八年级下册英语知识点大总结

八年级下册英语知识点大总结八年级下册英语知识点大总结Unit1what’sthematter?1.What’sthematter?怎么了？若是询问“某人怎么了?”要用“What’sthematterwithsb.?”拓展：What’sthematterwithsb.?的同义句：What’swrongwithsb.?/What’sthetroublewithsb.?中考再现：Hi,John.?It’sLucy,mydog.Herlegishurt.A.HowareyouB.What’sthematterC.Who’sthatD.What’sLucylike2.疾病类短语:①.havea+疾病.e.g.:haveafever发烧haveacold感冒haveacough咳嗽②.havea+身体部位-ache.e.g.:haveaheadache头痛haveatoothache牙痛③.haveasore+身体部位.e.g.:haveasorethroat咽喉痛haveasoreback背痛中考再现：Mom,I.I’msorrytohearthat,dear.Wemustgotoseethedentistrightaway.A.haveaheadacheB.haveastomachacheC.haveatoothacheD.haveafever3.liedown躺下V.躺，平躺。现在分词是lying.e.g.:Don’tlieinbedallmorning!拓展：lie的词性和含义总结①.V.位于，坐落在。e.g.:JapanliestotheeastofChina.②.V.撒谎，说谎。lietosb.对某人撒谎。e.g.:Don’tbelieveherbecauseshealwayslies.③.N.谎言。telllies/alie说谎。e.g.:Youshouldn’ttellliestoyourparents.4.if引导的条件状语从句时，主将从现。中考再现：Stopsmoking,Joe!Youyourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat.A.willkillB.havekilledC.killD.killede.g.:Wesawtheboyplayingcomputergames.Weoftenseetheboyplaycomputergames.Wesawtheboylockthedoorandwalkoutoftheroom.WhenIwalkedthroughtheplayground,Isawmyfriendsfootball.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.isplaying6.get短语getup起来，起床getto(=reach,arrivein/at)到达geton上车getoff下车getinto陷入，参与getin进入，到达getback回来getready(for....)(为....)做准备getonwellwithsb.和某人和睦相处7.toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是；surprise是名词，惊讶，惊奇。8.havetrouble/difficultydoingsth.做某事时遇到困难。IalwayshavemuchtroubleEnglishwords.Canyougivemesomeadvice?A.torememberB.rememberC.remembering9.beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事。e.g.:Theyareusedtolivinginthebigcity.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事。e.g.：Heusedtoplayfootball,butnowhelikesplayingbasketball.10.takerisks/arisk.冒险。riskV.冒险。11.①.runout用完，用尽，主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无生命的东西。e.g.：Allthemoneyranout.②.runoutof用完，主语通常是人。e.g.：Wehaverunoutofourpocketmoney.12.off短语：turnoff关闭，关掉takeoff起飞，脱掉putoff推迟，拖延getoff下车giveoff发出，散发setoff出发中考再现：Wehavetothebikeridebecauseofthebadweather.A.putoffB.turnoffC.takeoffD.getoff13.①.importantadj.重要的unimportantadj.不重要的importancen.重要性中考再现FromtheshowRunningMan,wecanlearntheofteamspirit.②.makeadecision=decide后接不定式，“做出决定，决定.”Imadeabigtostopdoingmyjobforafewmonths.③.beincontrolof掌管，控制outofcontrol脱离控制中考再现：Thecarwasoutofandhitatreebytheroad.A.dangerB.breathC.controlD.practice14.①.keep(on)doingsth.继续做某事，坚持做某事。中考再现：Hekeptsothathecouldbeinhealth.A.exerciseB.exercisingC.toexercise②.giveup“放弃”代词放中间giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事中考再现:Nomatterhowharditis,don’t.Thingswillbebetterinthefuture.A.giveoutB.giveupC.giveaway15.重难点全解：情态动词should①should的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务，意为“应当，应该”,可用于任何人称。翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。16.易错易混全解Themeatisexpensiveandeatingmeatisn’tgoodforourA.toomuch,muchtooB.toomuch,toomuchC.muchtoo,toomuchD.muchtoo,toomanyMilliemadeafewmistakesintheexamhercarelessness.A.becauseB.sothatC.asaresultD.becauseofLeiFengformanyyears,buthisspiritisstillencouragingus.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadUnit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.1.hopetodosth.希望做某事，含hopetodosth.的句子可以转换为宾语从句。2.