【词句重难点课件】高中英语 人教版（2019）选择性必修二 Unit 5 Period Ⅰ Reading and Thinking

Unit

5First

AidThe

most

important

thing

to

keep

in

mind

when

dealing

with

an

emergency

is

to

keep

calm.Period

ⅠReading

and

Thinking敲黑板1.课时导入：Reading

and

Thinking部分主要介绍了皮肤烧伤、烫伤或灼伤的起因、类型、特点以及急救措施。通过学习本课时，了解有关烧伤、烫伤或灼伤的急救知识；了解日常生活中的安全常识；了解说明文的文体结构和语言特点。2.语言知识：urgent,

ease,

depend

on/upon,

as引导非限制性定语从句，过去分词（短语）作后置定语，if相关的省略结构等。

First

aid

is

the

assistance

given

to

any

person

suffering

a

sudden

illness

or

injury,

with

care

provided

to

preserve

life,

prevent

the

condition

from

worsening,

or

promote

recovery.

The

internationally

accepted

symbol

for

first

aid

is

a

white

cross

on

a

green

background

shown

below.

Some

organisations

may

make

use

of

the

Star

of

Life,

although

this

is

usually

reserved

for

use

by

ambulance

services;

or

they

may

use

symbols

such

as

the

Maltese

Cross,

like

the

St

John

Ambulance.

Other

symbols

may

also

be

used.必刷词汇1.leaflet

n.__________________________散页印刷品；传单；小册子2.toxin

n.________________________________毒素（尤指细菌产生的致病物质）3.fabric

n.____________________________________拓展

cotton

fabric

________织物；布料；（社会、机构等的）结构棉织物4.layer

n.________________层；表层；层次5.blister

n.________________________________________________________________（皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；（金属等表面的）气泡、水泡6.acid

n.____

adj.______________酸酸的；酸性的7.__________

n.毫米；千分之一米millimetre8._______

n.受害者；患者victim9.___________

prep.&

adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面underneath10.ray

n.______________________________

联想

X-ray

n.___________光线；光束；（热、电等）射线X射线;X光11.__________

n.技能；技术；技艺

联想

_________

adj.工艺的；技术的

同

_____

n.技能；技巧；技术techniquetechnicalskill12.______

n.（人或动植物的）器官

派

________

adj.器官的；有机的

拓展

①____

______

_______

感觉器官②____

______

______

器官捐赠者organorganicthesenseorgansanorgandonor13._________

n.辐射；放射线

联想

_______

vi.&

vt.（使品质或情感）

显出，流露;

（使热、光、能量）

辐射，放射radiationradiate14._______

adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的

派

_________

n.少数;少数民族

反

major

adj.______________________minorminority大的；主要的；严重的15.________

adj.电的；用电的；电动的

联想

①__________

n.电

②_________

adj.与电有关的

③__________

adj.电子的

拓展

________

______

触电；电击electricelectricityelectricalelectronicelectricshock16.________

adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的

联想①______

vi.（过去式________,

过去分词________）膨胀；肿胀②n.swelling

______________swollenswellswelledswollen肿胀；肿胀处17.______

n.神经

派

________

adj.焦虑的;神经质的；神经系统的nervenervous18.______

adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的派

①________

adv.宽松地;松散地;不精确地

②_______

vt.&

vi.（使）放松,变松

vt.松开looselooselyloosen19._______

adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的

派

①________

adv.紧急地

②________

n.紧迫,急迫urgenturgentlyurgency20._____

vi.&

vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解

vt.使容易些；使顺利些

n.容易；舒适；自在

派_______

n.忧虑,不安；不自在

搭配

①_____

_____

轻易地

②___

_____

舒适；自在easeuneasewitheaseatease核心词汇Burns

are

divided

into

three

types,

depending

on

the

depth

of

skin

damage.根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三种类型。教材P501

depend

on/upon

取决于；依靠；信赖；相信（=rely

on/upon）Your

success

depends

on

your

efforts.你的成功取决于你的努力。If

our

parents

do

everything

for

us

children,

we

won't

learn

to

depend

on

ourselves.如果父母替我们这些孩子做所有的事情，我们就学不会独立。You

can

depend

on

it

that

he'll

turn

up

on

time.你可以相信他会准时来的。（it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语）&1&

①depend

on/upon

sb/sth

to

do

sth依靠/相信某人/某物做某事He

knew

he

could

depend

upon

her

to

deal

with

the

situation.他知道自己可以依靠她来应付这种局面。②That

depends./It

（all）

depends.那得看情况。&2&

①dependence

n.［U］依赖，依靠②dependent

adj.依靠的；依赖的③dependently

adv.依赖地④independence

n.独立⑤independent

adj.独立的定向练1一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Starting

your

own

business

could

be

a

way

to

achieve

financial

_____________

（independent）.independence[解析]

