty-handed,atleastnotforthefirsttime.M:That’sright.Agiftisawayofshowingyourrespectforotherpeople.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthemancomplainabout?A.Thefood. B.Thehotel. C.Theservice.9.Whathappenedtothemanonthetrip?A.Hefellillsuddenly. B.Hegotlostontheway. C.Hehadacaraccident.10.Howdidthemangetbacktothehotel?A.Bybus. B.Bytaxi. C.Onfoot.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:SohowwasyourtriptoSanFrancisco,John?M:Oh,prettygood,mostly.W:Mostly?Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,itstartedoffOK.ThenIlookedaroundasmalltown.Andthefoodtherewasterrible.W:Really?That’stoobad.Iknowyouareveryparticularaboutwhatyoueat.M:Yeah.OnedayIdecidedtorentacar.Iwantedtogetoutofthecityandlookaround.W:Wereyouonyourown?M:Uh-huh.SofirstIdroveacrosstheGoldenGateBridgeandstoppedtotakesomephotos.Unfortunately,whileIwasdrivingIhadaslightaccident.W:Whathappened?M:Iranofftheroadandhitatree.W:Oh,no.Wereyouhurt?M:No.ButIhadtoleavethecarandtakeataxiallthewaybacktothehotel.Itcostmealot.W:Oh,no.Whatavacation!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whenwillthefirstcourseend?A.OnJuly3. B.OnJuly20. C.OnAugust10.12.Howmuchisthesecondcourse?A£50. B.£500. C.£550.13.Whereisthemanfrom?A.England. B.France. C.Finland.【答案】11.B12.C13.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,I’dliketohavesomeinformationaboutthesummercoursesatSwanSchool.W:Certainly,Sir.Wehavetwofull-timesummercourses.ThefirstcoursebeginsonJuly3andlastsuntilJuly20,andthesecondfromJuly24tillAugust10.M:Whataboutthefeesforeachcourse?W:Theformercoursecosts£500andthelattercosts£50higher.M:Isee.Dowehavetofindourownaccommodation?W:No,wehavealadywhoarrangestheaccommodationforyouwithOxfordfamilieshere.M:Good,howmuchdoesitcost?W:£140aweek.M:OK.I’dliketochoosethesecondcourse,please.W:Sure,Sir.CanIhaveyournameandnationality,please?M:DominickDobuwa.D-O-B-U-W-A.I’mfromFrance.W:OK,Mr.Dobuwa,youchoosethesecondcoursefromJuly24toAugust10.PleasepaybeforeJuly15throughourofficialwebsite.M:OK,I’mlookingforwardtogoingtoyourschoolinperson.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whereistheman’scoffeeusuallykept?A.Undertheshelf. B.Ontheshelf. C.Onthetable.15.Whatwillthewomangetfortheman?A.Coffee. B.Batteries. C.Acomputermouse.16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodointheend?A.Dotheshopping. B.Makeacall. C.Cookdinner.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:I’mmakingashoppinglist.IsthereanythingyouwantmetogetwhileI’mout?M:Yes.Couldyougetmesomecoffee?Idon’thaveanyleft.AndIalsoneedsomebatteriesformycomputermouse.W:Youhavelotsofcoffee.M:There’snoneinmycanundertheshelf.That’swhereIkeepit.W:That’sbecauseIputitonthetable.You’llfindplentythere.M:Oh,IthoughtIhadrunout.OK,crosscoffeeoffthelist.W:I’dbettergonow.There’sabusduesoon.Iwillprobablybehomelatesodinnermightbelate.M:Whatarewehavingfordinner,Mom?W:Chickenwithvegetables.IhaveallthefoodmaterialsinthefridgebutIcan’tstartcookingituntilIgetback.M:Whydon’tyouletmemakeitwhileyouareout?YoucangivemeacallwhenyouareabouttogethomeandIwillhaveitreadyforyouwhenyouarrive.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Doyouthinkyouwillbeabletodoit?M:OfcourseIcan.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whotookchargeoftheactiongroup?