2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷

I.ListeningComprehension1．(★)A．Bytheseaside．

B．Inarestaurant．

C．Inasupermarket．

D．Athome．2．(★)A．Drivingtheprivatecarcostslittle．

B．Takingsubwayrequiresaspecialpass．

C．It'smoreconvenienttocarrycannedfishbyprivatecars．

D．It'suncomfortabletotakethesubway．3．(★)A．Aphonecompanyclerk．

B．Amechanic．

C．Atravelagent．

D．Amarriageconsultant．4．(★)A．Thewomanshouldgoouttowork．

B．Thewomanshouldlakechargeofthecleaningherself．

C．Maidsarenotverytrustworthythesedays．

D．Hecontributesalottothefamilyeconomy．5．(★)A．Heisnotcleverenoughforthemathclub．

B．Hedoesn'thaveenoughenthusiasmtoexploremath．

C．Helacksformerexperiencesinmathstudy．

D．Hewillbesoonerorlateradmittedintothemathclub．6．(★★★)A．2．B．3．C．5．D．7．7．(★★)A．Thewomanwasmistakenaboutwhereshelostheripad．

B．Thewoman'sipadmightbekeptwellinthelibrary．

C．There'saveryslightchanceoffindingbackheripad．

D．Heripadisforpublicusesoshemightaswellbuyanewone．8．(★★)A．Asasciencefictionfan，shehasalreadyseenIhefilm．

B．Shewillgotodealwithadentalproblemthen．

C．Shewillgoforabusinessappointmentthen．

D．Sheisnotveryhappytogotoseeafilmwithiheman．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第1页。9．(★★★)A．Herpersonalfeelingquitecontrastswiththeresearchfinding．

B．Readingbooksisteenagers'favouriteactivity．

C．Alltheresearchesareofferingmisleadinginfonnation．

D．Mobilephoneshavetakennoneofteenagers'leisuretime．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第1页。10．(★★)A．Previouscustomershaveboughtuptheovensonsale．

B．Manyothergoodsonsalearestillavailable．

C．Themancanbuytheoventhroughotherchannels．

D．Theovenisnowsoldatregularprice．11．(★★★★★)（1）A．Totakeadvantageofcheapsugarcane．

B．Toreducecarbondioxideemission．

C．Toaddasellingpointforitscola．

D．Toattractmoreyoungcustomers．

（2）A．Toexchangefoodrecipe（配方）withthesecompanies．

B．Tosharecustomerinformationwiththesecompanies．

C．Togetinvestmentsfromthesecompanies．

D．Torelievethesecompany'sdependenceonpetroleum．

（3）A．Coca-Cola'snewwaystoculcosts．

B．Coca-Cola'stransfertorecyclableplantplastics．

C．Coca-Cola'ssuccessfulpartnershipswithotherbusinessgiants．

D．Coca-Cola'seffortstopaymoreattentiontocustomers'needs．12．(★★★)（1）A．Itprovidesjetburststostronglycleanthebody．

B．Itinstallsnoise-maskingeffectequipment．

C．Ithasaprivatedoctorstandbythetoilet．

D．Itcollectsone'sphysicaldatawhenthetoiletisused．

（2）A．Thetoiletwillbemoreeconomicalonwater．

B．User'sdoctorcaninstantlygetthedata．

C．Adeviceinsidethebasinwillbeinstalled．

D．Treatmentsuggestionswillbedeliveredtothedoctor．

（3）A．Becauseyoungpeoplearenotkeenoninnovations．

B．Becauseyoungpeoplearesuspiciousofthetoilet'sfunction．

C．Becausetheretailpriceishighfortheyoung．

D．Becauseyoungpeopledon'tknowmuchabouttheproduct．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第2页。13．(★★★)（1）A．Becauseifsanexperiencedcarrentalagency．

