VIBRAZIONI振动器中英文

VIBRAZIONI振动器VIBRAZIONI振动：mechanicaloscillationgeneratedbythepressurewavesthatpropagatethroughsolids.气压波通过固体传播产生机械振动。Theoscillationisamovementthatperformsamovingpointaroundanequilibriumposition;振动是围绕平衡位置的一种往复运动。Thetimethatelapsesbetweentwosuccessivestepstotheequilibriumpointissaidperiod(T,[s])whilethenumberofcycles(periods)tosecondissaidvibrazionifrequence。连续两次通过平衡点位置所用的时间称为周期（T，[S]），每秒的运动周期次数称为振动频率（Hz,S-1）。Inadditiontothefrequency,thevibrationsarecharacterizedbytwoparameterscloselyconnectedtoeachother:除频率外，振动还有两个密切彼此相关的参数：theamplitudeAofthedisplacement[cm]振幅：位移A[cm]acceleration[m/sec2]加速度：[m/sec2]Theaccelerationisthemostimportantparameterfortheassessmentofbodyresponsetovibration,ashefeelsmorethevariationofastimulusthatitscontinuation加速度是评估物体对振动响应的最重要的参数，因为它是感受到刺激振动变化而延续进行。Thevibrationphenomenacantakeondifferentaspects:sinusoidal,random,shock.振动现象可以呈现出不同的形式：正弦曲线，随机的，冲击。Thesinusoidalaspectistherepresentationofvibrationwithfrequencyandamplitudeshiftconstants;正弦曲线形式是指具有恒定频率和振幅位移的振动。randomvibrationsrandomvibrationsarecharacterizedbycomplexoscillationswhichhavarecharacterizedbycomplexoscillationswhichhaveabroadeabroadspectrumoffrequenciesandamplitudesofdisplacement,whicharearrangedinanunpredictablemannertothedifferentfrequencies;随机振动的特点是它是一种复杂的震荡，具有宽幅的频率和变换的位移，以不可预知的方式变换不同的频率。aspectsshockarecharacterizedbylargeamplitudevibrationsintheshortduration,foroccasionalaccelerations冲击形式的特点是它以不时的加速度在短时间内产生大振幅振动。FrequencyandAmplitude频率和振幅Eachbodycanbeputintovibrationbyanexcitationexternaltoit,developingwhocallthemselvesforcedoscillations.每个物体都可以由外部刺激置于振动中，产生它们自称的强迫震荡。Themechanicalsystems,aswellasourbody,havetheabilitytodamptheoscillationsreducingtheamplitude,intheuprightposture,thelegsdampenverticalvibrations;机械系统，以及我们的身体，可以减弱这种震荡以致降低振幅，以直立的姿势站立，腿部可以减弱垂直振动。horizontalvibrations,whichcomemainlythroughthehands,arereducedgraduallyinthesamehands,elbowsandshoulders主要通过手部传播的水平振动，会在通过手部，肘部，肩部时逐渐减弱。verticalvibrations垂直振动horizontalvibrations水平振动hehumanbodycanbeconsideredasasystemwithndegreesoffreedom,sothatdoesnotvibrateasasinglemasswithasinglenaturalfrequency,buteachmass,everyorganandeveryindividual"segment",eachhavingitsownfrequencyresonance.人体可以被视为具有n个自由度的系统，所以它不会以一个单一的质量和单一的自然频率振动，但是对于每一块，每个器官和每个单独的“部分”，都有其自身的共振频率。EFFECTSOFVIBRATIONSpathophysiological振动的病理生理影响Inordertoevaluatetheeffectofvibrationsonhumansisnecessarytoconsiderseveralparameterssuchas:为了评估振动对人体的影响，需要考虑一些如下参数：1)theentranceregionofthevibrationsandtheirdirection