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Arestaurantowner. C.Acommunityworker.18.Whatdidthespeakerpersuadetheschooltodotoraisemoney?A.Organizeaconcert. B.Collecttherubbish. C.Sellsecond-handbooks.19.Howmuchmoredidthegroupneedaftercollectingmoneyforsixmonths?A.£15,000. B.£10,000. C.£5,000.20.Whatwasmostcommunitymembers’attitudetowardusingXcite?AConcerned. B.Uncaring. C.Favourable.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.C【解析】【原文】Iliveinasmalltown.Threeyearsago,myfriendsandIdecidedtoconvinceourlocalcommunityoftheneedforaproperpark.Wesoonformedanactiongroupconsistingofstudents,teachers,parentsandothers—allledbylocalrestaurantownerMartinAshton.Thenextthingtheactiongrouphadtodowastostartraisingmoney.Wepersuadedourschooltoorganizeaconcertandalltheticketmoneywenttowardstheparkfund.Apartfromthis,wedideverythingwecouldthinkoftoraisemoney—Itookawaytherubbishandothersorganizedsalesofsecond-handbooksandstufflikethat.Sixmonthslater,weonlyhad£185,000.Butourtargetbudgetwas£200,000.Inthemeantime,JohnRichardsonwashelpingoutwiththeplanningstageoftheproject.HeworksasanarchitectinLondonandhasgotcloselinkswithcolleaguesintheUnitedStates.TheyhaveacompanycalledXcite,whichhaswonawardsfortheirparkdesign.Sotheactiongroupheldacommunitymeeting.Almostninety-eightpercentsaidyestoXcite.Nowwehavethisfantasticnewpark.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThroughouthistory,greatcitieshaverisenandfallen.Someofthemareseeminglylostintime—untilartifacts(古物)arediscoveredthatbringthembacktolife.TeotihuacánLocatedoutsideofMexicoCity,Teotihuacánisthoughttohavebeensettledaround400BC.By400AD,itwasthemostinfluential,powerfulcityinitsregion.Teotihuacán’srealtreasureisitsmassivesteppyramids.Muchofthecity’shistoryisstillamystery,butsomebelievethatitsdeclinecamefromchangingclimateconditionslikelong-termdroughts.PetraThisancientcityinsouthernJordanflourishedfromthe4thcenturyBCto106AD.Itwasanimportantplaceforspiceandsilktraderoutes.Italsohadacomplicatedly-designedwatermanagementsystem.PetrawasoccupiedbyRomein106AD,andthetraderoutessoonshifted.Hundredsofyearslater,earthquakesdamagedthewatersystemandPetrawasabandoned.PompeiiEndlesstaleshavebeentoldaboutthetragedyofPompeii,whichoccurredonAugust24,intheyear79AD,whenthevolcanoVesuviuserupted.Theentiretownwasswiftlycoveredinashandsoil.Everythingwasfrozenintime.Thesitewasunearthedinthe18thcentury,andtheevidencefoundprovidedagreatdetailofinsightintodailylivinginthisancientItaliancity.CtesiphonLocatedabout20milesoutsideofBaghdad,CtesiphonwasoneofthegreatestcitiesinWesternAsiainthe6thcentury.Itwasconquered(征服)byRome,andthenbytheByzantineEmpire.In637AD,itwascapturedbytheMuslims.ManybelievethattheancientcitywastheinspirationforthecityofIsbanirmentionedintheThousandandOneNightsfolktales.21.WhatdoweknowaboutTeotihuacán?A.Itshistoryneedsfurtherexploration.B.Itwasthemostpowerfulcityofitstime.C.Ittookabout400yearstoreachitspeak.D.Itspyramidswereruinedbyclimatechange.22.InwhichcitycanwelearnaboutancientItaliandailylife?A.Teotihuacán. B.Petra. C.Pompeii. D.Ctesiphon.23.WhatdoPetraandCtesiphonhaveincommon?A.Theyweresourcesforfolktales. B.Theydeclinedduetonaturaldisasters.C.TheywereoncedefeatedbyRome. D.Theyweretownsontheancientsilkroad.【答案】21.A22.C23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了四座古城遗址。