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第02讲语音知识+听力测试

国际音标

一、语音知识

1.英语共有48个音素,分为元音和辅音两大类。元音有20个,分为单元音和双元音。辅音有28个,按

声带振动情况分为浊辅音和清辅音。英语音素中半元音音素是/w/和/j/,鼻音是/m/、/n/、/n/。

2.26个字母中有5个元音字母,分别为:a,e,i,o,u,音标为[ei]、[i:]、[ai]、[eu]、[ju:]。一个半元

音字母是y。元音字母在重读开音节中发字母的名称音,在重读闭音节中发短音。

二、国际音标

元音音标

元音音标指发音时不受到发音器官的阻碍发出的声音,国际音标里,元音音标共20个:

元音(20个)

单元音

前元音/i://I//e//ae/

中元音/3://a//A/

后元音/u://u//o://0//a:/

双元音

开合双元音/ei//al//oI//au//au/

集中双元音/ia//ea//ua/

元音音标中单元音按发音时舌头位置的不同分为前元音、中元音和后元音,辅助音按发音时口型的变化分

为合口双元音和集中双元音,如上表所示。

元音(20个)

单元音长元音/i://u://a://o://3:/

短元音/i//u//A//D//a//e//ae/

双元音合口双元音/ai//ei//oI//au//au/

集中双元音/Ia//ea//ua/

元音音标中单元音按发音时音音长短的不同分为长元音、短元音,长元音音标符号包括":”号,如上表所示。

元音音标表

单元音:/i:/、/i/、/3:、//a/、/o:/、/D/、/U:/、/u/、/a:/>/A/、/as/、/e/

双元音:/ei/>/ai/>/。I/、/au/、/au/、/Ia/>Ie?、//ua/

注意,元音也可以分为:

1)长元音:/a://"//u://i://。:/

2)短元音:/A//D//9//I//u//e//ae/

10对清浊辅音:清辅音:[p][t][k][f][9][s][tr][ts][/][tf]

浊辅音:[b“d][g][v]口[z][dr][dz]口[d]

其他辅音:清辅音:[h]

浊辅音:[m][n][][1][r][w][j]

20个元音音标发音单词示例

1)/i:/sea,he,see,piece,ceiling

2)/l/sit,build,miss,myth

3)/e/bed,desk,head

4)/ae/bad,land,bank,stamp(a和e中间是连起来的)

5)/a:/car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt

6)/D/hot,want

7)/O:/door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught

8)/u:/good,who,blue,soup,

9)/u/look,put,women,could

10)/A/cup,come,blood,rough

11)/3:/girl,work,serve,nurse

12)/d/cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday

双元音8个如下:

13)/el/cake,they,play,eight,great

14)/ai/bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye

15)/ou/phone,cold,boat,soul,grow

16)/au/house,town

17)/□I/boy,oil

18)/iMdear,idea,deer,here,fierce

19)/es/pear,care,there,fair

20)/uo/tour,poor

辅音音标发音单词示例

1)/p/pay,put,cup,open,panda

2)/b/bread,club,lab,rabbit,garbage

3)/t/talk,taxi,tell,kitty,night

4)/d/duck,deep,dog,card,bed

5)/k/key,cold,card,desk,cup,cat

6)/g/eagle,egg,lag,dig,glass

7)/f7fish,finger,face,floor,frog

8)/v/very,dove,ever,leave,invite

9)/s/sit,say,sky,face,bus

10)/z/zebra,zoo,zero,seize

11)/f/ship,sheep,fish,clash,shirt

12)/j/visual,version,visionJeisure

14)/dj/jar,jamJuly,angel,cage

15)/0/south,path,mouth,math,path

16)/d/they,those,other,teethe

17)/ts/cats,boats,meets,gifts

18)/dz/beds,cards,rides,friends

19)/tr/trade,trill,metric,tree

20)/dr/drink,dress,dream,draw

21)/h/home,hello,hand,happy

22)Mrain,read,red,grass

23)/I/linejike,alive,meahpool

24)/m/mud,move,swim,smart,animal

25)/n/no,winner,ant,brain

26)/q/ink,bank,sing,spring,pink

27)/w/swan,with,what,white,work

28)/j/yak,youth,yell,billion,unit

三、读音方法

在学习字母在单词中的读音时有三种方法:

第一种:去尾法,有九个,b、d、c、p、t、v、z、j、k。比如:能根据读音把b分成两个音标/b//i/,去尾顾名

思义,就是把最后一个音去掉,第一个音,就是在单词中的发音;

第二种:掐头法,有六个,f、Im、n、s、Xo比如f能根据读音把f分成两个音标/e/、/f/,把第一个音去掉

就是在单词中发音;

第三种:对比法,就是把字母在单词中的发音和在汉语拼音中的发音对比,有五个:g、h、y、w、r,我们可

以发现,这五个音和拼音中的音很相似,所以可以这样记。

拼读规则

一、音节及音节的划分

1.音节的定义:

音节由音素组合而成。一个元音加上一个或几个辅音即可构成一个音节,一个元音也能构成一个音节。某

些辅音也能与其他辅音构成音节。

2.音节构成

A:一个元音和一个或多个辅音可以构成一个音节,如:be/bi:/;big/big/

B:一个元音可以构成音节,如about/'/a'baut/,I/al/

C:成音节即由辅音和成节音〃,Iml,Ini,/n/构成的音节,如:button/'bAtn/

3.音节的分类

A:开音节:指以发音的元音字母结尾的音节或元辅e结构。如:

go/gau/;photo/'fautau/;cake/keik/;like/laik/

B:闭音节:以辅音字母结尾(r,w,v除外),同时只有一个元音音素的音节,如:bag/baeg/;stop/stDp/

C:r音节:即ar/a/;er/a/;ir/a/;or/0/;ur/a/在非重读音节中一般发短音/◎/

4.音节的划分

口诀:一在后,二分手

一在后:如果两个元音中有一个辅音,则把这个辅音的发音划到后面.

二分手:如果两个元音中有两个辅音,则平分这两个辅音的发音,前后各一个。

一般来说,一个单词的发音元音的总数决定了这个单词所包含的音节数目,也就是说有几个元音音素就有

几个音节,如一个音节:I;a;six;girl;one;how

两个音节:fa/ther;re/move;peo/ple;ri/ver;rea/dy

三个音节:cen/tu/ry;vi/ta/min;cer/tain/ly

5.不同音节中元音字母的发音

(1)在闭音节中的元音字母一般发短元音,如:

a/ae/cat;

e/e/bed;

i/I/big;

o/D/dog;

u/A/bus

(2)在开音节中的元音字母一般发字母的名称音

绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾。如:she/Ji/;hi/hai/

相对开音节:元辅e结构。如:lake/lelk/;like/lalk/;coke/kouk/

二、不完全爆破音与浊化

1.不完全爆破音(incompleteplosion)

带有不完全爆破音的词或句子,听起来好像有些音被吞掉,但实际上并未完全被吞掉。当两个辅音相邻时

前面的辅音由于受后面辅音的影响,在发音时只需要作出这个音的口形,但不需要把音发出来。这种要发

而又不发出来的音就是我们所说的不完全爆破音,这种发音现象叫做失去爆破。

爆破音/p//b〃t//d//k//g/

(1).两个或两个以上的爆破音相连,只爆破最后一个爆破音,其他爆破音只需要作出口形即可。如:

act;two

(2).爆破音后跟破擦音时,爆破音失去爆破。如pi(c)ture;lha(t)judge

(3).爆破音后跟摩擦音时只需做出口形,不爆破。如:brea(k)fast

(4).爆破音后跟鼻音时,爆破音亦不爆破。如:goo(d)morning

2.浊化(soft)

浊化就是把清辅音发成与其相应的浊辅音。一般情况下,在音节开头如果有两个在一起的清辅音,那么第

二个清辅音就要浊化,即发成浊辅音。

常见的有:/sp/r/sb/如:sport;

/st/i/sd/如:stair;

/sk//sg/如:sky;scarf;school

3.连读(liaison)

在英语的实际运用中,人们常将属于同一意群的词连在一起,一口气说出来。意群中词与词之间不留空隙,

这种读法叫连读。如:

NotAatAall.PleasetakeAalookAatAit.IfindAabookinAit.(book与in分别在两个不同的意群中故中不连读。

三、重音、语调与节奏

1.重音(stress)。)单重音

英语的每个词,至少有一个音节读得特别重而清楚,而其他的音节则轻而含糊。读得重而清楚的音节,叫

做单词重音,又叫重读音节。读得轻而含糊的音节,叫做非重读音节或轻读音节。如:

'interesting;'dictionary;'relay;for'get;e'nough;dis'like

(2)句子重音

①实词如名词、实意动词、形容词、副词等,一般需重读,但在倒装句中实意动词要轻读。如:

Shealways'madeherclassinteresting

Underthetreestoodanoldman.