振动的入口区和它们的方向2)thefrequency频率3)theacceleration加速度4)theintensity强度5)thedurationofexposure持续时间Themechanicalvibrationisconsideredapotentialmethod,asthestimulusisavibratorysignalsuitablefortheproprioceptors,therefore,astimulusforelective"enter"inthecircuitsofmotorcontrol.机械振动被认为是一种电位法，因为刺激物是一种适合自动感应器的振动信号，所以选择的刺激物可以进入电机控制的线路。Thevibrationisamodeofpropagationofenergy,whetheritbeelectromagnetic,electrical,magnetic,thermalormechanical.Avibrationissimplyanoscillationamplitude,oftenperiodic,energy.Inourcaseitisapropagationofmechanicalenergy.Inourcaseitisapropagationofmechanicalenergy.振动是一种能量传播的方式，无论它是以电磁、电、磁、热或是机械的形式。振动就是简单的震荡幅度，固定周期，能量。在我们的讨论中，它是一种机械能量的传播。Inthecontextofthebiologicalexperimentationaredistinguishedessentiallytwotypesofmechanicalvibration:在本文的生物实验中，机械振动可以分为两种基本的类型：TheWholeBodyVibration(WBV),themechanicalvibrationthat,startingforexamplefromthefeetorhands,hasabilitytoinvadethewholebody.Thefocalvibration,whichappliestoasinglemusclegroup.全身振动（WBV）,这种机械振动例如可以从手部或脚部开始，然后可以扩散至全身。震源震动，适用于单一的肌群。Thefocalvibration,iswidelyusedinresearchtoactivetheproprioceptivesystemofindividualmusclesorjoints.Ithaslongtriedtouseitfortherapeuticpurposes,itiswellknownitsactiononmusclespindles.Becausethesenervereceptorsaresensitivetoelongation,thistypeofvibrationisusedtoforcethemusclesequenceselongationsandshorteningsofatleast0.5millimeters,usually1-2mm,withfrequenciesbetween80-120Hz.震源振动被广泛应用于研究激活个别肌肉或关节的本体感觉系统。很久以来都用它进行治疗目的，它因作用于肌肉纺锤体而著名。因为这些神经受体对于延伸很敏感，这种类型的振动可以用来强迫肌肉序列在频率80-120Hz之间至少0.5毫米，通常为1-2mm的延长和缩短。ITSFEATURESINCLUDENONITSFEATURESINCLUDENON--INVASIVENESSANDABILITYTOINVASIVENESSANDABILITYTOPERFORMANALYTICALWORKONTHEMUSCLES,ONTHETENDON,ONTHEBLOODSTREAM,ONTHELYMPHATICSYSTEMANDONTHEBONE’SMETABOLISM.其特点包括非完全扩散以及它可以针对肌肉、肌腱、血液、淋巴系统和骨骼新陈代谢完成分析工作。VERYRECENTWORK,HOWEVER,CONVERGEONSOMENEWASPECTS:近期工作，主要集中在一些新的方面：

-themechanicalvibrationtohavepersistenteffectsmusttakeadequatetime(10-15minutes)(RosenkranzK,RothwellJC.JPhysiol2003;551.2:649-660;RosenkranzK,RothwellJC.JPhysiol2004,561:307-320)机械振动必须有足够的时间保障（10-15分钟）才可以有持续的影响。--frequencyfortheproprioceptivesystemcircuitisparticularlyensitive(80-120hz/100-200hz).本体感觉系统电路对频率特别敏感。--themotorcontrolsystemissusceptibletobeenhanthemotorcontrolsystemissusceptibletobeenhancedinitscedinitsfunctionsbytheapplicationofparticularsequencesofsensoryinputs(WolpawJR,TennissenAM(2001)AnnuRevNeurosci24:807-843).电机控制系统的功能易被感官输入特殊序列的应用所加强。Thesearemethodsthatenhancephysiologicalmechanisms,astheycanonlyactivatephysiologicalmechanisms.这些是加强生理机制的方法，因为它们只可以作用于生理机制。SOMESCIENTIFICSTUDIES一些科学研究

Theeffectsofthecontrolledadministrationofvibrationsonthebodyhumanareknownsince1949,whenthefirstscientificworkinthisspecificarea.1949年在此特殊领域内的科学研究首次开展，到那时振动控制管理对人体的作用才被人们所知。SCIENTIFICSTUDIES科学研究

In1989itwasscientificallyrecognizedthetherapeuticvalueofvibrationforwhatrelatedtotheirosteogeniceffect,whichjustifiestheirapplicationingeriatricmedicineijustifiestheirapplicationingeriatricmedicineingeneralandngeneralandsomespecificdiseaseslikeosteoporosis.(20-30hz).到1989年振动治疗对成骨细胞的影响的价值才被科学界公认。在一般的老年医学和一些特定疾病例如骨质疏松症（20-30hz）中证明了它的应用。SOMEEXAMPLES…一些例子。。。。。…AFTER1WEEKOFTREATTAMENT治疗一周后AFTER2WEEKSOFTREATTAMENT治疗两周后THELOCALIZEDMECHANO-ACOUSTICVIBRATIONINSPASTICITY痉挛状态下局部机械声波振动

