高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读理解训练：考古

高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——考古——改编自WhyarchaeologyChina’stop10archaeologyfindingsof2022,asrecentlyreleasedbytheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,highlightssomeofthemostsignificantarchaeologicalfindsinthecountry.Althoughsomemaywonderwhypeoplegetexcitedaboutthesediscoveries,archaeologicalfindingshaveaprofoundimpactonourdailylives,includinginfluencingtheartdirectionofperiodcostumedramasandotherentertainmentforms,furtheringourunderstandingofhumanbeings,anddevelopingourindependentthinking.Forinstance,oneofthediscoveriesoftheyearwastheZhouqiaoBridgesiteandBianhecanalruinsinKaifeng,Henanprovince,whichrevealedabridgethatwasbuiltduringtheTangDynastyandburiedinmudsince1642.Thesediscoveriesserveashistoricalevidencetoguidetheartdirectionofperiodcostumedramas,thusimprovingtheirauthenticityoverall.Moreover,archaeologicalfindingsdeepenourknowledgeofhumanhistory.ThediscoveryofYangshaoCulture,seenasthebeginningofChina'smodernarchaeology,datesbackto5,000-7,000yearsago.However,newdiscoveriesinrecentdecades,suchastheJingtoushansiteinYuyaoCity,Zhejiangprovince,providevividandsoliddetailsaboutpeoples'lifestylesincoastalareasapproximately8,300yearsago.Similarly,thegravecomplexatDasongshansite,Guizhouprovince,discoveredthisyearshedslightonhowvariousethnicgroupsinteractedwitheachotherover400yearsago.Finally,followingarchaeologicalfindingscultivatesindependentthinking.Aphilosophyofconstantinquiryandsearchforthetruthisattheheartofthediscipline.Thisapproachencouragesusnottolimitourselvestowhatisdirectlyinfrontofusbutrathertoremaincurious.Byadheringtothisphilosophy,wecankeepourmindsclear,defeatfalseinformation,anduncovermoreofthesecretsfrompasthumancivilizations.Inconclusion,archaeologicaldiscoveriesarenotonlyfascinatingbutalsohavealastingimpactonmanyaspectsofourdailylives,includingourcreativityandunderstandingofhumancivilization.【重点词汇】1.Archaeology/ˌɑːrkiˈɒlədʒi/n.考古学2.Discovery/dɪsˈkʌvəri/n.发现，发掘出来的东西3.Significant/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/adj.重要的，有意义的4.National/ˈnæʃənl/adj.国家的，全国性的5.Cultural/ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj.文化的，人文的6.Heritage/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/n.遗产，传统7.Administration/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/n.管理部门，行政机构8.Impact/ˈɪmpækt/n.影响，作用vt.撞击，冲击9.Daily/ˈdeɪli/adj.每天的，日常的adv.每天地10.Influencing/ɪnˈfluːənsɪŋ/v.影响，左右11.Artdirection/ɑːtdɪˈrekʃn/n.艺术指导12.Periodcostumedramas/ˈpɪriədˈkɒstjuːmˈdrɑːməz/n.古装戏剧13.Entertainmentforms/ˌentəˈteɪnməntfɔːmz/n.娱乐形式，娱乐方式14.Furthering/ˈfɜːðərɪŋ/v.