“动词+up”的短语小结：cleanup打扫干净cutup切碎growup长大setup熬夜setup建立，设立stayup熬夜wakeup醒来，叫醒takeup占用giveup放弃useup用完cheerup使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）putup搭建，张贴makeup组成，编造endup最终成为，最后处于中考再现：ManyvolunteerswillhelptothecityparksnextparksnextFriday.A.giveupB.pickupC.cleanup3.giveout：①发出，放出（热，光等）Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth②用完，耗尽Wehadjustreachedhomewhenthepetrolgaveout.③公布，发表Thenewsoftheeventwasgivenoutovertheradio.4.give的短语：giveaway捐赠，赠给giveup放弃giveback归还giveoff发出，放出givein让步，屈服givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物5.putoffdoingsth.推迟做某事e.g.:Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.常见的put短语：puton穿上，戴上putout熄灭，扑灭putup搭起，升起，张贴putupwith容忍putaway收起来中考再现:Theyheardthepartywasbecauseoftheeupwith提出，想出（答案，计划等）Hemanyideastosolvetheseproblemalready.8.care的延伸:①派生词:careful小心的carefully小心地careless粗心的carelessly粗心地短语：carefor照顾，喜欢careabout关心，在意takecare小心takecareof照顾，照料9.such+a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词“如此...”注意：当名词前有many,much,few,little修饰时，要用so,而不用such.中考再现：Wehadawfulweatherwecouldn’tfinishtheworkontime.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.suchan,that10.-ing是名词后缀。e.g.：reading阅读writing写作spelling拼写swimming游泳skating滑冰fishing钓鱼smoking抽烟11.besatisfied/pleasedwith...对....满意satisfactionn.满意，满足12.常见的“take+介词/副词”短语：takedown写下，拆除takeoff起飞，脱掉takeout取出，掏出takein吸收takeover接管takeaway带走takeup占用takeback收回中考再现：Imyfather’swetshoesandwashedhisfeet.A.tookoutB.tookoffC.tookplace13.常见的“动词+away”的短语：throwaway扔掉，丢弃runaway逃跑getaway逃离passaway逝世keepaway离开，使不接近takeaway带走goaway离开putaway收起来giveaway捐赠stayaway远离----Whatareyoudoing,Mum?----I’msomeoldthingsforayardsale.A.givingawayB.hurryingupC.cleaningoutD.walkinginto14.besimilarto和....相似/类似e.g.:Hisdressissimilartomineincolor.中考再现：ThesemodelcarsinChinain2013.A.aremadeB.weremadeC.makeD.made16.makeit+adj.（+forsb.)+todosth.使某人做某事........findit+adj.（+forsb.)+todosth.发现..怎么样17.beexcitedabout因...而兴奋不已e.g.:Wewereexcitedaboutthegoodnews.同根词：excitev.使激动，使兴奋excitedadj.激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人）excitingadj.令人激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰事或物）excitementn.激动，兴奋Theyareaboutthenews.A.excited,excitedB.exciting,excitingC.exciting,excitedD.excited,exciting18.could的用法:①表建议，语气较委婉“可以”e.g.:Youcouldhelptocleanthepark.②can的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。e.g.:Shecouldn’tdressherselfuntilfive.19.动词不定式的用法:Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecarashortrest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份.状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.1.副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.HespeaksEnglishverywell.他英语说得非常好.（very是程度副词,用来修饰well.verywell是修饰speak的程度状语）2.介词短语Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬.（forhisbravery在句中作原因状语）3.从句作状语IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.如果我明天不忙,我将和你一起踢足球.（IfIamnotbusytomorrow在句中作条件状语）4.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语.Icomespeciallytoseeyou.我专门来看你.（toseeyou在句中充当目的状语）5.分词作状语Havinghadaquarrelwithhiswife,helefthomeinabadtemper.和他妻子吵架后,他生气地地离家出走了.（havinghadaquarrel在句中作时间状语）Remindednottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagerleftfortheairportinahurry.（remindednottomisstheflightat15:20在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系,所附例句有限,希望你能对状语有一个概要的了解.B.