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Teotihuacán部分中“Muchofthecity’shistoryisstillamystery,butsomebelievethatitsdeclinecamefromchangingclimateconditionslikelong-termdroughts.(这座城市的大部分历史仍然是一个谜，但一些人认为，它的衰落是由于长期干旱等气候条件的变化)”可知，Teotihuacán的大部分历史仍然是一个谜，需要进一步探索。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Pompeii部分中“Thesitewasunearthedinthe18thcentury,andtheevidencefoundprovidedagreatdetailofinsightintodailylivinginthisancientItaliancity.(该遗址于18世纪出土，所发现的证据为了解这座意大利古城的日常生活提供了很多细节)”可知，在Pompeii古城可以了解古代意大利人的日常生活。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Petra部分中“PetrawasoccupiedbyRomein106AD(公元106年，Petra被罗马占领)”及Ctesiphon部分中“Itwasconquered(征服)byRome,andthenbytheByzantineEmpire.(它先是被罗马征服，然后又被拜占庭帝国征服)”可知，Petra和Ctesiphon的共同点是都曾被罗马打败。故选C项。BBorninPotsdam(intheKingdomofPrussia)in1821,Helmholtzwasoneofthe19thcentury’smostknowledgeablescientists,whosenameturnsupinthehistoriesofmultiplescientificfieldsandspecialties.Asayoungster,hehadaninterestinphysics,butthatseemedafinanciallyunwisecareerchoice.Hewenttomedicalschoolandstudiedphysiologyinstead,becausehewasdrawntootherswhopromotedthepointthatphysiologyshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofchemistryandphysics,notthevitalforcesthathadbeenpopularlyemphasizedpreviously.Afterearninghismedicaldegree,HelmholtzservedasanarmysurgeonbeforebecomingprofessorofphysiologyattheUniversityofKonigsberg.Duringthattime,hecomposedagroundbreakingpaperontheconservationofenergy,whichmadehimagoodreputationinsciencecommunity.Hismainargumentisthatallsciencecanbereducedtomechanics.ItisemphasizedthatNewtonianmechanicsandLagrangianmechanicsaremathematicallyequivalent,soaforcecanbemeasuredbytheLaplacemethodintermsoftheenergytransferredbytheforceortheworkdonebytheforce.Allofthisenergyisconserved.WhileatKonigsberg,hestudiedthenervoussystem,optics(光学)andacoustics(声学),especiallywithregardtothephysiologyofthesenses.ThenhemovedontotheUniversityofbonnasprofessorofanatomy(解剖学)andphysiology.AftersometimeattheUniversityofHeidelberg,wherehebecameinterestedinphilosophy,in1871hewasawardedthephysicschairattheUniversityofBerlin.Atlasthecouldfocusonphysics,emphasizingtheimportanceoftheprincipleofleastactionforexplainingphysicalphenomena.HealsoexploredthebranchesofMaxwell’snewtheory.Bythistime,hewasrecognizedasoneofGermany’spremierscientists,untilhisdeathin1894.24.WhydidHelmholtzchoosetostudyphysiology?A.Hemadethechoiceforeconomicdifficulty.B.Hewouldliketomakehimselfhavemoreskills.C.Hepreferredphysiologytochemistryandphysics.D.Hewasattractedbyadifferentviewpoint.25.WhatmadeHelmholtzpopularamongscientists?A.Hisdegreeinmedicalscience.B.Histalentinchemistryandphysics.C.Hispaperontheconservationofenergy.D.Hisachievementsasanarmysurgeon.26.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHelmholtzfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewasafamousphilosopher.B.HeprovedMaxwell’snewtheory.C.HewasaphysicsprofessoratKonigsberg.D.Hedevotedhisrestlifetophysicalresearch.27.WhichwordscanbestdescribeHelmholtz?A.All-roundanddetermined.BEnergeticandcautious.C.Knowledgeableandbrave.D.Humorousandcourageous.【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Helmholtz作为一名多才多艺的科学家的生平事迹。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Hewenttomedicalschoolandstudiedphysiologyinstead,becausehewasdrawntootherswhopromotedthepointthatphysiologyshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofchemistryandphysics,notthevitalforcesthathadbeenpopularlyemphasizedpreviously.