中考英语复习之阅读理解解题技巧

中考复习之阅读理解解题技巧【命题特点】选择答案型阅读题测试考生的阅读能力。阅读能力是通过文字获取信息的能力。衡量这种能力的标准是速度.准确度和深度。而文字信息分为字面信息和隐含信息。字面信息可以直接获取，而隐含信息则需要对字面信息进行分析、归纳、判断、推理等获取，所以阅读题在相当程度上考查的是思维能力，选择答案型阅读题的取材范围很广,体裁上有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，题材上有人物类、故事类、科普类、文化类等。长沙中考阅读分为图表理解和短语理解。图表理解主要注重考查学生的信息提取能力，短文理解注重考查学生对文章的整体理解和推断能力。问题类型：细节理解，猜词义，主旨大意和推理判断解题技巧细节理解题：题型分类wh-细节题是非题计算题排序题图表题常见的提问形式:1）Accordingtothepassage,who(what,why,where,when，howmany/much,howlong)….?2）Whichofthefollowingisn'tmentioned?3）WhichofthefollowingisTrue/NotTrue?解题方法：1.划（划出关键词）2.定（在文章中精准定位）3.比（比较选项）如何划出关键词：特殊词汇：1.专有名词（人名，地名，机构名等）2.大写字母，缩写等3.数字（年代，时间等）4.带有特殊标点符号的词：如连字符5.与人相关的信息（身份，职业）6.学科等7.比较级和最高级-er,-est,than8.序数词：thefirst核心词1.名词2.修饰词（adj./adv.）3.动词词组4.陌生词汇和难度词汇注意：关键词一般2-4个最佳，以防一个词无法定位干扰项常见错误：无中生有2.张冠李戴3.以偏概全例1：长沙真题2020（B篇）TheNameofThisBookIsSecretReaderswilllovefollowingMax-EmestandCassastheysolvethemystery（谜）ofamissingmagician!Filledwithwordgames,thisisabookthatwon'tstaysecretforlong.“Anamazingstoryfullofpuzzles（不解之谜）!Itwillcertainlywinyourheartandwillmakeyouneverwanttostopturningthepages.”——AlexSmith,13Buynow!$13.90（hardcover）,$8.20（e-book）TheLondonEyeMysterySalimsuddenlydisappears.Nooneknowswherehehasgone.Howonearthcouldhehavedisappeared?Hiscousins,TedandKate,havetofollowclues（线索）aroundLondonandfindhimbeforeitistoolate.Cantheymakeit?"It'sagreatbook!Ihadmynoseinitallthetime!Thismustbethecoolestbookintheworld!”——SarahAndrew,12Buynow!$12.60（hardcover）,$7.10（e-book）45.Howmuchmoneycanyousaveifyoubuyane-bookofTheLondonEyeMysteryinsteadofahardcoverofit?A.$5.50B.$5.70C.$7.10例2：长沙真题2022（C篇）TomSawyer,however,thought“differently”whenhewasgivenaboringtask.OneSaturdaymorning,AuntPollytoldTomtopaintthefence（篱笆）.Tom’sfriendBenRogershappenedtowalkpast.Insteadofcomplaining,TomtoldBenthathefelt“excited”aboutthetask.“Onlyoneinathousand—maybeeventwothousandboyscandothis!”Tomsaid.8.WhatdidAuntPollyaskTomtodointhistext?A.VisitBen. B.Cleanthefloor. C.Paintthefence.例3：长沙真题2020（A篇）Clubname:ShortStoryWritingClubClubleader:ClaireSmithMeetingtime:Friday4:00p.m.-5:00p.m.Clubaim:ToimproveshortstorywritingskillsClubactivities：Readshortstoriesindifferentstyles（风格）Writeshortstoriesusingdifferentskills；Holdworkshopstodiscusstheshortstoriesthatmembersreadandwrite;Invitefamouswriterstogivetalksonshortstorywriting.Materialsneeded:PaperandpenforeachstudentPlanforfindingnewmembers:Makeposters（海报）andputthemuparoundtheschool;Putanoticeintheschoolnewspaperandontheschoolwebsite;PutavideoontheschoolwebsiteSigned:ClaireSmith（）41.Thechart（图表）aboveismostprobably______foranewclub.A.aplanB.aletterC.aninvitation例4：长沙真题2019（D篇）SeverusSnape/JohnNettleshipSeverusSnapeisaskillfulwizard（巫师）teachingmagicinHarryPotter.Thewriter,J.K.Rowling,oncesaidthatthecharacterwasbasedonateacherofhers.TheteacherturnedouttobeJohnNettleship,whotaughtRowlingchemistry.Atfirst,Nettleshipfeltsurprised.