句意为：自己创业是实现经济独立的一种方式。2.Many

European

universities,

meanwhile,

are

still

mostly

__________

（dependence）

on

government

funding.dependent[解析]

句意为：与此同时，许多欧洲的大学仍然主要依赖政府资助。二、根据汉语意思完成句子。1.我正指望你告诉我他想要什么。I

_______________________________

me

what

he

wants.am

depending

on/upon

you

to

tell2.你可以相信，我们会做好一切必要准备的。You

may

_________________

we'll

make

all

necessary

preparations

for

it.depend

on

it

that3.我不一定去，这要看我累不累。I

might

not

go.__________________how

tired

I

am.It

depends

on/uponIf

the

victim

is

suffering

from

second

or

third-degree

burns,

there

is

an

urgent

need

to

take

him/her

to

the

hospital

at

once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立即将其送往医院。教材P512

urgent

adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的The

most

urgent

thing

in

a

fire

is

to

make

sure

everyone

is

out

of

the

building.失火时最紧要的事是确保所有人都撤离建筑物。&3&

urgent

action

紧急行动in

urgent

need

of…

急需……It

is

urgent

that

sb

（should）

do…

（从句谓语用虚拟语气）某人做……是非常紧急的The

earthquake

victims

are

in

urgent

need

of

medical

supplies.地震灾民迫切需要医疗物资。It

is

urgent

that

immediate

measures

（should）

be

taken

to

reduce

pollution.当务之急是，立即采取措施减少污染。&4&

①urgently

adv.迫切地；紧急地②urgency

n.紧急，急迫a

matter

of

urgency

当务之急③urge

vt.敦促；极力主张；强烈要求；驱赶；鞭策

n.强烈的欲望；冲动；迫切的要求urge

sb

to

do

sth

敦促/力劝某人做某事urge+that从句（从句谓语用should

do形式,should可以省略）

极力主张……；强烈要求……an

urge

to

do

sth

做某事的冲动I

got

a

note

from

Moira

urging

me

to

get

in

touch.我收到莫伊拉的一封短信，一定要我保持联系。［《朗文当代》］The

report

urged

that

all

children

（should）

be

taught

to

swim.这份报告呼吁教所有儿童游泳。The

next

time

you

feel

the

urge

to

spread

the

latest

gossip,

think

about

what

effects

your

“juicy

story”

might

have.下一次你有传播最新的流言蜚语的冲动时，想想你那“有趣的故事”可能会产生什么影响。定向练2在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.He

had

an

urge

________

（open）

a

shop

of

his

own.to

open[解析]

句意为：他很想开一家属于自己的商店。2.The

committee

urged

that

a

meeting

________

（hold）

by

the

weekend

to

discuss

the

problem.be

held[解析]

句意为：委员会极力主张在周末前举行一次会议来讨论这个问题。3.They

urged

Congress

___________

（approve）

plans

for

their

reform

programme.to

approve[解析]

句意为：他们敦促国会批准他们有关改革项目的计划。4.With

the

speedy

development

of

e-commerce

techniques,

people

________

（urgent）

require

the

e-commerce

to

become

more

convenient

and

more

intelligent.urgently[解析]

句意为：随着电子商务技术的飞速发展，人们迫切要求电子商务更加便捷、更加智能化。5.This

is

a

problem

that

requires

_______

（urge）

attention.

We

must

find

a

way

out

as

soon

as

possible.urgent[解析]

句意为：这是一个需要迫切关注的问题。我们必须尽快找到出路。6.Investigators

urged

_____

safety

procedures

on

the

construction

site

should

be

improved.that[解析]

句意为：调查人员强烈要求该建筑工地改进安全规程。7.After

the

flood,

many

people

are

___

urgent

need

of

food

and

water.in[解析]

句意为：洪灾过后，很多人急需食物和水。8.She

was

surprised

at

the

________

（urgent）

in

his

voice.urgency[解析]

句意为：她对他声音中的急切感到吃惊。9.It

is

urgent

that

the

patient

_________

（take）

to

hospital.be

taken[解析]