(他上了医学院，转而学习生理学，因为他被其他人所吸引，这些人认为生理学应该基于化学和物理原理，而不是之前普遍强调的生命力量)”可知，Helmholtz选择生理学专业的原因是他被不同于以前的观点所吸引。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Duringthattime,hecomposedagroundbreakingpaperontheconservationofenergy,whichmadehimagoodreputationinsciencecommunity.(在此期间，他写了一篇关于能量守恒的开创性论文，使他在科学界享有盛誉)”可知，Helmholtz关于能量守恒的论文使他在科学界很受欢迎。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“AftersometimeattheUniversityofHeidelberg,wherehebecameinterestedinphilosophy,in1871hewasawardedthephysicschairattheUniversityofBerlin.Atlasthecouldfocusonphysics,emphasizingtheimportanceoftheprincipleofleastactionforexplainingphysicalphenomena.(在海德堡大学学习了一段时间后，他对哲学产生了兴趣，1871年，他被授予柏林大学物理学教授。最后，他可以专注于物理学，强调最小作用原理对于解释物理现象的重要性)”可推知，Helmholtz把他的余生献给了物理研究。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Afterearninghismedicaldegree,HelmholtzservedasanarmysurgeonbeforebecomingprofessorofphysiologyattheUniversityofKonigsberg.(获得医学学位后，亥姆霍兹担任军医，后来成为哥尼斯堡大学生理学教授)”和最后一段的“AftersometimeattheUniversityofHeidelberg,wherehebecameinterestedinphilosophy,in1871hewasawardedthephysicschairattheUniversityofBerlin.(在海德堡大学学习了一段时间后，他开始对哲学感兴趣，1871年，他被授予柏林大学物理学教授)”可知，Helmholtz是全能的，即all-round；根据第一段的“hewasdrawntootherswhopromotedthepointthatphysiologyshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofchemistryandphysics(他被那些主张生理学应该建立在化学和物理原理基础上的人所吸引)”，第二段的“hecomposedagroundbreakingpaperontheconservationofenergy(他写了一篇关于能量守恒的开创性论文)”和最后一段的“Atlasthecouldfocusonphysics,emphasizingtheimportanceoftheprincipleofleastactionforexplainingphysicalphenomena.(最后，他可以专注于物理学，强调最小作用原理对解释物理现象的重要性)”可知，Helmholtz从对物理学感兴趣到余生一直研究物理学，可推出他是有决心的，即determined。故选A。CSupertyphoonRammasunsweptoverHainan,China,destroyingatleast23,000housesandcausing2billiondollarsindamage.Itwasnotjustpeoplewhoexperiencedtheimpact,though.InHainanBawanglingNationalNatureReserve,hometotheworld’s30remainingHainangibbons(长臂猿),landslidestorethroughsectionsoftheforest.Thegibbons,aspecieslivingintrees,wereforcedtojumpacrossadistanceofupto50feettogetfromoneareatoanother.Thegibbonssometimeswouldbreaktheirfallonlybymanagingtocatchholdofthetipofaparticularpalmleaf.Asmonthspassed,BoscoChanattheKadoorieFarmandBotanicGardeninHongKongnoticedthatconstantusecausedtheleaftowearandbenddownward,threateningtoleadtothegibbonscrashingdownandbreakingtheextremelyrarespecies’habitatintodifferentislands.“It’sreallyamatterofconcern.Moreover,Ididn’tknowhowlongtheleafwouldbeabletoholdthegibbons,”hesaid.“Ithoughtitwastimeforustobuildsomething.”AsrecentlydescribedinScientificReports,BoscoChanandhiscolleaguesturnedtoaerial(空中的)bridges.Theyhiredprofessionaltreeclimberstoconfrontandgetoverthesteeplandformtofixasimplebridge,consistingoftwoparallelmountaineering-graderopes.Ittookthegibbonsoverfivemonthstocatchon,butoncetheylearnedtousetheropes,theystartedregularlyusingthemtomakesafe,quickcrossings.Tillnow,aerialbridgeshavebeenusedinothercountriestohelpadiversityofanimalsrangingfromsquirrelstocapuchinmonkeys.Butmanyaresmall,one-offprojectscarriedoutbylocalorganizationsorevenindividuals;withlittleornoscientificstudyofwhatdoesordoesnotwork.Inaddition,asolutionforonespeciesorhabitatmaynotbeapplicabletoanother.