②代词以及虚词如冠词、连词、介词等往往不重读,但作表语的介词短语中的介词需重读。如:

Theballis'underthechair.Whichgradeareyou'in?

2.语调(intonation)

英语语调,即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。

(1)降调:主要用于陈述句、祈使句、特殊疑问句、感叹句句末,表示肯定、明确或意思表达完整。如:

Pleaseopenthedoor.Whatafineday!

(2)升调:主要用于疑问句或表示请求的句子末尾,表示不太肯定、亲切和意思未完。如:

Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?D

Doyouoftengotoschoolbybike?

(3)降升调

①先升后降:常用于选择疑问句中或列举时。

如:Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?

Whichdoyouprefer,匚Iteaorcoffee?□

Thereareeggplants,cucumbers,tomatoesandpotatoesinthemarket.

②先降后升:常用于补充说明或反意疑问句中。如:

Wehavetohurryup,匚I'mafraid.

Hehasn'tbookedtheroom,Chashe?

3.节奏(therhythm)

读长句时,需要注意在意群之间换气,稍作停顿,而一个意群内部不可停顿,以便意思保持完整。如:

OurEnglishteacher/toldus/aninterestingstory.

Heandhisbrother/havealreadyfinished/doingtheirhomework.

检测训练

一、短对话

1.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthemovie?

A.Itsfunnyplot.B.Itsmusic.C.Itsactors.

2.Howmuchisaconcertticketforachild?

A.$2.B.$4.C.$8.

3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingfirst?

A.Havingbreakfast.B.Buyingthemedicine.C.Travelingtothetown.

4.WhatwillSamdotonight?

A.Attendaparty.B.FlytoTokyo.C.Haveameeting.

5.Whereisthemanprobablygoingnow?

A.Agiftshop.B.Hisbrother'shouse.C.TheChildren'sCenter.

6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthenewfilmstar?

A.Heispopularwithyoungpeople.B.Heisnothandsome.C.Heisagood

actor.

7.Whatisthepictureabout?

A.Acity.B.Afarm.C.Apet.

8.Howwillthemangotopark?

A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.

9.Whatisthewomandoingnow?

A.Havingameeting.B.Havingameal.C.Working.

10.Howdoesthemanhelpthewoman?

A.Byfillingouttheformforher.

B.Bytellingherhispersonalinibrmation.

C.Byreadingtheinformationontheform.

11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Whattheman'shobbyis.

B.Whetherthemanlearneddrawing.

C.Whenthemanwenttohighschool.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Tellme,whatdoyouenjoydoinginyoursparetime?

M:Ienjoydrawing.

W:Ididn'tknowyoucoulddraw.

M:Ilearnedbackinhighschool.

12.Whenwillthemanarriveattheparty?

A.At7:30.B.At8:00.C.At8:30.

13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Classmates.

14.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?

A.Payfortheshoes.

B.Gototheshoeshop.

C.Borrowmoneyfromtheman.

15.Whoisthegirltalkingto?

A.Herdentist.B.Thepolice.C.Aguide.

16.Whatwillthemandonext?

A.Gotothemovies.B.Keeponstudying.C.Checkoutsomebooks.

17.WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonSundayafternoons?

A.Hegoesshopping.

B•Heworksinthegarden.

C.Hereadsthenewspaper.

18.Whenwillthematchbeginaccordingtotheman?

A.At2:30.B.At3:00.C.At4:00.

19.Whatdoesthemanliketodrink?

A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Water.

20.HowdidthespeakersgotoFrance?

A.Bytrain.B.Byair.C.Bycar.

21.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoborrownow?

A.Thedictionary.B.Theeraser.C.Thescissors.

22.WhydoesthewomancallJack?

A.Toaskhimtoclosethewindow.

B.Tomakeacomplaint.

C.Togethernotebookback.

23.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Mattmightseethestrongmouse.

B.Mattmightknowhowtogetmorecheese.

C.Mattmighthaveeatenthecheese.

