对外汉语专业词汇

1语言类syllable音节alphabet字母ambiguity语言中的歧异现象pronunciation发音Cantonese广东话vowel元音consonant辅音tone声调tonelanguage声调语言rhyme韵律rhyme押韵rhythm节奏intonation语调speechofsound语音lexicon词汇grammar语法word-building/-formation构词法morphologicalchange形态变化morpheme语素vocalcords声带organsofspeech发音器官respiratoryorgans呼吸器官phoneticalphabet音标ChinesePhoneticAlphabet汉语拼音phoneme音位attribute属性articulationoracle发音boneinscriptions甲骨文stroke笔画charactercomponent部首ideograph表意文字pictograph象形文字notionalword实词noun名词verb动词adjective形容词adverb副词pronoun代词functionword虚词conjunction连词moodword语气词preposition介词interjection叹词auxiliaryword助词modalverb情态动词subject主语object宾语attribute定语complement补语predicate谓语predicative表语adverbial状语modifier修饰语synonym同义词antonym反义词wordgroup词组tense时态propernoun专有名词register专业术语context语境ending词尾suffix后缀infix前缀originalmeaning本义basicmeaning基本义extendedmeaning弓［申义setphrase/idiom成语dialect方言Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语用学Appliedlinguistics应用语言学arbitrary/arbitrariness任意性productivit能产性duality二重性displacement移位性creativity创造性softpalate软腭hardpalate硬腭teethridge齿龈airstream气流stress重音annotate注音vroot词根stem词干wordorder词序Saussure索绪尔language言语活动parole言语langue语言competence语言能力performance言语行为isolatinglanguage孤立语agglutinativelanguage黏着语inflectionallanguage屈折语folklore民俗学character字word词sentence句子note注释exercise练习assignment作业theruleofwriting书写规则passage短文speechtempo语速courseware课件teachingobjective教学目标teachingprocedure教学步骤placementtest分班考试interlanguage中介语contrastiveanalysis对比分析Erroranalysis偏误分析positivetransfe正迁移rnegativetransfer负迁移LanguageAcquisition语言习得TargetLanguage目的语SecondLanguage第二语言Structuralism结构主义Behaviorism行为主义speechacttheory言语行为理论principleofconversation会话原则maxim准则conversationalimplication会话含义wideningofmeaning意义扩大narrowingofmeaning意义缩小meaningshift意义改变LAD=Languageacquisitiondevice语言习得装置2文学类methodofcreation仓M乍方法essentialfeatures基本特征worldoutlook世界观literarystyle文学风格emotionalfeeling思想感情Realism现实主义Romanticism浪漫主义Classicism古典主义literaryappreciationappreciationofliterature文学鉴赏literarycriticism文学批评literarytheory文学理论schoolsofliterature文学流派linguisticarts语言艺术literaryworks文学作品narrativepoetry叙事诗lyricpoetry抒情诗essay杂文fiction小说novel长篇小说medium-lengthnovel中篇小说shortstory短篇小说poetry诗歌prose散文drama戏剧tragedy悲剧comedy喜剧solemndrama正剧严肃剧stageplay话剧literaryscript文学剧本montage蒙太奇contemporary当代文学literaryheritage文化遗产publication出版regulation调节intellectual知识分子educationalbackground学历definition定义corresponding对应的creativeconsciousness创新意识literarycircle文学界literarytrend文学潮流individualvalue个人价值Renaissance文艺复兴Enlightenment启蒙运动humanism人本主义heroism英雄主义senseoflife生命意识literaryachievement文学成就legend传说imagination想象力humanright人权literaryflavor文学色彩techniqueofexpression表现手法supernaturalpower超自然的力量epic史诗strongwill坚强的意志keynote基调historicalplay历史剧plot情节time时间site地点theme主题distinctiveimage鲜明的形象character性格characteristic特征aestheticvalue美学价值exaggeration夸张contrast对比folkliterature民间文学socialstatus社会地位Sinology汉学religion宗教信仰worship崇拜Taoism道教Confucius孔子Confucian儒家的superstition迷信mythology神话emperor皇帝YellowEmpero黄帝rhierarchy等级制度taboo禁忌filialduty孝顺annals编年史dynastichistory断代史dynasty朝代title片名originalversion原著NationalDay国庆节Mid-AutumnDay/Festival中秋节SpringFestival春节LanternFestival元宵节Children'sDay