Objective:Theeffectsofanovelrepeatedmusclevibrationintervention(rMV;100Hz,90minover3consecutivedays)oncorticomotorexcitabilitywerestudiedinhealthysubjects.目的：一种新颖的反复肌肉振动介入（rMV;100Hz,连续三天超过90分钟）对运动皮层兴奋性的影响在健康者中进行研究。Methods:rMVwasappliedovertheflexorcarpiradialis(FCR)duringvoluntarycontraction(experiment1),duringrelaxationandduringcontractionwithoutvibration(experiment2contractionwithoutvibration(experiment2).Focaltranscranialtranscranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)wasappliedbeforerMVandonehour,andone,twoandthreeweeksafterthelastmusclevibrationintervention.Ateachofthesetimepoints,weassessedthemotormapareaandvolumeintheFCR,extensordigitorumcommunis(EDC)andabductordigitiminimi(ADM).Short-intervalintracorticalinhibition(SICI)andfacilitation(ICF)weretestedfortheflexor/extensormusclesalone.方法：rMV应用于桡骨腕屈肌（FCR）当其主动收缩时（实验1），当其在没有振动下放松和收缩时（实验2）。集中于经颅的磁力刺激（TMS）在rMV前和肌肉振动介入后1小时、1周、2周和3周时应用。在每个时间点，我们评估FCR，普通指伸肌（EDC）和小指外展肌（ADM）的运动范围和量。短间隔皮层抑制（SICI）和促进（ICF）只用来测试屈肌/伸肌肌肉。Long-termeffectsonmotorcorticalexcitabilityinducedbyrepeatedmusclevibrationduringcontractioninhealthysubjects健康者肌肉收缩时反复的肌肉振动会对运动皮层兴奋性的较长作用Two-dimensional(2-D)corticalmapsoftheFCRandEDCmusclesbeforeandatthedifferenttimepointsafterrMVintheVCgroup.MapvolumesoftheFCRandEDCmusclesareshownatthebaseline(pre-rMV),atpost-2andpost-3.AnevidentdecreaseintheFCRmapvolumecanbeseenatpost-2andpost-3,whiletheEDCmapvolumepatternisreversedatthesametimepoints.在VC组，在rMV之前和之后不同时间点FCR和EDC肌肉二维（2-D）皮层图。FCR和EDC肌肉图像显示基线上（rMV前）、后-2和后-3中。在FCR图像后-2和后-3中可以看到一个明显的下降，然而在EDC图像中，相同的时间点与FCR相反。Results:FollowingrMVundervoluntarycontraction,weobservedasignificantreductionintheFCRmapvolumesandanenhancementintheEDC.结果：在rMV主动收缩之后，我们观察到在FCR图像中有显著的降低和在EDC图像有显著提高。SICIwasincreasedintheFCRandreducedintheEDC.Thesechangespersistedforuptotwoweeksandoccurredatthecorticallevelinthehemispherecontralateraltothesideoftheintervention.SICI在FCR中增加，在EDC中减少。这种变化持续长达两周，在介入侧的对侧半球皮层上发生。Conclusion:WeconcludethatrMV,appliedduringavoluntarycontraction,mayinduceprolongedchangesintheexcitatory/inhibitorystateoftheprimarymotorcortex.Thesefindingsmayrepresentanimportantadvanceinmotordisorderrehabilitation.结论：我们推断出在主动收缩时应用rMV可能在初级运动皮层兴奋/抑制状态下引起长期变化。这个发现可能代表着在运动障碍恢复上的一个重要进步。IMPROVEMENTOFPOSTURESTABILITYBYVIBRATORYSTIMULATIONFOLLOWINGANTERIORCRUCIATELIGAMENTRECONSTRUCTION前交叉韧带修复后用振动刺激改进姿态稳定性。