24.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?

A.Satisfied.B.Nervous.C.Disappointed.

25.Whatwasthewoman'sworryinherdream?

A.Failingtofinishthehomework.

B.Beinglateforschool.

C.Herbeinglaughedat.

26.Whydoesthewomanwanttodesigntheschooluniforms?

A.Tomakemoney.

B.Towearwhattheylike.

C.Tosatisfytheschool'sneed.

27.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Thequestionisnotveryclear.

B.Thewomanislatefbrclassagain.

C.Thepapercan'tbeputofftohandin.

28.Whatdictionariescanbeusedbystudents?

A.English-Englishdictionaries.

B.English-Chinesedictionaries.

C.OxfordEnglishdictionaries.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Thestudentslikeschooluniforms.

B.Thestudentswanttoweartheirownclothes.

C.Theschoolruleswillbechangedsoon.

30.WhatdoweknowaboutPeter?

A.Heisn'ttalkative.B.Hestudiedveryhard.C.Hefailedtogetintocollege.

二、长对话

听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

31.Whydoesthemanthankthewoman?

A.SheofferedhimajobB.Shetoldhiminformationonajob.C.Shehelpedhimwiththeinterview.

32.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?

A.Goouttocelebrate.B・Takethejobseriously.C.Rebuildhisconfidence.

听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

33.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C.Customerandwaitress.

34.HowwillBillandMarygohome?

A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.

听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

35.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Salesmanandcustomer.

36.Whatdothespeakersplantodo?

A.SeeMartin.B.Haveacarfixed.C.Buyacar.

37.Whenwillthespeakersgotoacarshop?

A.ThisSaturday.B.ThisSunday.C.NextSunday.

听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

38.WhatisBilFsattitudetowardhisexamresult?

A.Greatlyexcited.B.Abitdissatisfied.C.Terriblydisappointed.

39.WhatdoesthewomansuggestBilldo?

A.Behardonhimself.B.Gooutfordinner.C.Goshoppingwithher.

40.Howsoonwillthespeakersleavehome?

A.Inabout15minutes.B.Inabout30minutes.C.Inabout45minutes.

三、短文

听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。

41.WhatisBigLots?

A.Aparkingplace.B.Abigstore.C.Awoman'shouse.

42.Whatdidthespeakerfindinthebasket?

A.Awallet.B.Amobilephone.C.Aletter.

43.Whatinformationdidthespeakergetaboutthewoman?

A.Herworkplace.B.Herphonenumber.C.Herhomeaddress.

44.Whatdidthewomanoffertothespeaker?

A.Apostcard.B.Ajob.C.Ameal.

第02讲语音知识+听力测试

国际音标

一、语音知识

1.英语共有48个音素,分为元音和辅音两大类。元音有20个,分为单元音和双元音。辅音有28个,按

声带振动情况分为浊辅音和清辅音。英语音素中半元音音素是/w/和/j/,鼻音是/m/、/n/、/n/。

2.26个字母中有5个元音字母,分别为:a,e,i,o,u,音标为[ei]、[i:]、[ai]、[eu]、[ju:]。一个半元

音字母是y。元音字母在重读开音节中发字母的名称音,在重读闭音节中发短音。

二、国际音标

元音音标

元音音标指发音时不受到发音器官的阻碍发出的声音,国际音标里,元音音标共20个:

元音(20个)

单元音

前元音/i://I//e//ae/

中元音/3://a//A/

后元音/u://u//o://0//a:/

双元音

开合双元音/ei//al//oI//au//au/

集中双元音/ia//ea//ua/

元音音标中单元音按发音时舌头位置的不同分为前元音、中元音和后元音,辅助音按发音时口型的变化分

为合口双元音和集中双元音,如上表所示。

元音(20个)

单元音长元音/i://u://a://o://3:/

短元音/i//u//A//D//a//e//ae/

双元音合口双元音/ai//ei//oI//au//au/

集中双元音/Ia//ea//ua/

元音音标中单元音按发音时音音长短的不同分为长元音、短元音,长元音音标符号包括":”号,如上表所示。

元音音标表

单元音:/i:/、/i/、/3:、//a/、/o:/、/D/、/U:/、/u/、/a:/>/A/、/as/、/e/

双元音:/ei/>/ai/>/。I/、/au/、/au/、/Ia/>Ie?、//ua/

注意,元音也可以分为:

1)长元音:/a://"//u://i://。:/

2)短元音:/A//D//a//I//u//e//ae/

10对清浊辅音:清辅音:[p][t][k]田[9][s][tr][ts][f][tf]

浊辅音:[b“d][g][v]口[z][dr][dz]口[d]

其他辅音:清辅音:[h]

浊辅音:[m][n][][1][r][w][j]

20个元音音标发音单词示例

1)/i:/sea,he,see,piece,ceiling

2)/l/sit,build,miss,myth

3)/e/bed,desk,head

4)/ae/bad,land,bank,stamp(a和e中间是连起来的)

5)/a:/car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt

6)/D/hot,want

7)/O:/door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught

8)/u:/good,who,blue,soup,

9)/u/look,put,women,could

10)/A/cup,come,blood,rough

11)/3:/girl,work,serve,nurse

12)/d/cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday

双元音8个如下:

13)/el/cake,they,play,eight,great

14)/ai/bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye

15)/ou/phone,cold,boat,soul,grow

16)/au/house,town

17)/□I/boy,oil

18)/iMdear,idea,deer,here,fierce

19)/es/pear,care,there,fair

20)/uo/tour,poor

辅音音标发音单词示例

1)/p/pay,put,cup,open,panda

2)/b/bread,club,lab,rabbit,garbage

3)/t/talk,taxi,tell,kitty,night

4)/d/duck,deep,dog,card,bed

5)/k/key,cold,card,desk,cup,cat

6)/g/eagle,egg,lag,dig,glass

7)/f7fish,finger,face,floor,frog

8)/v/very,dove,ever,leave,invite

9)/s/sit,say,sky,face,bus

10)/z/zebra,zoo,zero,seize

11)/f/ship,sheep,fish,clash,shirt

12)/j/visual,version,visionJeisure

14)/dj/jar,jamJuly,angel,cage

15)/0/south,path,mouth,math,path

16)/d/they,those,other,teethe

17)/ts/cats,boats,meets,gifts

18)/dz/beds,cards,rides,friends

19)/tr/trade,trill,metric,tree

20)/dr/drink,dress,dream,draw

21)/h/home,hello,hand,happy

22)/r/rain,read,red,grass

23)/I/linejike,alive,meahpool

24)/m/mud,move,swim,smart,animal

25)/n/no,winner,ant,brain

26)/q/ink,bank,sing,spring,pink

27)/w/swan,with,what,white,work

28)/j/yak,youth,yell,billion,unit

三、读音方法

在学习字母在单词中的读音时有三种方法:

第一种:去尾法,有九个,b、d、c、p、t、v、z、j、k。比如:能根据读音把b分成两个音标/b//i/,去尾顾名

思义,就是把最后一个音去掉,第一个音,就是在单词中的发音;

第二种:掐头法,有六个,f、Im、n、s、Xo比如f能根据读音把f分成两个音标/e/、/f/,把第一个音去掉

就是在单词中发音;

第三种:对比法,就是把字母在单词中的发音和在汉语拼音中的发音对比,有五个:g、h、y、w、r,我们可

以发现,这五个音和拼音中的音很相似,所以可以这样记。

拼读规则

一、音节及音节的划分

1.音节的定义:

音节由音素组合而成。一个元音加上一个或几个辅音即可构成一个音节,一个元音也能构成一个音节。某

些辅音也能与其他辅音构成音节。

2.音节构成

A:一个元音和一个或多个辅音可以构成一个音节,如:be/bi:/;big/big/

B:一个元音可以构成音节,如about/'/a'baut/,I/al/

C:成音节即由辅音和成节音〃,Iml,Ini,/n/构成的音节,如:button/'bAtn/

3.音节的分类

A:开音节:指以发音的元音字母结尾的音节或元辅e结构。如:

go/gau/;photo/'fautau/;cake/keik/;like/laik/

B:闭音节:以辅音字母结尾(r,w,v除外),同时只有一个元音音素的音节,如:bag/baeg/;stop/stDp/

C:r音节:即ar/a/;er/a/;ir/a/;or/0/;ur/a/在非重读音节中一般发短音/◎/

4.音节的划分

口诀:一在后,二分手

一在后:如果两个元音中有一个辅音,则把这个辅音的发音划到后面.