B．Becauseitprovidesbigdiscountontherent．

C．Becauseit'sconvenienttocollectthecarafterarrival．

D．Becauseitofferscommutecarsandcarsforlongtrip．

（2）A．Unreliabletechnology．

B．Shortbatterylife．

C．Potentialradiationfromelectricity．

D．Lackofchargingpoints．

（3）A．€370．B．€400．C．€530．D．€560．

（4）A．Carrentalservicefee．

B．Insurancefee．

C．Gasfee．

D．Trafficfine．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第2页。

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，tillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第3页。14．(★★)Uh-oh，thenewyear'sjustbegunandalreadyyou'refindingithardtokeepthoseresolutionstojunkthejunkfood，getoffthecouchorkicksmoking．There'sabiologicalreasonwhyalotofourbadhabitsarcsohardtobreak-theyget（1）（wire）intoourbrains．

"Whyarebadhabitsstronger？You'refightingagainstthepowerofanimmediatereward，"saysDr．NoraVolkow，directoroftheNationalInstituteonDrugAbuseandanauthorityonthebrain'spleasurepathway．

"Weallascreaturesarebehavingthatway，togivegreatervaluetoanimmediaterewardasopposedto（2）isdelayed，"Volkowsays．

Howthisbitofhappinessturnsintoahabitinvolvesapleasure-sensingchemicalnameddopamine．Itcausesthebrain（3）（pursue）thatrewardagainandagainstrengtheningtheconnectioneachtime-especiallywhenitgetstherighthintfromyourenvironment．

Peoplelendtooverestimatetheirabilitytoresisttemptationsaroundthem，thus（4）（destroy）attemptstogiveupbadhabits．Evenscientistswhorecognizeit（5）showweakness．"Iknowpopcornsarenothealthy．ButeverytimeIgotothecinema，Ihavetoeatit，"Volkowsayst"It'sfascinating．"

Amovementtopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmayexploitthatconnection，assomecompaniesofferemployeesoutrightpaymentsorinsurancereductionforadoptingbetterhabits．

（6）wellpayingforbehaviorplaysout，researcherssaytherearestillsomestepsthatmayhelpfightyourbraiiVshold（7）newly-establishedhabits．

Repeat，repeat，repeatthenewbehavior-thesameroutineatthesametimeofday．Youdecidetoexercise．Doingitatthesametimeofthemorning，ratherthanfittingitincasually，（8）（make）thestriatum（终脑皮层）recognizethehabit．Therefore，ifyoudon'tkeepdoingit，youwillfeelfrustraled．

Exerciseitselfraisesdopaminelevels，soeventuallyyourbrainwillgetafeel-goodhit（9）yourmusclesprotest．

Besides，trytorewardyourselfwith（10）thatyoureallydesire．Forinstance，ifyouexerciseallweekorsticktoyourdiet，youcouldtryafancyrestaurant-saferperhapsthanaboxofcookiesbecausethepriceinhibitsthequantity．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第3页。

SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Kachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第4页。15．(★★★★)A．necessaryB．infectC．extremesD．refreshedE．spells

F．impactG．accompaniedH．sufficientI．shrinkJ．silencedK．earned

Astheincreasedamourtofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere，heatstress，longerdroughts（干旱）andmoreintenserainfallslinkedtoglobalwarmingcontinuetoupsetourdailyweather，weoftenforgettheyalso（1）thequantity，quality，andgrowinglocationsofourfood．Manyfoodshavealready（2）topspotsontheworldsHendangeredfoodsulist，indicatingtheirpossibilitytobecomescarcewilhinthenext30years．

Tostartwithwhatis（3）inmanypeople'slives，wearedisappointedtofindthatcoffeeplantationsinSouthAmerica，Africa，Asia，andHawaiiareallbeingthreatenedbyrisingairtemperaturesanderratic（不稳定的）rainfallpatterns，whichinvitediseaseandinvasivespeciesto（4）thecoffeeplantandbeans．Theresult？Significanlcutsincoffeeoutput．