O.BrunettiAEG.M.FilippiAEM.LorenziniAEA.LitiAER.PanichiAEM.RosciniAEV.E.PettorossiAEG.CerulliReceived:26September2005/Accepted:12January2006/Publishedonline:9June2006Themechanicalvibration(100Hzfrequencyand<20Imamplitude)ofthequadricepsmuscleinthelegthathasundergoneACLreconstruction.Inourtrials,stimulationwasperformedwhenthequadricepsmusclewaskeptisometricallycontracted.Ninemonthsaftertreatment,posturalstabilitywasreevaluatedwiththesubjectsstandingononelegwithopenandwithclosedeyes.股四头肌的机械振动（频率100Hz，振幅<20Im）完成了前交叉韧带修复。在我们的试验中，当四头肌保持等长收缩时刺激起作用。在治疗九个月后，受试者应在单脚站立时睁眼和闭眼状态下重新评估其姿态稳定性。Cumulativevaluesofellipticarea(a)andvelocity(b)ofCoPofsubjectswhounderwentACLreconstruction.Filledcolumnrepresentsdataobtainedinclosedeyecondition(dark)andthedashedcolumnthoseobtainedinopeneyecondition(light).Subjectswerestandingonnon-operatedside(NO)oronoperatedside(O)andunderwenttrue(V)orfalse(NV)vibration.完成ACL修复的受试者纺锤体椭圆面积（a）和运动频率(b)的累计值。填充柱代表在闭眼（暗夜）条件下获得的数据，虚线柱代表在睁眼（明亮）条件下获得的数据。受试者站在未运转侧（NO）或运转侧（O）来完成正确（V）或错误（NV）的振动。Theasterisksindicatethevaluesthatarestatisticallydifferentfromthoseobtainedwithsubjectsstandingonthecontra-lateralleg.*指统计中不同于受试者对侧腿站立时所获得的值。ThevibrationhaveeffectsonReceptoractivationofmusclespindles(musclespindlereceptors),bothatthelevelofthecomplexmuscle-tendondirectlyurged,thatofadjacentmusclegroups.振动对肌梭（肌梭受体）的受体激活，直接对复杂的肌肉-肌腱以及周围的肌肉组织均有作用。(HagbarthandEklund,1985;Seidel,1988)Thistypeofresponsefromthemuscleinthevibratorysolicitationisdefinedbytheterm"tonicvibrationreflex"(RTV)(HagbarthandEklund,1966).在vibratorysolicitation中的肌肉这种类型的反应在专业术语中被定义为“肌肉紧张振动反射”.

MUSCLEANDTENDON肌肉和肌腱

(10-200Hz)RTVinducesanincreaseincontractileforceofthegroupsmuscleinvolved(HagbarthandEklund,1966,Johnstonetal,1970;Arcangeletal.,1971,Armstrongetal.,1987;Matyasetal.,1986,Samuelsonetal.,1989;Woodsetal.,2000).RTV诱导参与的肌肉群收缩力增加RTVThemuscle-tendoncomplex,undervibrationsupportsmodest,butvibrationsupportsmodest,butsignificant,changesofitslength.(Kerschan-Shindletal.,2001),股肉-肌腱综合体，在振动下使它的长度可以进行适度的、但重要的改变。（Kerschan-Shindl等人，2001）Thevibrationsdetermineaseriesofconcentricandeccentriccontractionsofsmallamplitude(Rittwegeretal.,2001).Thisparticularmechanicalbehaviorcouldinduceafacilitationofspinalreflexexcitability(Burkeandetal,1996).振动决定了一系列的小幅度内的同心和偏心的收缩（Rittweger等人，2001）。这种特殊的机械行为诱导脊椎应激性反射更为容易。(Burke等人，1996)(Burkeetal.,1976)advancethehypothesisthattheRTVoperatespredominantly,ifnotexclusively,throughthealphamotorneuronsanddoesnotusethesamepatternscorticalefferentsystemsusedwithinthevoluntarymovement.ButIncreasedthemotorunitsrecruitmentthroughactivationneuromuscularspindleandpatternsofpolysynapticactivation(DeGailetal.,1966)推进这样一种假说，在alpha运动神经元中，RTV运行为主，但非完全，而且与自发运动中的皮层传出系统不使用相同的样式。但是通过激活神经肌梭和突触激活方式增加运动单位募集（DeGail等人，1966）Tonicvibrationreflex肌肉紧张振动反射

Applyingavibratorystimulustothemuscle-tendonjunction,toensurethatthevibrationinvolvingafairlywideportionofthemuscle,intherangeof100-200Hz,makeachangeinreflectionofthemuscletoneundervibrationlimitedtothemuscleanditsantagonists,inagreementwiththemodelofthestretchreflex:excitationautogeneticandreciprocalinhibition(Hagbarth,1973).将振动刺激运用到肌肉-肌腱交界处，以保证振动波及到大部分的肌肉，在范围为100-200Hz内，在振动下改变肌肉张力的反射，限制到肌肉和它的对抗肌，与牵张反射的模式一致：激发自生和交互抑制（Hagbarth,1973）Avibratorystimulusappliedtoinitiallymusclerelaxedtendstoproduceainvoluntarytoniccontractioninthismuscle(Rushworthetal.,1966;Marsdenetal.,1969),,contractionwhichincreasesinintensitycontractionwhichincreasesinintensityastheconsiderationmuscleiselongated(Eklundetal.,1966,Johnstonetal.,1970),allofithappensuntilthevibrationisappliedandthesubjectremainspassive.应用于最初肌肉放松的振动刺激往往在该肌肉处产生非自发的肌肉紧张收缩（Rushworth等人，1966;Marsden等人，1969），考虑到延长时收缩强度增加（Eklund等人，1966,Johnston等人，1970），使用振动后目标保持被动，将会发生上述过程。PROPRIOCEPTORS自动感知器