二分手:如果两个元音中有两个辅音,则平分这两个辅音的发音,前后各一个。

一般来说,一个单词的发音元音的总数决定了这个单词所包含的音节数目,也就是说有几个元音音素就有

几个音节,如一个音节:I;a;six;girl;one;how

两个音节:fa/ther;re/move;peo/ple;ri/ver;rea/dy

三个音节:cen/tu/ry;vi/ta/min;cer/tain/ly

5.不同音节中元音字母的发音

(1)在闭音节中的元音字母一般发短元音,如:

a/ae/cat;

e/e/bed;

i/I/big;

o/D/dog;

u/A/bus

(2)在开音节中的元音字母一般发字母的名称音

绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾。如:she/Ji/;hi/hai/

相对开音节:元辅e结构。如:lake/lelk/;like/lalk/;coke/kouk/

二、不完全爆破音与浊化

1.不完全爆破音(incompleteplosion)

带有不完全爆破音的词或句子,听起来好像有些音被吞掉,但实际上并未完全被吞掉。当两个辅音相邻时

前面的辅音由于受后面辅音的影响,在发音时只需要作出这个音的口形,但不需要把音发出来。这种要发

而又不发出来的音就是我们所说的不完全爆破音,这种发音现象叫做失去爆破。

爆破音/p//b〃t//d//k//g/

(1).两个或两个以上的爆破音相连,只爆破最后一个爆破音,其他爆破音只需要作出口形即可。如:

act;two

(2).爆破音后跟破擦音时,爆破音失去爆破。如pi(c)ture;lha(t)judge

(3).爆破音后跟摩擦音时只需做出口形,不爆破。如:brea(k)fast

(4).爆破音后跟鼻音时,爆破音亦不爆破。如:goo(d)morning

2.浊化(soft)

浊化就是把清辅音发成与其相应的浊辅音。一般情况下,在音节开头如果有两个在一起的清辅音,那么第

二个清辅音就要浊化,即发成浊辅音。

常见的有:/sp/—>/sb/如:sport;

/st/i/sd/如:stair;

/sk//sg/如:sky;scarf;school

3.连读(liaison)

在英语的实际运用中,人们常将属于同一意群的词连在一起,一口气说出来。意群中词与词之间不留空隙,

这种读法叫连读。如:

NotAatAall.PleasetakeAalookAatAit.IfindAabookinAit.(book与in分别在两个不同的意群中故中不连读。

三、重音、语调与节奏

1.重音(stress)。)单重音

英语的每个词,至少有一个音节读得特别重而清楚,而其他的音节则轻而含糊。读得重而清楚的音节,叫

做单词重音,又叫重读音节。读得轻而含糊的音节,叫做非重读音节或轻读音节。如:

'interesting;'dictionary;'relay;for'get;e'nough;dis'like

(2)句子重音

①实词如名词、实意动词、形容词、副词等,一般需重读,但在倒装句中实意动词要轻读。如:

Shealways'madeherclassinteresting

Underthetreestoodanoldman.

②代词以及虚词如冠词、连词、介词等往往不重读,但作表语的介词短语中的介词需重读。如:

Theballis'underthechair.Whichgradeareyou'in?

2.语调(intonation)

英语语调,即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。

(1)降调:主要用于陈述句、祈使句、特殊疑问句、感叹句句末,表示肯定、明确或意思表达完整。如:

Pleaseopenthedoor.、Whatalineday!\

(2)升调:主要用于疑问句或表示请求的句子末尾,表示不太肯定、亲切和意思未完。如:

Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?/

Doyouoftengotoschoolbybike?/

(3)降升调

①先升后降:常用于选择疑问句中或列举时。

如:Isyourfriend/aboyoragirl?、

Whichdoyouprefer,/teaorcoffee?\

Thereareeggplants,/cucumbers,/tomatoesandpotatoesinthemarket.

②先降后升:常用于补充说明或反意疑问句中。如:

Wehavetohurryup,、I'mafraid./

Hehasn'tbookedtheroom,\hashe?/

3.节奏(therhythm)

读长句时,需要注意在意群之间换气,稍作停顿,而一个意群内部不可停顿,以便意思保持完整。如:

OurEnglishteacher/toldus/aninterestingstory.

Heandhisbrother/havealreadyfinished/doingtheirhomework.

检测训练

一、短对话

1.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthemovie?