AndCoffee'sculinarycousin，cacao（akachocolate），isalsosufferingstressfromglobalwamiing，srisingtemperatures．Butforchocolate，itisnrtthewamicrclimatealonethat'stheproblem．Cacaotreesactuallypreferwarmerclimatesaslongasthatwarmthispairedwithhighhumidityand（5）rain．However，theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedlobe（6）byanincreaseinrainfall．Thereforeashighertemperaturestakemoremoisturefromsoilandplants，it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthisloss．

Anotablynutritiousplant，thepeanutgrowsbestwhenitgetsfivemonthsofcontinuouswarmweatherand20to40inchesofrain．Anythinglessandplantswon'tsurvive．Thatisn'tgoodnewswhenmostclimatemodelsagreethattheclimateofthefuturewillbeoneofthe（7）includingdroughtsandheatwaves．

Theworldhasalreadycaughtaglimpseofthepeanut'sfuturefatewhenlastyearaseriousdroughtacrossthepeanut-growingSoutheasternU．S．ledmanyplantstodie．

Accordingloafinancialreport，thedry（8）causedpeanutpricestorisebyasmuchas40percent!

Finally，intheworldofsea，asairtemperaturesrise，oceansandwatenvaysabsorbsomeoftheheatandundergowanningoftheirown．Theresultisthe（9）infishpopulation．Warmerwatersalsoencourageviciousmarinebacteria，likeVibrio，togrowandcauseillnessinhumans．

AndthatsatisfyingMcrackMyougetwheneatingcrab（M）couldbe（10）asshellfishstruggletobuildtheircalciumcarbonateshells，aresultofoceanacidification．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第4页。

Ⅲ.ReadifigCompirheiisioiiSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第5页。16．(★★★)"Don'tgetsickinJuly!"

ThisisacommonconcerninteachinghospitalsintheU．S．It'sdrivenbytheacademiccalendar：Julyiswhenthenewinterns，treshoutofmedicalschool，startwork．Inotherwords，it'swheneveryoneismost（1）Thetheoryisthatthisdisadvantageleadstomistakes．

Soismedicalexperiencegoodorbad？Well，inmostcases，yourdoctor'sexperienceisveryhelpful，allowinghertopickupona（n）（2）symptomearlyinadiseaseprocess，whenmachinesstillcan'ttakeahand．Shecanalsodeterminetherighttreatmentwhenyourconditionfallsoutsideofwhatisinthe（3），wherenewbiesgetmostoftheirideas．Formanymedicaltrealments，there'sadirectconnectionbetweenphysicianexperienceandyourtreatingoutcome．

Inavarietyofsituations，though，experiencecanbackfire．Thereasonissimple（4）Doctorsarehumanstooandthey（5）tricksofthemind一likebelievingthatanineffectivetreatmentreallyworks．Infact，entirefieldsofresearcharedevotedtounderstandingwhytheseenorsofthoughtoccur．They（6）fromso-calledcognitiveprejudicethatcanmisleadeven（7）practitionersintomakingthewrongdecisions．

Doctorsareusuallylockedontoadiagnosisearlyanddisregardnewand（8）information．Forexample，apatientmaybediagnosedwithaquicklyfatalcancer，butthenendsuptryingvariousherbalremediesandlivesfor30moreyears．Insteadofanalyzingthe（9）diagnosis，thepatient，andmaybeeventhedoctor，mayassumethattheherbalremediescuredthecancer．

Also，someexperienceddoctorstendtobelieveevidencewhenitsupportstheirpreviousopinionwhilesubconsciouslyignoringinfonnationopposingit．Let'ssayyourdoctorisprettycertainyouhaveilldigestionandordersatestto（10）thesuspicion，whichproducesnegativeresult．Butshetreatsyouforilldigestionanywaybecauseshewas（11）withthepriordiagnosisbyexperience．

