光片对应解剖位置及判读脊柱疾病的征象

RadiographicsignsofdiseasesofthespineEdoardoAuriemma,DVM,执业兽医师，欧洲兽医诊断影像 认证兽Radiographicsignsofdiseasesofthe Developmental发育Degenerative退行 Metabolic代谢Congenitalspinal性脊柱疾CongenitalspinalAbnormalvertebralnumber椎骨数目异Abnormalvertebralshape椎骨异Vertebralmalalignment椎骨排列紊Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralTransitionalvertebrae(sharecharacteristicsadjacentvertebralsegments) Blockvertebrae(fusionadjacent AgenesisoneormoreCongenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralTransitionalvertebra过渡脊Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralBlockvertebrae脊椎分节不Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralDuetopartialfailureinformationofa由于一个椎骨形成过程中的局部失常导 alfindingsbutcanresultinseverevertebralmalalignment通常是偶然的发现，但是会引起严重的椎排列紊Associatedwithscoliosis,lordosis,伴发脊柱侧凸、脊柱前凸、脊柱后Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralPartialfailureformationvertebralbody:WedgeshapeButterflyshape蝶Partialfailureformationvertebralarch:SpinaAbsenceofvertebralarch椎弓缺Doublespinousprocesses双棘突Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralWedgeshape楔 Butterflyshape蝶Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralSpinabifida脊柱Developmentalspinal发育性脊柱疾Radiographicsignsofdiseasesofthespine脊柱疾病的X光征Developmentalspinal发育Atlanto-axialsubluxation/instability(smallbreedCervicalspondylomyelopathy(largetogiant-breeddogs)颈部脊柱骨髓炎（大型到巨型品种犬Myelography,CTorMRIarerequiredtoevaluatedegreeofspinalcordcompressionDevelopmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾Atlanto-axial寰枢椎不Agenesis, sia,non-uniondens第二颈椎齿突发育不全、增生不全、不连Absenceoftransverseligament横韧带缺Developmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾Atlanto-axial寰枢椎不稳Obliqueradiographsareoftenusefulinthe拍摄斜位片对做出诊断是很有帮助RadiographicsignsX线征IncreaseddistancebetweenlaminaC1andspinousprocessC2寰椎椎板和枢椎棘突之间的距离增Absent,smallorfractureddens枢椎缺失、变小或骨Developmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾Atlanto-axialDevelopmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾Cervical颈部脊柱骨髓Cervicalinstability颈部不稳Malformation/malarticulationcervicalvertebrae颈椎畸形\椎间连接不良Vertebral stenosis(staticor椎管狭窄（静态或动态MostcommonvertebraeaffectedC5-第5－7颈椎最常发Developmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾CervicalRadiographicsignsX-Flattenedandmisshapedcranio,caudo-ventralaspectofvertebraeaffected-DegenerativechangesfacetVertebralmalalignment,narrowvertebral-NarrowintervertebraldiscspacesDevelopmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾CervicalDevelopmentalspinaldiseases发育性脊柱疾CervicalDegenerativespinal退行性脊柱疾DegenerativespinalComprehensiveofmultiplepathologic多种病理因素的综合作Arthrosis关节Infectiousdiseases传染 sticdiseases肿瘤性疾DegenerativespinalDegenerativediscdiseaseSpondylosisDisseminatedidiopathicskeletalhyperostosis(DISH)弥散性特发性骨质增生DegenerativecaninelumbosacralDiscospondylitisPrimaryandmetastatic Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾DegenerativediscResultofchondroidorfibroidAccuracyofsurveyradiographsindeterminingsiteofintervertebraldiscprotrusion(51-61%)MRI,CT,myelographytoevaluatedegreeofspinalcordcompression使用MRICT,Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾DegenerativediscRadiographicsignsXNarrowedintervertebraldiscMineralizedintervertebraldiscNarrowedarticularfacetjointIncreasedopacityvertebral椎管或椎孔的 增PossiblevacuumDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾DegenerativediscDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾 Smoothlymarginatednewboneformationalongventralandla lvertebralend Completeorpartialvertebral形成完全或部分的椎骨桥alfinding偶然发Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾UsuallyseeninBoxer,GreatOften alSmoothlymarginatednewboneformationalongventralvertebralbodiesWave-likelinearpatternnewboneformationalongatleastthree-fourvertebraeDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerative“Caudaequinasyndrome”马尾综合征AnyconditioncausingcompressioncaudaequinaatLS-Lumbosacraldiscdisease-SacralosteochondrosisDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾RadiographicsignsincludeXDestructionvertebral Scleroticvertebral tes椎骨终板硬Ill-defined,irregularlymarginatednewboneformationalongend NarrowedintervertebraldiscDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾 siaPrimaryor 性或转移性Primarylyticchanges(primarybonetumor,multiplemyeloma) Lytic,proliferativeormixedproliferative-destructivepattern(bonemetastasis) Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾 siaTraumaticspinal性脊柱疾TraumaticspinalVertebralfracture椎骨骨Vertebral椎骨半脱位或脱Vertebralinstability椎骨不稳TraumaticspinalRadiographicsignsincludeX光征象包Softtissueswelling/subcutaneous软组织肿胀/皮下气Vertebralmalalignment椎骨排列紊Misshapedvertebrae椎骨畸Fissure/fracturelines裂隙/骨折Paravertebralbonyfragments椎骨周围骨性碎TraumaticspinalVertebralluxation(trauma) TraumaticspinalMetabolicspinal代谢性脊柱疾Metabolicspinal Resultsofmultiplesystemicdiseasesaltering:Bonemass骨Boneopacity骨Vertebraldevelopment椎骨发MetabolicspinalHyperparathyroidism甲状旁腺功能亢进MucopolysaccharidosisCongenital Osteosclerosis骨硬Metabolicspinaldiseases代谢性脊柱疾OsteopeniaOveralldecreasevertebralbone椎骨 整体降Reductioncorticalthickness皮质骨厚度减Doublecorticalline双皮质Vertebralmalalignment椎骨排列紊Pathologicalfracture病理性骨Metabolicspinaldiseases代谢性脊柱疾NutritionalsecondaryMetabolicspinaldiseases代谢性脊柱疾OsteosclerosisOverallincreasevertebralbone椎骨 整体增Increasedcorticalthickness皮质骨厚度增Decreasedcortico-medullary皮质与髓质的差异减Pathologicalfracture(bonemore病理性骨折（骨骼更易碎Metabolicspinaldiseases代谢性脊柱疾Metabolicspin