A.Itsfunnyplot.B.Itsmusic.C.Itsactors.

【答案】c

【原文】

W:Thatisagreatmovie,isn'tit?Ithassomereallyfunnyparts,andIthinktheactorsarereallygood.

M:Iagreeabouttheacting,butIdon'tthinkitisfunny.Idon'tcaremuchforthemusic.

2.Howmuchisaconcertticketforachild?

A.$2.B.$4.C.$8.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Concertticketsare8dollarsforadults,halfpriceforchildren.

W:OK.Edlikeoneadultticketandtwochildrentickets,please.

3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingfirst?

A.Havingbreakfast.B.Buyingthemedicine.C.Travelingtothetown.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Wereallymustgotothetowntobuythatmedicinerightnow.

W:Ithinkthat'sOKafterwehavebreakfast.

4.WhatwillSamdotonight?

A.Attendaparty.B.FlytoTokyo.C.Haveameeting.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Sam、couldyoucometotheparty?

M:Tdloveto,butI'llflytoTokyoonbusinesstonight.THattendsomemeetingsthereinthenextfewdays.

5.Whereisthemanprobablygoingnow?

A.Agiftshop.B.Hisbrother'shouse.C.TheChildren'sCenter.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Whyareyouinsuchahurry?

M:TomorrowisChildren'sDay,butIhavengotagiftformybrother.

6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthenewfilmstar?

A.Heispopularwithyoungpeople.B.Heisnothandsome.C.Heisagood

actor.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Look!Thathandsomeboyisanewfilmstar,isn'the?

M:Yes,he'sverypopularwithyoungpeople.ButIdon'tthinkheactswell.

7.Whatisthepictureabout?

A.Acity.B.Afarm.C.Apet.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Whatanicepicture!Abeautifulfarmwithcowseverywhere!

M:Thankyou.ItookthepicturewhenIstayedinthecountryside.

8.Howwillthemangotopark?

A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Wouldyouliketogototheparkbycar?

M:No.Yousee,it'sSundaytodayanditisn'tverycrowdedonthebus.

9.Whatisthewomandoingnow?

A.Havingameeting.B.Havingameal.C.Working.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:Hi,Mary.ThisisTed.Areyoubusy?

W:We'rehavingdinnernow.CanIcallyoubackinhalfanhour?

10.Howdoesthemanhelpthewoman?

A.Byfillingouttheformforher.

B.Bytellingherhispersonalinformation.

C.Byreadingtheinfonnationontheform.

【答案】C

【原文】

W:Excuseme!Canyoureadoutthisfbmiforme?I'veforgottenmyglasses.

M:Ofcourse,ma'am.First,youshouldwritedownyournameandaddress,andthenyourtelephonenumber.

11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Whattheman'shobbyis.

B.Whetherthemanlearneddrawing.

C.Whenthemanwenttohighschool.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Tellme,whatdoyouenjoydoinginyoursparetime?

M:Ienjoydrawing.

W:Ididn'tknowyoucoulddraw.

M:Ilearnedbackinhighschool.

12.Whenwillthemanarriveattheparty?

A.At7:30.B.At8:00.C.At8:30.

【答案】C

【原文】

W:Whattimedoesthepartystart?

M:Itstartsat8o'clock.IthinkI'llarrivehalfanhourlatebecauseIhavetoworklatetoday.

13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Classmates.

【答案】C

【原文】

W:Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwassick.

M:Pmsorrytohearthat.DoyouwantthenotesandhomeworkfromEnglishclass?

W:Thatwouldbenice,thankyou.

M:Noproblem.Ihopetoseeyouatschooltomorrow.

14.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?

A.Payfortheshoes.

B.Gototheshoeshop.

C.Borrowmoneyfromtheman.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Yourshoeslookreallynice.Howmuchdidyougetthemfor?

M:Theyonlycostmeaboutfortydollars.

W:I'mgoingtogetapairformyhusband.LetmeseeifFvegotenoughmoney.

15.Whoisthegirltalkingto?

A.Herdentist.B.Thepolice.C.Aguide.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Nowopenyourmouthwider.

W:Ah...

M:Oh,goodgirl.Well,Icanseewhafshappening.Thereisaholeinyourtooth.

16.Whatwillthemandonext?