Infact，thereareclearlymanybenefitstohavingahighlyexperienceddoctor，suchastechnicalproficiency．Buttheremayactuallybesomeunexpectedbenefitstohavingaless-experiencedonetoo．Shemayhaveamoreup-to-dateeducation，boundlessenergyandperhapsislessvulnerabletobiases，freedfromthesame（12）foryears．

Tosafeguardyourselfasapatient，onethingyoushouldalwaysdois（13）．

Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletodeterminethatyourdoctorhasmetwithanunconsciousthinking（14）Butaskingquestionsdoesforceyourdoctortothinktwiceand（15）herdecisionaboutyourcase．

2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第5页。（1）A．innocentB．productiveC．inexperiencedD．prohibited（2）A．slightB．objectiveC．complexD．sustainable（3）A．mediaB．traditionC．realityD．textbook（4）A．psychologyB．educationC．procedureD．priority（5）A．takeadvantageofB．makesenseofC．fallvictimtoD．playfirewith（6）A．springB．departC．benefitD．distinguish（7）A．highly-motivatedB．weII-seasonedC．deeply-offendedD．wide-eyed（8）A．moderateB．visibleC．conflictingD．permanent（9）A．initialB．toughC．multipleD．private（10）A．evaluateB．operateC．confirmD．revise（11）A．preoccupiedB．labelledC．associatedD．concerned（12）A．professionalcircleB．thinkingpatternC．academicbackgroundD．operatingorder（13）A．investigatingB．questioningC．monitoringD．observing（14）A．obstacleB．trapC．horizonD．struggle（15）A．practiceB．accommodateC．justifyD．remove

SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearcfourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第6页。17．(★★)LastOctoberIwasonadivingholidayinthePhilippineswithsevenotheradvanceddivers．Idivedofftheboatslowlysinkingtoabout20m．

Afternearly45minutes，thesoundofmybreathingwasdrownedoutbyalowrumblelikeanengineandIfeltdeeppowerfulvibraiions（震动）asifabigboatwithapropellerwaspassingoverhead．Thediveinstructor'seyeswerewidewithconfusiontoo．Webothswamnexttoeachotherstayingclosetothesideofthereef（礁石）．Thesituationfeltsinister．

Thenwewereenvelopedbycloudsofwhitesandthatmushmoomeduparoundus．Coulditbeagiantturtle（海龟）racingpastus？Theyarenormallyslowmoverssothiswasveryweirdbehavior．ThevibrationbecamesointensethatIcouldfeelitinmybonesandthenthesoundturnedintoadeafeningroar．Suddenly，afewmetersbelowus，breaksbeganfonningandthesandwassuckeddown．That'swhenIgotwhalitwas．Thenoisewasthesoundoftheearthsplinteringopenandgrindingagainstitself．

TheinstructorandIheldhandsandlookedintoeachother'seyes．Ifeltcomfortedbyhispresence．Iwasnumb（麻木的）forterrorbutclear-headed．Mybodywentonhighalert，readytoreact．ButIhavenopoweroverwhateverthisis．Theonlyoptionistostayverystillandletitdowhateveritsgoingtodo．

Ittookenormouswillpowertoresisttheurgetoswimtothesurface，whichisnotsensibleassituationonthesurfaceatthattimewasambiguouswithpotentialthreatspending．Soonwesawotherdivers．

ThesoundandvibrationlastedonlytwoorthreeminutesandwhentheystoppedIheardtheswooshofsandfallingovertheseabed．Weallheldhandsbeforeresurfacingtoavoiddecompressionsickness，whichcanbefatal．Whenup，itwasahugerelieftoseeallthediversandweallsharedincredulouslooksbeforepullingoutourbreathingtoolsandshouting，''Whatwasthat？"

Backontheboat，werushedtocheckthenewsanddiscoveredwehadwitnessedahugeearthquake，measuring12ontheRichterscale．Itreleasedmoreenergythan30Hiroshimabombs，thoughitseemedthatwewerenotattheepicenter（震中）．Iwashighandfeltluckysurprisinglynotbecauseofmyrecentsurvivalmiracle，buttohaveexperiencednatureatitsmoststunninganditsmostfrightening．