“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what,how,when,where,which等之后，作主语，宾语，表语等。e.g.:Howtogetthereisaproblem.（作主语）Idon’tknowwhattosay.(作宾语）ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.(作表语）中考再现：--It’simportantforustoknowallthesubjects.----Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.A.howtostudyB.whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudyC.含动词不定式的常用搭配①有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan,hope,agree,decide等。e.g.:Weplantogoclimbing.Myfatheragreedtotakeustothemuseum.Theydecidetojointheswimmingclub.②有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：Weadviseparentstheirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.leavingB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave20.repair,mend,fix区别①repair意为“修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。e.g.:WhenIgothome,mybrotherwasrepairinghisradio.②mend意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩具，要缝补的衣物等。e.g.：Mykiteisbroken.Canyoumendit？③fix意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g.:He’soutsidefixingthebrakesinthecar.中考再现:Shelivesinasmallvillage,butshedidn’tfeel.A.lonely,lonelyB.alone,lonelyC.lonely,aloneUnite3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?2.有关“家务劳动”有关的短语：takeouttherubbish/trash倒垃圾foldone’sclothes叠衣服sweepthefloor扫地cleantheroom打扫房间makeone’s/thebed铺床dothedishes/washthedishes洗餐具3.throwdown扔下throwat扔向，掷向throwaway扔掉，丢弃中考再现：Recyclingisgood,sodon’tbottlesornewspapers.A.findoutB.handinC.useupD.throwaway4.theminute表示“一....就.”,相当于assoonas.(引导时间状语从句)e.g.:I’lltellhimtheminutehegetsthere.5.常见time的短语：allthetime一直，总是attimes不时，有时intime及时ontime按时forthefirsttime第一次innotime立刻，马上atanytime随时atthesame同时haveagood/great/wonderfultime玩的愉快bythetime到.的时候中考再现：-Hurryup.It’salmosttimeforschool.---Don’tworry.Wearesuretobeatschool.A.attimesB.ontimeC.allthetimeD.bythetime中考再现：--Hurryup.It’salmosttimeforschool.-----Don’tworry.Wearesuretobeatschool.A．attimesB.ontimeC.allthetimeD.bythetime6.as….as表示“和..一样”，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。e.g.:Sheisastallasherelderbrother.中考再现：Look!Thishouseisasasthatone.A.themostbeautifulB.morebeautifulC.beautiful否定结构是notas/so…as,表示“不如…….,比不上…..”----.A.NeitherIdoB.NeitherdoIC.SodoI8.insurprise惊讶地e.g.:Shelookedatmeinsurprise.9.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。e.g.:SheaskedmewhyIlikedcartoons.中考再现：----I’dliketoknow.............-------Maybeintheforest.A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocampingC.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping10.inorderto“目的是，为了”，后跟动词原形。inordertodosth.表示“为了做某事”，否定结构是inordernottodosth.“为了不做某事”。sothat,inorderthat表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，可以转换为含to,inorderto的句子。中考再现:Inorderforthemeeting,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.A.nottobelateB.notbeinglateC.tobelateD.videsb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.表示“给某人提供某物”。中考再现：Parentsoftentheirchildrensomegoodadvice.A.offer;withB.offer;/C.provide;withD.bothBandC12.“动词+on”的短语：dependon/upon依赖，依靠，取决于….,由….决定geton上车turnon打开comeon快点，加油puton穿上，上演callon号召passon传递concentrateon专心，集中精力中考再现：--Mum,shallwegotothebeachtomorrow?----Ittheweather.A.carriesonB.livesonC.dependsonD.holdson13.since作连词，意味“因为，既然”，此时引导原因状语从句，表示因果时1因为，自…以来:IscaredofdogseversinceadoghurtmewhenIwasfiveyearsold.A.willbeB.wasC.havebeenD.wouldbe14.takecareof表示“照顾”，和lookafter,carefor是同义表达；表示“好好照顾某人”要用takegoodcareofsb.