Thisparticularpropertythathasthevibratorystimulustoactivatethemajorityoftheterminationsspindleprimaryofamusclemakesthemechanicalvibratoraninstrumentwidelyusedtounderstandhowthecentralnervoussystemusestheproprioceptiveinformation(Gordoetal.,1995).这种特殊的属性，可以使振动刺激激活初级肌梭的大部分终端，使机械振动仪得以广泛使用以了解中枢神经系统如何获得自动感知的信息(Gordo等人，1995).THECORPUSCLESOFPACINI帕奇尼小体

FA-2(FastAdaptation-2),localizedinsubcutaneoustissueoccursintheindividualelderlyelevationofthevibratoryperceptionthresholdconcomitantwithalossthecorpusclesofPacini(CaunaandMannan,1958)FA-2（快速适应-2）位于皮下组织，在年龄较大的人中发生，振动感知界限的高度伴随帕奇尼小体的损失而改变。（Cauna&Mannan,1958）Theperceptionofvibratorystimulation,wouldbeblamedprimarilytoPacini'scorpuscles,whichshowavibrationalfrequencyoptimumhigherthan100Hz,rangespansreceptorfrom90to600Hz(LoewensteinandSkalak,1966).振动刺激的感知主要归于帕奇尼小体，帕奇尼小体的振动频率最高可达100Hz，接收范围幅度从90到600Hz（Loewenstein&Skalak,1966）。,alwayslocatedintheepidermis,correspondtothediscsofMerkelorSA-1(SlowAdaptation-1).通常位于上皮中，与Merkel触盘或SA-1(慢适应-1)一致Showreceptivityandtowardsthemovement,thatinrespectintensityofmechanicalstimulitowhichtheyaresubjected.对他们受到的机械刺激强度有关的运动表现出敏感。MECCANOCETTORSSLOWADAPTATIONMECCANOCETTORS慢适应

motionsensitivelocatedinthederma,callMeissner'scorpuscles,otherwiseknownasFA-1(FastAdaptation-1)vibratorystimulioflowfrequency,valuebetween5and40Hz(LaMotte,andMountcastle,1975)位于真皮的运动感知，称为麦纳斯小体，或者FA-1（快适应-1）低频振动刺激，数值为5-40Hz(LaMotte&Mountcastle,1975)Meissner'scorpuscles麦纳斯小体

FLUTTER摆动thevibrationsoflowfrequency,aroundavalueof40Hz,Manifestfeelingoftremor,otherwisedefinedbytheterm"flutter“(Talbotetal.,1968)40Hz周围的低频振动，明显感觉到震颤，另有术语定义为“摆动”(Talbot等人，1968)Reflexeffectsofvibrationonposture姿势振动中的反射效应

Thecontributionofproprioceptiveinputtotheposturaladjustmentinhumanswasdemonstratedalsothankstotheevocationofperceptualillusions(Hayetal.,1996;Rolletal.,1998),bymeansofthevibrationappliedtothedifferentmusclesferentmusclesinvolvedintheposture(Eklund,1969).Thedirectionofthebody’smovementisdependentbythesiteofthevibration(Eklund,1969;Kavounoudiasetal.,1999,2001).已证实本体输入对人体姿势调整的贡献也归功于感性幻想的激发。（Hay等人，1996;Rolletal.,1998），通过应用于参与姿势调整的不同肌肉振动（Eklund,1969）。身体运动的方向由振动位点决定（Eklund,1969;Kavounoudias等人，1999,2001）Thevibratorystimulationappliedtothemuscleswhichactontheanklesinducestheillusionofmovingintheoppositedirectiontothesiteofthevibrationandcausesanimbalanceintheoppositedirectiontothissensation;adjustmentreflectedintendedtooffsettheillusionofstretchingofthemusclebyshaking.作用于脚踝的肌肉上的振动刺激，产生反方向运动的错觉，并导致不平衡感；调整反射以抵消由摇动引起的肌肉伸展的错觉。Thevibrationmuscleduringtheuprightpositionofthetypicalreactionsevokesmuscle(Eklund1972;Lackneretal.,1979).Thevibrationofthemuscletibialisanterior(TA)resultsinasubstantialforwardleanofthebody,thevibrationoftheAchillestendonsinduces,however,thedisplacementofthebodybackward,becausethesubjectmeans(contractingthesoleus)reactingtheillusiontofallforward,signaledbylengtheningofthetricepssural,tovibrationstimulus(TesioTesio1993).Thevibrationofthehamstringmuscles(HS)causesthebackwardtiltofthetrunkandsimultaneouslyaforwardextensionofthelegbytheankleandkneeflexion.Whilethestimulusvibrationappliedtothequadriceps(Q)doesnotdetermineanysignificanttheposturalresponse,becausethevibrationofthemusclesofthethighdoesnotsignificantlychangethepositionofthecenterofmassofthebody(Ivanenkoetal.,2000a).直立时振动肌肉会唤醒肌肉(Eklund1972;Lackner等人，1979)。胫骨前肌的振动引起身体向前倾斜，而跟腱的振动引起身体向后运动。因为这意味着（比目鱼肌收缩）会引起向前倾倒的错觉，以三头肌腓侧的伸长为信号，引起振动刺激（Tesio1993）。腘绳肌肌肉的振动（HS）引起身体向后倾斜，同时大腿通过脚踝和膝盖弯曲向前伸展。当刺激振动作用于四头肌（Q）时对身体姿势的反应没有任何影响，因为大腿肌肉振动不改变身体重心的位置。（Ivanenko等人，2000a）tibialisanteriortheAchillestendonshamstringmusclesVIBRATIONINPAINTERAPHY疼痛治疗中的振动