（1）Howdidtheauthorrealizethattheymetwithanearthquake？

A．Byfeelingtheviolentshakeunderthesea．

B．Bywitnessinganormally-slowturtlequicklymovingby．

C．Byseeingtheseafloorcrack．

D．Bycheckingthenewsandbeinformedoftheevent．

（2）Whydidn'ttheauthorrisetothesurfacebeforethevibrationstopped？

A．Becausetheinstmetorgesturedhimnottorise．

B．Becausehewasnumbinbody．

C．Becausehecouldsensetheunclearwatersituation．

D．Becausehetriedtoavoidunexpecteddangerabove．

（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？

A．Atthebeginningoftheevent，abigboatpassedbycausingbigvibration．

B．Allthediversusedthereefastheprotectionagainsttheviolentvibration．

C．Ifeltrelievedastheinstructorwasexperiencedinhandlingsituationslike2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第7页。this．

D．Powerlesstofightnature，Iwastamewhenunderthewater．

（4）Whydidtheauthorfedfortunateontheboat？

A．Becausehewasnotattheepicenteroftheearthquake．

B．Becausehefinallysurvivedahugeearthquake．

C．Becausehecouldwitnessararenaturalphenomenon．

D．Becausehedidn'tsufferfromdecompressionsickness．2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第6页。2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第7页。2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第8页。18．(★★)Amazonispresentingtoyouourweeklybestsellersinthefictionsection．

TwilightWhispers

Linkedforyearsthroughfriendshipandintemiamage，theWairenandWhytefamiliesfindtheircharmedworldmarredwhenMarkWhyteandhiswifeDeborahWarrenaremurdered．Policedetectives，hearingabout[dissension]ofthefamilies，setouttoexaminethemystiquebehindtheirsuperficialrapport．

KatiaMorell，daughteroftheWhyte'shousekeeper，isdrawnbacktohergrowingplaceandisforcedtofaceherlife-longloveforJordanWhyte．Asmanysecretsareuncovered，especiallyaboutKatia'sbiologicalfather，thetwoyoungpeopletromrivalfamiliesareencounteringfiercefamilyobjectionintheirsearchforhappiness．

TheNewColossus

NellieBly，blessedwithcourageandreportageskill，landstwofrontstoriesonthewidely-readnewspaper，JosephPulitzer'sNEWYORKWORLD．

Pulitzerissoimpressedthatheassignshertoamurdercaseconfusingthepolice-thedeathofEmmaLazaru．Herinvestigationleadstotenseencounterswithsomepowerfulandruthlessmenofthetime，whenevilsrunwildonunregulatedupperclass．Blyhasonerealally：adoctorwhousesscientifictechniquestoestablishcriminalbehavior．Asthepiecesfallintoplace．Blyuncoverslayersofcorruption（腐败）．Theessentialconnectionbetweenthemurdercaseandtheprevalentgreedanddarknessofthethensocietyfinallyemerges．

TheLastDaysofNight

AyounglawyernamedPaulCravath，takesacasethatseemsimpossibletowin．Paul'sclient，GeorgeWestinghouse，hasbeensuedbyThomasEdisonoverabillion-dollarquestion：Whoinventedthelightbulbandholdstherighttopowerthecountry？

ThecaseaffordsPaulentrytotheheadyworldofhighsociety一theglitteringparliesandthedarkdealingsbehindcloseddoors．Thetaskisbeyonddaunting．Edisonisadangerousopponentwithvastresourcesathisdisposal-privatespies，newspapers．Yetthisunknownlawyershareswithhisfamousopponentacompulsiontowinatallcosts．

Inobsessivepursuitofvictory，PaulreceivesfavorsfromNikolaTesla，abrilliantinventorholdingthekeytodefeatingEdison．