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutHainangibbons?A.Theyareseverelyendangered.B.Theymainlyfeedonpalmleaves.C.Theyaregoodatlong-distancejumping.D.Theysufferaslightreductioninpopulation.29.WhatmakesBoscoChanworriedaboutthegibbons?A.Theirweaklinkwithnature. B.Theirfearofjumpsbetweentrees.C.Theirsurvivalaffectedbytyphoons. D.Theirhabitats’likelybeingdamaged.30.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“confront”inparagraph3?A.Makeuseof. B.Getridof. C.Takedown. D.Dealwith.31.Whichaspectofaerialbridgesdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Theirimportance. B.Theirlimitations.C.Theirpotentialuses. D.Theirlong-termeffects.【答案】28.A29.D30.D31.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述为了解决海南长臂猿跳跃的安全问题，专家们想到建立空中桥梁的的办法，但是它也有局限性。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asmonthspassed,BoscoChanattheKadoorieFarmandBotanicGardeninHongKongnoticedthatconstantusecausedtheleaftowearandbenddownward,threateningtoleadtothegibbonscrashingdownandbreakingtheextremelyrarespecies’habitatintodifferentislands.(几个月过去了，香港嘉道理农场和植物园的BoscoChan注意到，持续使用会导致树叶磨损并向下弯曲，有可能导致长臂猿崩溃，并将这种极为罕见的物种的栖息地分割成不同的岛屿。)”可知，海南长臂猿处于严重的濒危状态。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段““It’sreallyamatterofconcern.Moreover,Ididn’tknowhowlongtheleafwouldbeabletoholdthegibbons,”hesaid.“Ithoughtitwastimeforustobuildsomething.”(“这真的是一个令人担忧的问题。此外，我不知道这片叶子能支撑长臂猿多久，”他说。“我认为是时候让我们做点什么了。”)”可知，海南长臂猿的栖息地很可能遭到破坏。故选D。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“AsrecentlydescribedinScientificReports,BoscoChanandhiscolleaguesturnedtoaerial(空中的)bridges.Theyhiredprofessionaltreeclimberstoconfrontandgetoverthesteeplandformtofixasimplebridge,consistingoftwoparallelmountaineering-graderopes.(正如最近在《科学报告》中所描述的那样，BoscoChan和他的同事们转向了空中桥梁。他们雇佣了专业的爬树者来confront并越过陡峭的地形，以固定一座由两条平行的登山级绳索组成的简单桥梁。)”可知，这里描述解决办法，所以confront的意思应该是“解决”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tillnow,aerialbridgeshavebeenusedinothercountriestohelpadiversityofanimalsrangingfromsquirrelstocapuchinmonkeys.Butmanyaresmall,one-offprojectscarriedoutbylocalorganizationsorevenindividuals;withlittleornoscientificstudyofwhatdoesordoesnotwork.Inaddition,asolutionforonespeciesorhabitatmaynotbeapplicabletoanother.(到目前为止，其他国家已经使用空中桥梁来帮助从松鼠到卷尾猴等多种动物。但许多都是由当地组织甚至个人实施的小型一次性项目；很少或根本没有对什么有效或无效进行科学研究。此外，一个物种或栖息地的解决方案可能不适用于另一个物种。)”可知，这一段提到了空中桥梁的局限性。故选B。DProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors(处理器)—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon’tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla’sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwithindustry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfordealingwithwaste.32.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.B.Tointroducetheprocessofrecyclingwaste.C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.33.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.B.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.C.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.D.Theshockingscaleofwastemicrofactories.34.Whatdoes“re-form”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.B.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.C.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.35.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afictionnovel. B.Abusinessreport.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Achemicaltextbook.