推动，促进，深入15.Understanding/ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/n.理解，领悟，理解力16.Humanbeings/ˌhjuːmənˈbiːɪŋz/n.人类17.Independentthinking/ˌɪndɪˈpendəntˈθɪŋkɪŋ/n.独立思考；自主性思维18.TangDynasty/tæŋ/n.唐朝19.Mud/mʌd/n.泥浆，泥泞20.Authenticity/ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti/n.真实性，准确性21.Deepen/ˈdiːpən/v.加深，深入22.Knowledge/ˈnɒlɪdʒ/n.知识，学问23.YangshaoCulture/jæŋˈʃaʊ/n.仰韶文化24.Modernarchaeology/ˈmɒdənɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/现代考古学25.Datesbackto/deɪtsbæktuː/v.追溯至，始于26.Newdiscoveries/njuːdɪsˈkʌvəriz/n.新发现27.Vivid/ˈvɪvɪd/adj.生动的，鲜明的28.Solid/ˈsɒlɪd/adj.稳固的，实心的29.Details/ˈdiːteɪlz/n.细节，详情30.Lifestyles/ˈlaɪfstaɪlz/n.生活方式，生活习惯31.Coastalareas/ˈkəʊstlˈeəriəz/n.沿海地区32.Gravecomplex/ɡreɪvˈkɒmpleks/n.墓葬群33.Dasongshansite/dæˈsɒŋʃæn/岈山遗址34.Shedlighton/ʃedlaɪtɒn/v.揭示，阐明，使人明白35.Ethnicgroups/ˈeθnɪkɡruːps/n.少数民族，民族群体36.Interaction/ˌɪntərˈækʃn/n.互相作用，相互影响37.Philosophy/fɪˈlɒsəfi/n.哲学，理论38.Constantinquiry/ˈkɒnstəntɪnˈkwaɪəri/不断追问39.Searchforthetruth/sɜːtʃfɔːrðətruːθ/追寻真相/寻求真理40.Discipline/ˈdɪsəplɪn/n.学科；纪律，惩罚41.Approach/əˈprəʊtʃ/n.方法，途径；v.靠近，接近42.Adhering/ədˈhɪərɪŋ/v.粘附，坚持，持续跟随43.Limit/ˈlɪmɪt/v.限制，限定44.Curious/ˈkjʊərɪəs/adj.好奇的，有求知欲的45.Clear/klɪər/adj.清晰的，清楚的46.Defeat/dɪˈfiːt/v.战胜，击败47.Falseinformation/fɔːlsˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/假信息，误导性信息48.Uncover/ʌnˈkʌvə/v.揭开，揭示，发现49.Secrets/ˈsiːkrəts/n.秘密，机密50.Civilizations/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃnz/n.文明，文化【阅读理解练习题】1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewayinwhicharchaeologicalfindingsimpactourdailylives?A.Theyinfluenceperiodcostumedramas.B.Theyhelpusunderstandcurrentevents.C.Theyimproveourphysicalhealth.D.Theybringaboutpoliticalchange.答案：A。解析：文章第一段提到了考古发现如何影响甚至改进历史题材电视剧的真实性，所以选A。2.WhatdidarchaeologistsdiscoverinKaifeng,Henanprovincein2022?A.Anewdynastythatwaspreviouslyunknown.B.AbridgebuiltduringtheTangDynasty.C.Theburialsiteofanancientemperor.D.Acanallinkingtwoprovinces.答案：B。解析：文章第二段提到了在这年度考古中，考古学家在河南省开封市的周桥和汴河遗址发现了一座唐代的石桥，并描述了相关背景和意义，故选B。3.WhichdynastyisassociatedwiththebridgediscoveredinKaifeng?A.MingDynastyB.QingDynastyC.HanDynastyD.TangDynasty答案：D。解析：文中明确指出考古学家在开封市的周桥和汴河遗址发现了一座唐代的石桥，故选D。4.Howdoarchaeologicalfindingscontributetoourknowledgeofhumanhistory?A.Byprovidingonlygeneralinformation.B.Byprovidingdetailsaboutpeople'slifestylesindifferenttimeperiods.C.Bymakingassumptionsbasedonlimitedevidence.D.Byignoringthesignificanceofcertainartifacts.答案：B。解析：文章第三段提到了新的考古发现如何提供对人们在过去不同地区、时期生活方式的细节和描述，故选B。5.Whyisindependentthinkingimportantinthefieldofarchaeology?A.Itenablesarchaeologiststomakeassumptions.B.Itencouragescuriousanddiligentinquiry.C.Itpromotesacceptanceofinformationatfacevalue.D.Itdiscouragescollaborationamongcolleagues.