BonesDon'tLie

PrivateinvestigatorLanceKrugerwasjustaboywhenhisfathervanishedtwenty-threeyearsago．Sincethenhe'slivedundertheweightofthatdisappearanceforover20years-untilhisfather'scarisfinallydraggedoutfromGreyLake．Itshouldbeatimeforclosure，exceptfortheskeletonfoundinthetrunk．Amissingpersoncasegonecoldhasbecomeamurder．

ForLance，theinvestigationyieldstroublingquestionsaboutamanhethoughtheknew．Butmemoriescanplaydirtytricks．ForhispartnerattorneyMorgan，uncoveringeachnewliecomeswithadisquietingfearthalsomeoneisouttherewatching，killingeverywitnesstiedtothisdecades-oldcrime．

（1）InwhichwayisTheLastDaysofNightdifferentfromtheotherthreenovels？

A．InthalTheLastDaysofNightexposestheevilandthedarkdealingsoftheupperclasslifethen．

B．InthatnobodyiskilledillegallyinTheLastDaysofNight．

C．InthattheleadingcharacterinTheLastDaysofNighthasgothelpfromothercharacters．

D．Inthattheleadingcharacterisbornintoarichupperclassfamily．

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？

A．InTwilightWhispers，thebiggestchallengeforKatiaandJordanisthelongseparationoftimeandspacebetweenthem．

B．InTheNewColossus，thecauseofthemurderisrootedinthethencorniptedsociety．

C．InTheLastDaysofNight．PaulfinallywinsthelawcasebecauseofhisclientWestinghouse'svastresourcesatdisposal．

D．InBonesdon'tlie，LanceKmger'sfatherwasconfirmedbythepoliceasthemurderedwhenLancewasaboy．

（3）Theunderlinedworddissentionisclosestinmeaningto．

A．financialworsening

C．thelossofpower

B．silence

D．conflict2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第8页。2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第9页。19．(★★★)Ifwhatwedidweresimplyworktolive，therealityofoureverydayexistencewouldbeequivalenttothatofstoneageman．Allofhumanachievementthatmakesmodemlifepossiblehashappenedbecauseofthetimethathasbeenfreedupfromtheworkofeverydaysurvival．

Formostofthehumanspeciesonearthmanandwomanhavebeenoccupiedwiththesimplebusinessofstayingaliveinmuchrelativecomfortaspossible．Huntingandgathering，findingorbuildingshelter，defendingthelittlethatonehasfromplunder（抢夺）．survivinglongenoughtohaveoffspringsofamatureenoughagetocontributetothewelfareofthegroup-thiswasinitiallythemainbusinessofliving．Ithasonlybeencomparativelyrecently，sincetheagriculluralandindustrialrevolutionsthatusedemergingtechnologiestofreehumanbeingsfromthe[drudgery]ofday-to-daysurvival，thattimehasbecomeavailabletodootherthansimplysurvive．

However，livingtoworkisaluxutythatweshouldnottakeforgranted，forevennowstillmostofthehumanracecouldn'tbeblessedwiththepearl．

Whenwelivetoworkweenjoywhatwearedoing，otherwisewewouldn'tbedoingit．Theterm"livetowork"implieschoice．Workingtolivedenotestheexactopposite：anythingwilldothatpaysthebills．Anyoneinthelattersituationwillattesttoiheundesirabilityofbeinginsuchaposition．Livingtoworksuggestsexhilarationinone'scalling：itsummonsimagesoffreedomandexcitementintheprospectofwhateachnewdaywillbring，whereasworkingtolivesuggestslittlechoiceifany．"Whatdoyouwanttodowhenyougrowup4．r，isaquestionwithwhichmostchildrenwillbefamiliar，perhapsevenbored．Itisaquestionofwhatevenayoungadultcanoftennotbesureofuntiltheyhavehadexperiencesofmanydifferentjobs，oratleasttheonestheythoughttotry．Buttobeforcedtoworkatataskthatonedocsnotenjoydayafterdayforsur\fivalwouldbelastchoiceonanyone'slist．Enlightenedhumanity，whileacknowledgingthatsomeundesirablejobsmustbedoneregardless，wouldacknowledgeChatifonewasmotivatedinhiswork，theworkwouldbesomuchbetteraccomplished．