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。这些小垃圾处理器——有些只有500平方英尺——容纳了一系列回收垃圾并利用热技术将其转化为新材料的机器。新的“一体式”方法可能会让我们目前的回收流程相形见绌。)”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了介绍一种新型的垃圾处理机。故选A。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.(2018年，她启动了第一个微型工厂，建立了一种回收模式，使企业和社区能够在解决当地废物问题的同时开发商业机会。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了垃圾微工厂的优点。故选C。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来推进这一想法。)”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-form指的是“用废物产生新材料”。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。)”可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾微型工厂。由此可推知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(注意：此题答案涂在答题卡上。)Althoughagymmembershipcanbenice,youdon'thavetohaveonetogetintogreatshape!Allyouneedisalittlebitoftimeandspaceathomeforyourself.___36___Spend5to10minuteswarmingupbeforeeveryworkout.___37___Tryjumpingjacks,legorarmcircles,orevendancing.Justgetyourbloodpumping.Doaprogressiveaerobicactivitythatusesthesamemusclesyouwanttoworkout.Forinstance,slowlyjogifyouaregoingforalongerrun.___38___Strengthtraining,alsocalledresistancetraining,makesyoustrongerandbuildsendurance.Trytodoexercisesthatworkalotofmusclesandaddweighttoincreaseyourresistance.Thishelpsyoudoaharderworkouteverytimeyouexercise.___39___Youmightbeeagertojuststopyourworkoutwhenyou'vefinishedyourlastsetofactivity,buttakeafewminutestodolow-intensityexercisesthatloweryourheartrate.Youmightdropyourrunintoawalkorslowdownyourcycling,forinstance.Setachievablegoalsthatyoucanbreakintosmallertasks.It'sonethingtosayyouwanttogetfit,butthatmeanssomethingdifferentforeveryone.___40___Itshouldbespecific,realistic,andmeaningful.Then,breakdowneachgoalintosmall,actionablestepssoitfeelslikeyou'remakingprogressregularly.A.Notsurewhattodo?B.Wanttobuildmusclewithoutbuyingequipment?C.Dostrengthtrainingtwiceaweektobuildmuscle.D.Ifyou'restrugglingtofitinworkouttime,don'tworry.E.Spendfivetotenminutescoolingdownaftereachworkout.F.Figureoutwhatyouplantoachieveandmakethatyourgoal.G.Butbeforeeverything,youneedtocreateanat-homefitnessroutine.【答案】36.G37.A38.C39.E40.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些居家锻炼的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Althoughagymmembershipcanbenice,youdon'thavetohaveonetogetintogreatshape!Allyouneedisalittlebitoftimeandspaceathomeforyourself.(虽然健身房的会员资格很好，但你并不一定要拥有它才能保持好身材！你所需要的只是在家里给自己一点时间和空间)”可知，上文提到在家也可以保持好身材，结合下文介绍居家锻炼计划的一些具体方面，故G选项“但在这之前，你需要建立一个在家健身的习惯”符合语境，故选G。【37题详解】根据上文“Spend5to10minuteswarmingupbeforeeveryworkout.(每次锻炼前花5到10分钟热身)”以及后文“Tryjumpingjacks,legorarmcircles,orevendancing.Justgetyourbloodpumping.Doaprogressiveaerobicactivitythatusesthesamemusclesyouwanttoworkout.Forinstance,slowlyjogifyouaregoingforalongerrun.(试着做开合跳，绕腿或手臂，甚至跳舞。让你的血液循环起来。做一个渐进的有氧运动，使用你想锻炼的肌肉。例如，如果你要跑更长的距离，可以慢跑)”可知，本段介绍锻炼前的热身。答题空后介绍了三种热身方式，回答了A项的问题。故A选项“不知道该做什么？”符合语境，故选A。【38题详解】根据后文“Strengthtraining,alsocalledresistancetraining,makesyoustrongerandbuildsendurance.Trytodoexercisesthatworkalotofmusclesandaddweighttoincreaseyourresistance.Thishelpsyoudoaharderworkouteverytimeyouexercise.(力量训练，也叫阻力训练，能让你更强壮，建立耐力。试着做一些锻炼肌肉和增加体重的运动来增加你的抵抗力。这可以帮助你在每次锻炼的时候做更艰苦的锻炼)”可知，本段主要介绍了力量训练的作用和训练方法，故C选项“每周做两次力量训练来锻炼肌肉”符合语境，故选C。【39题详解】根据后文“Youmightbeeagertojuststopyourworkoutwhenyou'vefinishedyourlastsetofactivity,buttakeafewminutest