A.Gotothemovies.B.Keeponstudying.C.Checkoutsomebooks.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Cometothemovieswithus,Matt.You'vebeeninthelibraryallday.Youneedtorelax.

M:Youareright,Jenny.Tvebeenstudyingforsolong.Ineedtotakeabreak.

17.WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonSundayafternoons?

A.Hegoesshopping.

B.Heworksinthegarden.

C.Hereadsthenewspaper.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:WhatdoyouusuallydoonSundays?

M:Igoshoppinginthemorning,workinthegardenintheafternoon,andreadthenewspaperafterdinner.

18.Whenwillthematchbeginaccordingtotheman?

A.At2:30.B.At3:00.C.At4:00.

【答案】c

【原文】

W:Wedoneedtohurryup.It'salready2:30.Thematchissupposedtobeginin30minutes.

M:Youmusthavebeentoldthewrongtime.Iamsurethematchbeginsat4:00.

19.Whatdoesthemanliketodrink?

A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Water.

【答案】c

【原文】

W:Ipreferteatocoffee,butwheneverwevisitHarry,healwaysservesuscoffee.

M:Idon'tlikecoffee,either.AllIreallywantisaglassofcoldwater.

20.HowdidthespeakersgotoFrance?

A.Bytrain.B.Byair.C.Bycar.

【答案】B

【原文】

M:HereweareinFranceatlast.Whatajourney!Airtravelismoretiringthandriving.

W:Youwouldn'thavesaidthatifyouhaddrivenalongway.Let'stakethetrainnexttime.

21.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoborrownow?

A.Thedictionary.B.Theerase匚C.Thescissors.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Canyougivememyeraserback,please?I'dliketouseit.

M:Sure,hereyouare.

W:OK.Andwouldyoumindlendingmeyourdictionary?Oh,andthanksforyourscissors.

22.WhydoesthewomancallJack?

A.Toaskhimtoclosethewindow.

B•Tomakeacomplaint.

C.Togethernotebookback.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Gee,it'sfreezinghere!Jack,wouldyoumindclosingthewindow?

M:Holdon.Justletmefinishthisnotefirst.

23.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Mattmightseethestrongmouse.

B.Mattmightknowhowtogetmorecheese.

C.Mattmighthaveeatenthecheese.

【答案】c

【原文】

W:That'sfunny.Tmsurethere9ssomecheeseleft.Theremustbeastrongmousearoundourhousethatcanopen

thefridge!Matt,whatdoyousay?

M:Er...maybethereisone.

24.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?

A.Satisfied.B.Nervous.C.Disappointed.

【答案】C

【原文】

M:Yousaidyoucouldplaythedrumwell.Isthatall?Ihavehighhopesforyou.

W:Hmm...Iwastoonervousjustnow.THdobetternexttime.

25.Whatwasthewoman'sworryinherdream?

A.Failingtofinishthehomework.

B.Beinglateforschool.

C.Herbeinglaughedat.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Inmydream,Iwascoveredwithbooks,beingworriedaboutthedeadlineofhandinginmyhomework.

M:Thatmeansyouhavetoomuchhomeworktodo.

26.Whydoesthewomanwanttodesigntheschooluniforms?

A.Tomakemoney.

B.Towearwhattheylike.

C.Tosatisfytheschoofsneed.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Weshouldbeallowedtodesignourschooluniforms.

M:Whydoyouthinkso?

W:Weshoulddecidewhatweliketowear.

27.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Thequestionisnotveryclear.

B.Thewomanislateforclassagain.

C.Thepapercan'tbeputofftohandin.

【答案】C

【原文】

W:Professor,couldIhandinmypapertwodayslater?Iwanttoaddsomefreshmaterialtoit.

M:Pmafraidthat'soutofthequestion.

28.Whatdictionariescanbeusedbystudents?

A.English-Englishdictionaries.

B.English-Chinesedictionaries.

C.OxfordEnglishdictionaries.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Studentsshouldbeallowedtousedictionarieswhenwritingacomposition.

M:Yes,buttheyshouldonlyuseEnglish-Englishdictionaries.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Thestudentslikeschooluniforms.

B.Thestudentswanttoweartheirownclothes.

C.Theschoolruleswillbechangedsoon.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:Whatschoolrulesdoyouthinkshouldbechanged?

M:Well,Ithinkweshouldbeallowedtowearourownclothes.

W:Wh

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