儿童节DragonBoatFestival端午节5中国独特的传统饮食wonton馄饨guotiefriedjiaozi锅贴steamedtwistedrolls花卷setmeal套餐boxlunch;Chinesetake-away盒饭dialogue对白subtitle字幕take镜头clip片段picture画面speciality/major专业calligraphy书法vbeinrhyme扌甲韵category范畴3名著OutlawsoftheMarsh〈水浒传〉TheDreamofRedChamber〈红楼梦〉ThreeKingdoms〈三国演义〉TheJourneytheWest〈西游记〉Zhao'sOrphan元曲〈赵氏孤儿〉ChineseOrphan〈中国孤儿〉伏尔泰TheAnalectsofConfucius〈论语〉TheBookofSongs〈诗经〉Mencius〈孟子〉4中华民族的喜庆节日Women'sDay妇女节Water-SplashingDay泼水节Teachers'Day教师节YouthDay五四青年节ricetofu米豆腐konjaktofu魔芋豆腐ricenoodles米粉astickofsugar-coatedhawsorapples,etc.冰糖葫芦6中国新兴事物ChinaTelecom中国电信ChinaMobile中国移动the10thFive-YearPlan十五计划Chinanet中国电脑联网theThreeGorgesProject三峡工程ProjectHope希望工程friedricenoodles炒米粉Fishballsoup鱼丸汤egg&vegetablesoup蛋花汤0ystersoup牡蛎汤seaweedsoup紫菜汤sweet&soursoup酸辣汤wontonsoup馄饨汤porkthicksoup肉羹汤squidsoup鱿鱼汤tomatoesonsticks糖葫芦longevityPeaches长寿桃glutinousricesesameballs芝麻球hempflowers麻花plumjuice酸梅汁stinkytofu(Smellytofu)臭豆腐spicyhotbeancurd麻辣豆腐prawncracker虾片sh7特有的一些汉语词汇ZenBuddhism禅宗dhyana;dhgaya禅chaos混沌Daosim,thewayanditspower道FourNobleTruth四谛EightfoldPath八正道anity无常TheoryofFiveElements五行说anatman无我mettaortranscendentalmeditation坐禅sunyata空nothingness虚无8国家机关名称NationalPeople'sCongressNPC全国人民代表大会Presidium主席团StandingCommittee常务委员会GeneralOffice办公厅Secretariat秘书处CredentialsCommittee代表资格审查委员会MotionsExaminationCommittee提案审查委员会EthnicAffairsCommittee民族委员会LawCommittee法律委员会FinanceandEconomyCommittee财政经济委员会rimpballs虾球springrolls春卷paper宣纸yamen衙门kowtow叩头Confucius孔子pailou；pai-loo牌楼wushuChineseMartialArts武术kungfu；kungfu功夫thewayofmediumcf.GoldenMeans中庸harmonyzhonghe中和toshowfilialobedience孝丿顺dutifulson孝子familyhead家长threecardinal：三纲fiveconstantvirtues:五常guides:rulerguidessubject,fatherguidessonhusbandguideswife君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲benevolencehumanity,righteousness,propriety,wisdomandfidelity仁、义、理、智、信eight-leggedessays八股文raisingsonstosupportoneinone's养儿防老Themoresons/children,themore多子多福LongxuDitch龙须沟modelopera样板戏TheMineWarfare地雷战DrunkenedConcubine贵妃醉酒StateAdministrationforEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineundertheGeneralAdministrationofCustoms国家出入境检验检疫局海关总署9中国传统文化事物FarewelltoMyConcubine霸王别姬TearsofHuangshan荒山泪GatheringofHeroes群英会EastWind借东风GeneralandPremierMakeUp将相和TheStoryofPipa琵琶记WomenGeneralofYangFamily杨门女将FlowerDrumDance凤阳花鼓HomeintheSea大海啊，故乡MyChineseHeart我的中国心NightattheNavalPort军港之夜WinterFire冬天里的一把火PeonyPavilion牡丹亭AmbushfromAllSides十面埋伏（古曲）GoddessMarriage天仙配MoonandFlowerintheSpringRiver春江花月夜LastingWordstoAwakentheWorld醒世恒言ButterflyLove梁祝（小提琴协奏曲）OrdinaryWordstoWarntheWorld警世通言ClearWordstoIllustratetheWorld喻世明言ThreeVolumesofWords,TwoVolumesofSlapping"三言”“二拍”SurpriseStoriestoMakeOneSlaptheDesk拍案惊奇ADreamofRedMansion/Chamber红楼梦WaterMargin水浒JourneytotheWest西游记RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms三国演义StrangeTlesfromaScholar'sStudio聊斋志异PalaceofEternalLife长生殿ThePeachBlossomFan桃花扇TheScholars儒林外史CelebratingMother'sBirthday五女拜寿RiversideSceneatQingmingFestival清明上河图PekingOpera京剧YueOpera越剧ChuanOpera川剧TheShopofLinFamily林家铺子GardenofRespose憩园（巴金作品集）WildGrass野草（鲁迅作品集）Wandering彷徨（鲁迅作品集）Chinesedescent炎黄子孙OldTalesRetold故事新编（鲁迅作品集）fiveelements五行Avalokitesvara观音菩