答案：B。解析：文章最后一段指出考古学习以调查和探索真相的哲学为核心，鼓励我们不要仅停留在表面而始终充满好奇，即倡导独立思考的重要性，故选B。6.WhatwasthesignificanceoftheJingtoushansiteinYuyaoCity?A.Itwasthesiteofafamousbattle.B.ItprovidednewinsightsintotheYangshaoCulture.C.ItrevealedtheoriginsoftheTangDynasty.D.Itshowedhowdifferentethnicgroupsinteractedwitheachother.答案：B。解析：文章第三段提到了近几十年的新发现，如玉窖城镇井头山遗址等，提供关于沿海地区人们大约8300年前生活方式的鲜活细节和论述，所以选B。7.Howdoesdiscussingarchaeologicalfindsencourageindependentthinking?A.Byprovidinganswerstocomplexquestions.B.Bypromotingskepticismandcuriosity.C.Byemphasizingtheimportanceofcollaboration.D.Bydiscouraginginquiryandresearch.答案：B。解析：本题与第五题提问类似，文章最后一段讲述了考古学的探究哲学，其中倡导不仅要看到已知事实而可以坚持独立探索，因此选B。8.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.China'stop10archaeologicaldiscoveriesof2022.B.Theimpactofarchaeologyonpopularculture.C.Theimportanceofindependentthinkinginarchaeology.D.Howarchaeologyinformsourunderstandingofhumanhistory.答案：D。解析：文章讲述了考古发现对人类历史认识和文化影响的方面，围绕这个主题展开论述并举了一些例子加以说明，故选D。【全文逐句对照翻译】国家文物局近日公布了2022年中国十大考古发现，其中一些是中国最重要的考古发现。China’stop10archaeologyfindingsof2022,asrecentlyreleasedbytheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,highlightssomeofthemostsignificantarchaeologicalfindsinthecountry.虽然有些人可能会奇怪为什么人们会对这些发现感到兴奋，但考古发现对我们的日常生活有着深远的影响，包括影响古装剧和其他娱乐形式的艺术方向，促进我们对人类的了解，培养我们的独立思考。Althoughsomemaywonderwhypeoplegetexcitedaboutthesediscoveries,archaeologicalfindingshaveaprofoundimpactonourdailylives,includinginfluencingtheartdirectionofperiodcostumedramasandotherentertainmentforms,furtheringourunderstandingofhumanbeings,anddevelopingourindependentthinking.例如，今年的发现之一是河南省开封的周桥遗址和汴河运河遗址，揭示了一座建于唐代的桥梁，自1642年以来一直被埋在泥里。Forinstance,oneofthediscoveriesoftheyearwastheZhouqiaoBridgesiteandBianhecanalruinsinKaifeng,Henanprovince,whichrevealedabridgethatwasbuiltduringtheTangDynastyandburiedinmudsince1642.这些发现为指导古装剧的艺术方向提供了历史依据，从而提高了古装剧的整体真实性。Thesediscoveriesserveashistoricalevidencetoguidetheartdirectionofperiodcostumedramas,thusimprovingtheirauthenticityoverall.此外，考古发现加深了我们对人类历史的了解。Moreover,archaeologicalfindingsdeepenourknowledgeofhumanhistory.仰韶文化的发现被视为中国现代考古学的开端，可追溯到5000-7000年前。ThediscoveryofYangshaoCulture,seenasthebeginningofChina'smodernarchaeology,datesbackto5,000-7,000yearsago.然而，近几十年来的新发现，如浙江省余姚市的井头山遗址，为大约8300年前沿海地区人们的生活方式提供了生动而坚实的细节。However,newdiscoveriesinrecentdecades,suchastheJingtoushansiteinYuyaoCity,Zhejiangprovince,providevividandsoliddetailsaboutpeoples'lifestylesincoastalareasapproximately8,300yearsago.同样，今年在贵州省大嵩山遗址发现的坟墓群也揭示了400多年前不同民族之间是如何互动的。Similarly,thegravecomplexatDasongshansite,Guizhou