（1）Theunderlinedworddrudgeryisclosestinmeaningto．

A．imaginationB．hardlaborC．draggingD．familiarity

（2）Itisimpliedinthetextthathumanbeings．

A．havebeensatisfiedbycontributingtothewelfareofthegroup．

B．stayedaliveinmuchpossiblecomfortlorcenturies

C．madelittleprogressbeforetheemergenceoftechnologies

D．wereaddictedtohunting，gatheringandbuildingshelters．

（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？

A．Humanachievementsfacilitatingmodemlifearcdoneduringtheleisuretimefreedfromsurvivalwork．

B．Tliemajorearlybusinessofhumansistoseekchancesfortechnologicaldevelopments．

C．Inmodemsociety，mostpeoplehaveenoughcomfortstomakeindividualchoicesforwork．

D．Mostadultscananswerconfidentlyquestionsconcerningwhatjobstheywanttodo．

（4）Thebesttitleforihepassagewouldbe．

A．Technology，adrivingforcetopushhumansahead

B．Workingtolive，abasicconditionforpleasantlivingtowork

C．Differentdesiresandprospectspeoplehavefordifferentkindsofwork．

D．Workingtoliveorlivingtowork，achoicedistinguishingjoyfromsuffering2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第9页。

SectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetvvomoresentencesthanyouneed.2018年上海市静安区高考英语二模试卷全文共13页，当前为第10页。20．(★★)A．Theappropriatefeedingandcaringstylesweregreatlyrewardedinallaspects．

B．Itwasclaimedthatsimplyfeedingandchangingthemwouldbeadequate．

C．Some，however，demonstratelittleinfluencewithroughlyordinarybehaviorpattern．

D．Maternalattachmentplaysafundamentalroleinshapingwhoweare．

E．Necessitiesarcnotjusttheavailabilityoffoodandwater．

F．Andtheysimplydidn'tgrowlikenormalinfants．

Mostpeopledon'tneedsciencetoappreciatetheimportanceofamother'slove．Buttounderstandhowearlymaltreatmentcanderailachild'sdevelopmentrequirescarefulstudy．

Inafamousresearch，HarryHarlowhaddemonstratedthatproperpsychologicalandphysicaldevelopmentofinfantsrequiresnurturingandattentionfromaparent．

（1）Inthatresearch，sociallyisolatedmonkeybabiesthatwereremovedfromtheirmotherswerefoundtobeclingingtoacloth-covcrcdsurrogatemotherforcomfort．

Suchexperimentationssoundcruel．They，however，havebeencriticalinhelpingchangepoliciesinhumanorphanagcs（孤儿院）intheU．S．Forcenturiessonicorphanagestreatedinfantsequallyinhumanely．Despiteearlyevidencethatorphanageinfantswerefarmorelikelytodiethanothers，supportersarguedthatitdidn'tmatterwhetherchildrenhad"parents"speciallydevotedtothemattheorphanage．（2）Orphansweresupposedtobeinpositivementalandphysicalhealthuntiladoptiveparentswerefound．Babies，theysaid，couldn'trememberanyway．

TheharrowingconsequencesofthesetheoriesweremostvividlybroughttolightinRomaniainthe1980sand‘90s．Abanonabortion（流产）ledtoasurgeinorphanagebabies．Simplybeingfedandchangedwithoutindividualizedaffection，somebabiespresentseriousproblems．Manydevelopedviolentbehaviors，repetitivelyrockingorbangingtheirheads．Somewerecoldandwithdrawnorindiscriminatelyaffectionate．（3）Theirheadsizeswereespeciallysmall．

Theyevenhadproblemswithattentionandcomprehension．Thelongerthesechildrenwereleftalone，themoredamagewasseen．

Thelackofasecureattachmentre