萨Boddhisattva菩萨mosque清真寺Taoist道士monk和尚nun尼姑arhat罗汉theGodofWealth财神爷DoorGods门神theJadeEmperor玉皇大帝KingofHell阎王爷DragonKing龙王theFireGod炉火神theKingofMedicine药王theQueenMotheroftheWest王母娘娘WaterCurtainCave水帘洞theGreatSageEquallingHeaven齐天大圣Buddhistscriptures佛经MountainofFlowersandFruits花果山HandsomeMonkeyKing美猴王goldencudgel金箍棒seventy-twodifferentforms七十二般变化PatriarchSubhut孙悟空的师父theProtectoroftheHorses弼马温GreatWhitePlanet太白金星MightyMiracleGod巨灵神PrinceNeZha哪吒三太子theImmortalityPeachGarden蕃桃园JadePool瑶池BarefootImmortal赤脚大仙TrueLordErlangzhenjun二郎真君EightTrigramsFurnace八卦炉LordLaoZioftheGreatMonad太上老君metal金HallofMiraculousMist灵霄宝殿FourHeavenlyKings四大天王FiveElementsMountain五行山wood木water水第10/14页fire火earth土HeavenlyKingwithaPagodainHand托塔李天王DujiangWeir都江堰theEightImmortals八仙IronCrutchLi铁拐李HanZhongli汉钟离ZhangGuolao张果老HeXiangu何仙姑LanCaihe蓝采和HanXiangzi韩湘子CaoGuojiu曹国舅LuDongbin吕洞宾RiverUncle河伯theThunderGod雷公Chang'e嫦娥LocalGodoftheLand土地神GrantingTitlestoGods封神榜theKitchenGod灶王爷ChinaTelecom中国电信ChinaMobile中国移动the10thFive-YearPlan十五计划Chinanet中国电脑联网theThreeGorgesProject三峡工程ProjectHope希望工程BeijingCKowloonRailway京九铁路Anti-PovertyProject扶贫工程VegetableBasketProject菜篮子工程Decent-LifeProject温饱工程EconomyHousingProject安居工程Porn-PurgingCampaign扫黄Go-WestCampaign西部大开发trigram八卦yin,yang阴、阳Dao(cf.logo)道thejianghuWorld(thetraits'world)江湖(世界)Daoism(Taoism)道excessiveinternalheat上火Confucianism儒学redology红学(《红楼梦》研究)Shangri-laorArcadia世外桃源kaifang(Chineseopennesstotheoutsideworld)开放gettinganequalshareregardlessoftheworkdone大锅饭scarliteratureortheliteratureofthewounded伤痕文学noimposinguniformityon不搞一刀切toshakeoffpoverty;anti-poverty脱贫toconformwiththenationalconditionsandthewillofthepeople合乎国情，顺乎民意impositionofarbitraryquotasandservicecharge乱摊派，乱收费iron(lifetime)post's;guaranteedleadingpost铁交椅Orderleadstoprosperityandchaostodecline治则兴，乱则衰第11/14页mural壁画Chinesetraditionalpainting国画inkandwashpainting水墨画silkpainting绢画woodengraving木刻画engraving版画shellcarvingpainting贝雕画newyearpicture年画potteryware陶器jadearticle玉器chinaware瓷器celadon青瓷bronzeware青铜器cloisonneenamel景泰蓝lacquerware漆器paintedpottery彩陶trio-coloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty唐三彩icecarving冰雕jadecarving玉雕stonecarving石雕bonescarving骨雕shellcarving贝雕woodcarving木雕treerootcarving根雕porcelaincarving瓷器雕ivorycarving象牙雕paintedsculpture彩塑doughfigurine画塑clayfigure泥人儿silkfan绢扇sandalwoodfan檀香扇foldingfan折扇pearl珍珠agate玛瑙coral珊瑚greenjade翡翠amber琥珀jade玉embroidery刺绣two-sidedembroidery双面秀tapestry挂毯batik蜡染wickerwork藤条制品puresilk真丝cigaretteholder烟嘴snuffbottle鼻烟壶seal图章pottedlandscape盆景screen屏风edanss轿子pinwheel风车acrobatics杂技magic魔术shakingdrum拨浪鼓bambooflute竹苗shadowpuppet皮影sugar-molded糖人courtyardhomes四合院stiltwalk踩高跷martialarts武术rickshaw人力车palacelantern宫灯finger-guessinggame猜拳monologuestory-telling说书time-honored老字号crosstalk相声payanewyearcall拜年firecracker爆竹astringofsmallfirecrackers鞭炮year-endhousehold大扫除lanternriddles灯谜第12/14页templefair庙会newyear'spicture年画tohangoutnewyear'spicture挂年画familyreuniondinneronlunarnewyear年夜饭tostayawakeallnight守岁glutinouscakefornewyear年糕thefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth大年初一eight-treasurericepudding八宝饭poeticcouplets对联toputupantitheticalcouplets贴春联toputupwindowpaper-cuts糊窗花moneyg