句意为：那位病人应该马上被送到医院。（F）

Putting

butter

or

oil

on

burns

helps

because

it

may

reduce

swelling

and

ease

discomfort.（错误）在烧伤处涂黄油或（食用）油会有帮助，因为这有助于消肿和缓解不适。教材P513

ease

vi.&vt.缓解；减轻；（使）宽慰

vt.使容易些；使顺利些

n.容易；舒适；自在释义·理解ease

n.①lack

of

difficuly②the

state

of

feeling

relaxed

or

comfortableThis

medicine

will

help

ease

the

pain.这种药物能帮助缓解疼痛。In

his

retirement,

he

leads

a

life

of

ease.他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。&5&

ease

the

pain/stress/pressure/burden减轻疼痛/压力/负担at

ease

舒适；放松；自由自在put/set

sb

at

ease使某人放松下来/感到自在with

ease轻易地；毫不费力地The

room

is

small

but

it

makes

you

feel

at

ease.这个房间很小，但是它让你感到舒适自在。His

warm,

inviting

smile

put

me

at

ease,

and

we

spent

the

next

two

hours

talking

casually.他热情迷人的笑容令我放松下来，

在接下来的两个小时里，我们随意地聊着天。He

passed

the

exam

with

ease.他轻而易举地通过了考试。&6&

①unease

n.不安，忧虑；不自在②easy

adj.容易的;轻易的;不费力的;舒适的;安逸的③uneasy

adj.不安的；不自在的④easily

adv.容易地;轻易地;不费力地;很可能定向练3在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.I

never

feel

___

ease

in

this

company.at2.She

won

the

400-metre

race

_____

ease.with3.The

plan

will_____

（easy）

traffic

congestion

in

the

town.ease4.She

had

the

ability

to

put

people

___

ease.at5.It

could

______

（easy）

be

another

year

before

the

economy

starts

to

show

some

improvement.easily6.She

felt

_______

（easy）

in

unfamiliar

surroundings.uneasy1【句意】可想而知，烧伤会导致非常严重的皮肤损伤。教材P50&7&

as引导非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常代替整个主句，对其进行说明，通常译为“正如……，就像……”，在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。as从句常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。通常用逗号与主句隔开。As

is

known

to

Americans,

Mark

Twain

is

a

great

American

writer.美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。（As在从句中作主语）He

is

absorbed

in

work,

as

he

often

is.他正在全神贯注地工作，像往常一样。（as在从句中作表语）As

we

all

know,

the

earth

is

round.众所周知，地球是圆的。（As在从句中作宾语）as引导非限制性定语从句的常用表达：as

is

known

（to

all）/as

we

（all）

know

众所周知as

is

said/reported/expected正如所说的/正如所报道的/正如所期待的as

is

mentioned

above正如上面提到的as

I

can

see/remember正如我所看到的/正如我所记得的as

is

often

the

case

像往常情况一样as

often

happens正如经常发生的那样定向练1翻译句子，并在括号中写出as在从句中所作的成分。1.He

forgot

to

bring

his

pen

with

him,

as

was

often

the

case.__________________________(

)他忘了带钢笔，这是常事。主语2.The

Beatles,

as

many

of

you

remember,

came

from

Liverpool.__________________________________________________(

)正如你们许多人记得的那样，披头士乐队来自利物浦。宾语3.This

experiment

is

very

simple,

as

indeed

it

is.______________________________________(

)这个实验非常简单，事实上也确实如此。表语2【句意】例如轻微的晒伤和其他居家小意外造成的灼伤。教材P38&8&

过去分词（短语）作后置定语过去分词（短语）作后置定语，与其所修饰的名词/代词之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，相当于一个定语从句。Most

of

the

people

invited

to

the

conference

are

my

old

friends.=Most

of

the

people

who/that

are

invited

to

the

conference

are

my

old

friends.大多数被邀请参加会议的人都是我的老朋友。特别注意过去分词（短语）作定语时，除了要注意其与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的被动关系外，还应注意动作发生的时间：若动作已经发生，则用过去分词表被动及完成；若动作正在进行，则用being

done;若动作即将发生，则用to

be

done。The

conference

held

（=that/which

was

held）

yesterday

is

of

great

importance.昨天举行的会议很重要。The

conference

being

held

（=that/which

is

being

held）

now

is

of

great

importance.现在正在举行的会议很重要。The

conference

.

.to

be

held

（=that/which

will

be

held）

tomorrow

is

of

great

importance.明天将要举行的会议很重要。定向练2在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.The

witnesses

__________

（question）by

the

police

just

now

gave

different

descriptions

of

the

fight.questioned[解析]

句意为：刚刚被警方询问的目击者们对于这起斗殴事件给出了不同的描述。2.The

meeting,

_________

（attend）

by

over

5000

people,

was

a

great

success.attended[解析]

句意为：那场有5,000多人参加的会议取得了巨大成功。3.The

concert

______

（give）by

his

friends

was

a

success.given[解析]

句意为：他的朋友们举办的音乐会很成功。4.The

large

building

___________

（build）

there

at

present

will

be

a

shopping

centre.being

built[解析]

句意为：那边那个目前正在建造的大厦将是一座购物中心。5.The

building

___________

（build）

next

year

is

a

hospital.to

be

built[解析]

句意为：明年要建的那座大楼是一家医院。6.The

stone

bridge

_____

（build）

about

200

years

ago

will

be

pulled

down.built[解析]

句意为：那座约200年前建造的石桥即将被拆毁。3【句意】必要时用剪刀剪掉织物，除非你看到织物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。教材P51&9&

if相关的省略结构if引导条件状语从句时，有时可省略从句中的主语和谓语动词。这类省略结构有的已经形成固定结构，常见的有：①if+形容词：if

necessary如果有必要的话；if

possible如果有可能的话