Antalgic……..,thepainofcephalicorigin(Ottosonetal.,1981;Lunderbergetal.,1983),inmusculoskeletalpain(Lunderberg,1984;Lunderbergetal.,1984;Lunderbergetal.,1987),undersomepainfuldisordersofneurogenicorigin(Lunderberg,1984;Lunderbergetal.1987)andinlowbackpain(Lunderbergetal.,1984;CasaleandTiengo,1985;Casaleetal.,1985).镇痛...，始于头部的疼痛（Ottoson等人，1981;Lunderberg等人，1983），肌肉与骨骼中的疼痛（Lunderberg,1984;Lunderberg等人，1984;Lunderberg等人，1987），神经紊乱引起的疼痛（Lunderberg,1984;Lunderberg等人，1987）以及腰痛（Lunderberg等人，1984;Casale&Tiengo,1985;Casale等人，1985）physiologicalparameterswhichvibrationscanactonisthebloodstream,canresultfromareductionoftheviscosityofbloodandanincreaseoftheaveragespeedofthecirculatoryflow(Kerschanetal.,2001).振动可作用的生理参数是血流，起因于血液粘质性的减少，以及环流的平均速率增加（Kerschan等人，2001）THEBLOODSTREAM血流

THEVASOCOSTRICTION血管收缩Thevibratorystimulusalsowouldbeabletoactivateasympathetichypertonus

whichdeterminesanvasocostrittoryeffect,probablyresultingfromtheactivitiesofcorpusclesPaciniasthesensoryreceptorsoftheafferentbranchofthereflex(Kerschanetal.,2001).振动刺激也可激活交感神经压力过高，可导致VASOCOSTRITTORY效应，可能由帕奇尼小体作为反射传入侵权的感应接收器的活动引起的。（Kerschan等人，2001）causesanincreaseinconcentrationofTESTOSTERONEandgrowthhormone(GH)simultaneouslytoadecreaseintheconcentrationofCORTISOL(Woodsetal.,2000).导致睾丸激素和生长激素（GH）的增加，同时降低皮质醇的浓度（Woods等人，2000）PHYSICALANDCHEMICALEFFECTSOFVIBRATION振动的物理化学作用

TheincreaseofTandGHisduetotheactionofmetaborecettorimuscle(Kjaer,1992),whilethedecreaseintheCORTISOLisprobablytobeattributedtoinsufficientstimulatoryeffectofcentralmotorcommandandFeedbacknervousskeletalmuscle(KniggeandHays,1963;Woodsetal.,2000).T和GH的增加是由于metaborecettori肌肉的活动引起的（Kjaer,1992），而皮质醇的减少可能归因于运动中枢指令和神经骨骼肌反馈的刺激作用不足（Knigge&Hays,1963;Woods等人，2000）。EFFECTSOFVIBRATIONONSKELETALMUSCLESYSTEM骨骼肌系统的振动效应