=lookaftersb.well.中考再现：Inourdailylife,wemustlearntoourselveswellatanytime.It’sasimportantasstudying.A.dealwithB.worryaboutC.lookafter15.①asaresult意为“结果，因此”eg.:Hedidn’tstudyhard.,hefailedhisexam.②fall的短语小结：fallasleep睡着，入睡fallill生病fallbehind落后falloff跌落，从…跌下来falldown跌倒，摔倒fallinlovewith…爱上….Heandhasbeeninhospitalfortwodays.重点难点全解16.用could提出要求和征求许可用could提出要求常见的结构是Couldyou(please)…?译为“你能……吗？”或“请你….好吗？”如果同意就用OK.或Noproblem.等来回答。如果不同意就用Sorry,Ican’t.等来回答，并以委婉的方式来解释原因。中考再现：--Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor,Tom?------Sorry,mum,I.............I’mdoingmyhomework.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot------CouldyoupleaseturnofftheTV?------，I................Iwanttowatchthesportsnews.A.No;couldn’tB.Sorry;can’tC.Sure;canD.Sorry;couldn’t用could征求许可常见的结构是CouldI….?可翻译为“我能/可以....吗？”此时回答不用could,习惯上肯定回答用may,can等；否定回答用can’t或mustn’t(语气中)。中考再现：--CouldIborrowyourbike,please?-----.A.OfcourseyoucanB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.Yes,I’dlovetoD.No,thankyou易错易混全解both,either,neither,all,noneboth译为“两者都”，用于两者之间，可以和and搭配，both…and…表示“…..和..都”neither是both的完全否定形式，表示“两个都不”。可以和nor搭配，neither…nor…表示“……和..都不”either表示“两个人或物中的一个”。可以和or搭配，neither…or…表示“或者…或者….;要么….要么…..”all译为“全部”，用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间212none是all的完全否定形式，译为“没有一个”JiefangbeiisnotfarfromChaotianmen.Youcaneasilyvisitinaday.A.eachB.noneC.bothD.neitherborrow表示“借；借来；借入”，指向别人借来东西，搭配是borrowsthfromsb.lend表示“借给，借出”，指把东西借给别人，搭配是lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.keep表示“长时间地借用”，可以和时间段以及howlong搭配ThelibrariantoldmethatIcouldthesemagazinesfor3days.A.borrowB.buyC.keepD.returnUnit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?1.allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”，也可以是allowsb.sth.其被动语态是“主语+beallowedtodosth.”,“某人被允许做某事”中考再现：Myparentsdidn’tallowmetotheparty.A.goB.togoC.goesD.wenthangout闲逛eg.:Sheoftenhangsoutinthesupermarket.2.What’swrong(withsb.)?=What’sthematter?询问“某人怎么了”eg.------What’swrongwithyou?-------Idon’tfeelwell.wrong作形容词，意为“有毛病的，错误的”。近义词：false错误的incorrect不正确的。反义词：right正确的correct正确的eg.:There’ssomethingwrongwithmybike.3.leaveherofficethepolicearrived.A.HoweverB.wheneverC.whileD.until4.whynotdosth.?=whydon’tyoudosth.?“为什么不做某事呢？”中考再现：--WecaninviteNickandNoratoShanghaiDisneylandwithus.----?I’llgivethemacallrightnow.5.①lookthrough翻阅，浏览lookat看lookfor寻找lookafter照顾lookdown向下看lookaround环顾，往四下看lookup向上看，查阅lookout小心lookupto仰慕，看得起lookdownon看不起lookover仔细检查lookforwardto期待中考再现:-----Ifoundmysistermythingsandtookmynewmagazines.WhatshouldIdo?-------Iguessyoushouldtellherit’snotright.A.lookingthroughB.lookingupC.lookingfor②findsb.doingsth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”Ifoundmysisterwithherfriendsinthegarden.A.playsB.playingC.playedD.toplay----HeispracticingEnglishhecanwinthespeechcompetition.A.tospeak;inordertoB.speaking;sothatC.speaking;inordertoD.tospeak;sothat7.although,though,eventhough都可以用来引导让步状语从句，它们都不能和but同时使用。中考再现：Mikedidn’twintherace,hewasstillwearingasmileonhisface.A.IfB.SinceC.AlthoughD.Because8.workout解决（问题),改善（状况）pointout指出goout出去findout发现，查明takeout取出，掏出turnout结果是runout用完---Ibelievethatyoucanthisproblembyyourself.