Ithasbeenshownthatthe"applicationofmechanicalvibrationsofhighintensityandshortdurationproducepositiveeffectsonthebonestructure,muscleandjointsothatboththemass,thatthestrengthofthetissues,aremaintainedatahighlevel,withaconsequentreductionlossofmuscleandbone。高强度短时间的机械振动的应用会对骨骼结构，肌肉和关节产生积极的作用，以致组织的强度都保持在高水平，随之肌肉和骨骼的损失减少。itwouldappearthatonlyosteoblastscellsareprovidedwithmechanoreceptorsandthat,preciselyforthisreason,theyareabletorespondpositivelyagainstanincreaseofthecompressiveforces.Adecreaseofthelatterisabletodecreasethe"osteoblasticactivity,leavingunchangedtheprocessofboneresorption.只有成骨细胞提供给机械感受器，正是因为这个原因，它们能够对压力增加能够做出积极响应。压力的降低可以减少造骨细胞的活性，使骨吸收过程不会发生改变USINGVIBRATIONSINTHEPREVENTIONOFOBESITYANDOSTEOPOROSIS振动在预防肥胖和骨质疏松症中的应用(ProfessorC.Rubin-2009),Themechanicalsignalsoflowintensity(LMMS,lowmagnitudemechanicalsignals)areabletosuppressthegrowthofsubcutaneousfatandvisceralwhilepromotingboneregeneration.Theseprocessestakeplacethankstothedirectstimulation,bythemechanicalsignals,ofpluripotentmesenchymalstemcells(MSCs),whichareimmaturecellswiththeabilitytoself-renewandtodifferentiateintospecializedcellscontinuouslytissue--specific.Infact,originatefromthesecells,differentiatingbetweenthemanyways,the"elosteoblastogenesi"adipogenesis,leadingtotheformationofosteoblastsandadipocytes,respectively.(ProfessorC.Rubin-2009),低强度的机械信号（LMMS）能够抑制皮下和内脏脂肪的增长并同时促进骨再生。由于通过机械信号多能性间质干细胞(MSCs)的直接刺激，会产生上述过程。这些细胞是具有自我更新能力的未成熟细胞，可以不断的分化成特定组织的特定细胞。事实上，正是源于这些细胞，成骨细胞和脂肪细胞的形成也就导致了骨生长和脂肪生长。GERIATRICS老年保健学NEUROLOGY神经学SPORTSMEDICINE运动医学ORTHOPEDICSANDTRAUMATOLOGY矫形和创伤学

BIOMECHANIC生物力学PEDIATRICS小儿科FIELDSOFUSEOFTHEVIBRATIONS会使用振动的领域THEEVMWiththeTunakeyyousetupakindofwaveinflux.Thistypeofwavekeepsthereceptorsystemtoitsfullcapacity,asitallowsthistoadapttoarepeatedstimulus.可以用“Tuna”键在不断的变化状态下设置各种波。这种波可以使受体保持在满负荷状态，从而使受体适应这种反复的刺激。Thisfeatureisveryusefulforrelaxing,analgesic,lymphatic,andvasomotoreffect.此功能对放松，止痛，无力和血管收缩非常有效。WiththemaxTkeyyoucanresetthemachine.Itgoesinsearchofbettervibrationexercisableonthestructure可以用“maxT”键重置机器。以此来搜索更好的适用于组织结构的振动。Thescreenshowsthefunctionkeys(F1-F2-F3,etc.)Clickingonthembringsupthefunctionshownabovethekey.Withthenumberkeyscanbesetfrom1to4levelsofpowerthatcorrespondstotheamplitudeofthesinusoid.WiththeF3key,youcansetthefrequencyinHz(usingthe+/-).YoupressEntertoactivatethesettingsyoujustentered.功能键（F1-F2-F3等）显示在操作面板上。点击功能键可启动在键上显示的功能。用数字键可以设置从1到4不同功率的等级，每一等级对应着不同的正弦振幅。用F3键可以设置不同Hz的频率（用+/-）。按Enter键启动您刚才输入的设置。TheEVMmachinepresentsonthebackface14connectors.Canconnectthecablesalltogetheroroneatatimeasneeded.Thisallowsyoutobreakfreefromthemachineanddosomethingelse.Whentheconnectoristurnedhorizontallyisclosed,whenitisturnedverticalpositionisopen.Thereisn’tsignificantlossofstrengthiftheconnectorsareappliedsimultaneously.Thecolorindicatesthelengthofcablesandnothingelse.在EVM机背面有14个连接器。根据需要，可以将电缆连接在一起也可以一次只连接一个。当连接器在水平位置时机器关闭，此时您可以从机器中出来做其它事情。当连接器在垂直位置时机器开启。连接器同时应用不会造成重大的力量损失。颜色仅表示电缆长度。Therearedifferenttransducersthattakedifferentformsinrelationtotheareatobetreated.Theshapeofacuphasbeenspeciallydesignedtocreatethemaximumamplificationofthevibrationwiththelowestenergyexpenditure.Inadditiontoitscharacteristicformallowsyoutonotwasteenergyandthereforedoesnotcausediseasetooperator不同的传感器对不同的治疗部位起作用。这种杯子的形状是专门设计用来以最小的能量产生最大的振幅。它不会造成能量浪费，也不会对操作者构成危害。Moreoverthissystemistheonlypossibilityofgeneratingavibrationofabodywithouttheinterpositionofsomerigidstructures.Thisisahugetendedtoregardthenon-invasiveoftheEVM.在没有刚性结构干预下，身体产生振动的唯一可能就是该系统。EVM非损伤性的特点将是一个巨大的趋势。TheEVMisalsoequippedwithahandpiecewhichallowstheoperatortointeractwiththepatientandinparticularwiththestructurethatonewantstowork.EVM同时还装配了手持件，从而可以使操作者可以与患者进行互动，尤其是可以与想使其工作的结构组织互动。Thisallowsamoreselectiveandatthesametimemoreelectivebecauseittakesaccountofthedirectionofvibrationappliedtothebody.Theoperatorcan,dynamically,managethehandpieceinrelationtothedirectionofthethisaccommodation,thedepth,andtheimpedance(theresistanceofthetissuesrelativetoitspressure).这样就有了更多的选择性，在同一时间也有了更多的选择，因为它考虑到了应用于身体时振动的方向。操作者可以根据适应的方向，深度，阻抗（组织相对于其压力而产生的阻力）来动态地使用手持件。Averyinterestingfieldofapplicationisthatvisceral.内脏是一个有趣的应用区域。Inmanyneurologicaldiseases(Parkinson,MultipleSclerosis,etc.,)thesphincterdysfunctionbecomesstrictlyimportant.Theoriginofmanypostureisavisceraldysfunction(cecum,sigmoidcolon,kardias,therootofthemesentery,etc.,).Workingatlowfrequenciesthankstothesensitivityoftheoperatorandthedirectionalityofthevibration,wecanworktospasmodiczones,contractzones,sowecanrestoreabettervisceralfunction.在许多神经系统疾病（帕金森综合症，多发性硬化症，等）中，括约肌功能障碍是其重要原因。内脏功能失调（盲肠，乙状结肠，kardias，肠系膜根等）是许多情况的起因。在低频率下工作时，由于操作的灵敏性和振动的方向，可以作用至痉挛区域，感染区域，因此我们的内脏功能可以恢复的更好。Wecanworkeverysinglemuscleormusclegrouptoworkselectivelywithrespecttothejointthatwetreated.Inadditionwecanworktogethermorejointsormusclesinrelationtotheirmembershipinthekinematicchains.Thisisonlypossibolthanksthe14chanels。对于我们要治疗的关节，我们可以选择性的作用于其每一块肌肉或肌肉群。另外还可以作用于其运动链上相关的关节或肌肉。14条线路可以完成这些工作。MUSCOLSAPPLICATION肌肉应用

LevetorScapulae提肩胛骨Origin：theLevatorscapulaemuscleariseswithfourtendonsfromtheposteriortubercleofthetransversesprocessesofthefirstfourcervicalvertebrae.起源：提肩胛骨随着最上面四个颈椎横突的后结节的四个肌腱一同升起。Insertion:thelevatorscapulaemusclerunsinferiorlyandlaterallytothescapulaandisinsertedontothesuperiorangleofthescapula.植入：提肩胛骨肌肉向下和向后移动到肩胛骨，使它嵌入肩胛骨较上的角度。TRAPEZIUS斜方肌

起源：斜方肌肌肉降低的部分起源于枕骨较上方第三块项线，也起源于枕骨的枕外隆突以及联结在刺突上和上方六块颈椎刺突间韧带上的项韧带。斜方肌肌肉的横肌部的发生是通过一个平坦的肌腱，由第七块颈椎的刺穿以及上面三块胸椎引起。斜方肌肌肉的上升部分是由其余颈椎的刺穿引起。植入：斜方肌肌肉下降的部分植入到锁骨肩峰端的后缘。斜方肌肌肉的横肌部分进一步置于锁骨同一端的侧面，并且与肩峰伸出的程度一样远。斜方肌肌肉的上升部分以一个长方形的肌腱终止，该肌腱植入到肩胛脊椎的下边缘。LATISSUMUSDORSI背阔肌

起源：背阔肌由宽腱膜，胸腰筋膜引起，由下面的六块胸椎的刺突引起，由腰椎的刺突引起，由荐骨的中间骶神经嵴引起，以及由髋骨的后面第三块髂嵴引起。植入：背阔肌肌肉横向向上运动，通过一个平的肌腱植入到肱骨小结节的顶部。RHOMBOID长斜方形

起源：菱形大肌起源于刺突以及最开始四个胸椎的棘上韧带。植入：菱形大肌呈现横向运动的