---Thankyouforyourencouragement.A.workoutB.takeoutC.turnoutD.runout9.getonwith=getalongwith和睦相处，关系良好geton/alongwellwithsb.和某人相处得很好中考再现:Weshouldthinkmoreofothersifwewanttothem.A.getonwellwithB.hearofC.getreadyforD.hearfrom10.arguewithsb.和某人争吵，和某人争论Don’ttrytohimuntilhe’scooleddown.1.whatever=nomatterwhat无论什么，不管什么eg.:Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.---Ihearthecompanyhimaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.A.donatedB.servedC.offeredD.Imunicatewithsb.和某人交流，和某人沟通名词形式:communication中考再现：Afteryouarguewithyourparentsyoumust（交流）withthemandexplainwhyyoudidthat.14.mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事中考再现：Themovieissointeresting.Idon’tseeingitagaintomorrow.A.enjoyB.mindC.keepD.Fpetewith...和...竞争competev.比赛，竞争competitionn.比赛，竞争competitiveadj.比赛的，竞争的16.cutout删除，删去cutup切碎cutdown砍倒cutoff切掉cutin打断，插嘴Youcantheunimportantdetails.17.quickadj.快的，快速的quicklyadv.快速地近义词:fastadj.快的rapidadj.迅速的反义词:slowadj.慢的slowlyadj.缓慢地中考再现：Excuseme,wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore?Sorry,Ithoughtyoucouldfollowme.A.sadlyB.quicklyC.politelyD.slowly18.continuetodosth.=continuedoingsth.继续做某事（者意义相同，没有区别）19.compare...with...把.与..相比中考再现:Whenyouyourselfwithothers,youmissthewonderofwhoyouare.A.compareB.communicateC.contactD.Connect20.重点难点全解until,sothat和although引导的状语从句①.until意为“直到.....为止，到.时”。Continueinthisdirectionuntilyouseeasign.一直朝着这个方向走直到你看到一个指示牌。Ididn’twakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。中考再现：Dad,whendidyoucomebackfromthefarmlandyesterday？Well,Ididn’tcomebacktherainstopped.A.whileB.untilC.Because②.sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。注意sothat,inorderthat和inorderto在用法上的区别。LetmetakedownyourtelephonenumbersothatIcancallyoulater.（同义句)中考再现:Mymothergetsupatfiveeverydayshecanpreparebreakfastforus.A.inordertoB.sothatC.if③.although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”.中考再现：Iliveinasafecommunity,IstillfeelworriedwhenIgooutatnight.A.AlthoughB.SinceC.Until21.易错易混全解①.elder,olderelder指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的先后和年龄的长幼，常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。older指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。中考再现：DoyouknowthatChinaisoneofcountriesintheworld？Yes，Ido.It’smuchthantheUS.A.Oldest,olderB.Theoldest,olderC.Theoldest,elderD.Theolder,elderIcameinsteadofmyelderbrother.Unite5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?1.Whatwas/were+主语+doing+其他？某人在过去的某个时间正在做某事。过去进行时：结构是was/were+现在分词。中考再现：--Whydidthecarhittheboy?-----Becausethedriveronthephoneatthattime.A.talkB.istalkingC.wastalkingD.havetalked2.go的短语小结：goaway离开goover复习，温习goback回来goon继续gothrough穿过，通过goby（时间）流逝，过去中考再现：It’s7:00o’clocknow,butthealarmdidn’t.A.turnoffB.gooffC.takeoffD.putoff3.许多副词由“形容词+ly”构成。如下：She(突然)foundherselfbeingtalkedaboutinallthenewspaper.4.pickup接电话Ididn’tpickupyourphonebecauseIwasbusy.拾起，捡起Pleasepickuptherulerontheground.开车去接Mymotheragreedtodrivehernewcartopickmeup.中考再现：--Look!What’sontheground?-----Oh,it’smysweater.Please.A.pickitupB.putitup.C.giveitoutD.takeitoff5.fallasleep入睡，睡着diedown逐渐变弱，逐渐消失中考再现：Becauseitwastoonoisyoutsidelastnight,weallfounditdifficult...................................................................(fall)6.被动语态的结构：be+过去分词.(考虑时态)中考再现：Manyhousesbytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedC.weredamagedD.aredamagedIsaidthatIwasdoing