“IknowIamastrictteacher,”hesaid.“ButIdon’tthinkIamasbadasSnape!”Onsecondthoughts,however,hesaidthathewassoill-temperedthatmostofhisstudentsavoidedmakinghimmad.Also,heusedtowearlonghairandhaveanuntidylab.ThatsoundsfamiliartoHarryPotterfans.31SnapeandNettleshiphavesomethingincommonEXCEPT__________.A.theirjobs B.theirlooks C.theirhobbies词义猜测题题型分类：词义匹配题：根据对文章内容的理解，将单词或短语与其中文释义进行配对指代题：在理解文章内容的基础上，推断代词或专有名词所指代的具体内容词义理解题：根据对文章的理解，判断某个关键词或短语的意义。常见提问形式：1.Theword”__”inthepassageprobablymeans____.2.Theunderlinedword“it”refersto________.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”___”meaninChinese?4.Theunderlinedwordhasthesamemeaningas______.5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题方法：根据上下文猜测词义通过同义词或近义词猜测词义下定义：be,mean,referto,becalled/named,namely,thatis,beconsidered等词后面的内容是对前面的解释说明，相当于对前面的词下定义定语从句：尤其要注意who/which后的非限制性定语从句标点符号：破折号（-）,冒号（：），分号（;）后的内容，引号（“”）或括号（）中的内容通过构词法猜测词义派生法：否定前缀或后缀，与原词构成反义词，如dis-,un-,im-,-less等后缀改变词性但不改变词义，如：-ness,-tion,-ment等前缀：”re-”表“又，再”;“co-”表示“共同”，”tele-”表示“远的”合成词（构成新词）：根据各个组成词的意义并结合原文准确猜测词义转化法：一个单词由一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变，包括名词变动词，动词变名词，形容词变副词等4.通过举例猜测词义：比如suchas,forexample,like等词的前后，或者用破折号前后的内容来猜测划线单词的意思。例1：长沙真题2020（C篇）Dickenswroteaboutsituationsandemotionsthatstillinterestpeopletoday.Heusedhispentofightsocialinequalityandgavevoicetothepoor.Hisworksledtomanyimportantsocialchanges.Readersalwaysenjoyseeingpoorpeopleriseandsucceed.（）49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inequality"meaninParagraph4?不平等B.不现实C.不稳定例2：长沙真题2021（D篇）However,theseenjoyablephotosandvideoshidethedamage（损害）thattheonlinetradeisdoingtootters.Infact,wildottersarefacingmanythreats—theyhavelongbeenhunted（猎杀）fortheircoats;insomeplaces,fishermenhavebeenkillingottersinordertostopthemfromeatingfish;andnow,theonlinepettradehasbecomeanotherbigproblemforotters.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“threats”meaninParagraph2?A.机遇 B.威胁 C.选择例3：长沙真题2021（D篇）Thesolarpanel,however,doesnotmakemuchelectricityfromfallingrain.SoSunBaoquanisstillworkinghardtoimproveit.Thescientistalsowantstomakesolarpanelsmoreflexible.whichareassoftasclothing.54.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"flexible"meaninParagraph5?A.柔软的B.光滑的C.坚硬的主旨大意题：题型分类：主题型—根据文章或段落内容归纳其中心思想标题型—根据文章或段落内容归纳其标题目的型—根据文章或段落内容推断作者的写作态度或意图常见提问形式：归纳大意类1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Themainideaofthepassageis__________.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?选择标题类4.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe____.写作目的类6.Thewriter’s/author’spurposeis_______.7.Thepurposeofthearticleisto_______.解题方法：根据文章主体句（一般是首尾段），确定中心词来充当标题注意文章反复出现或强调的信息找出覆盖全文的核心词汇新颖性，语言精炼，能够吸引读者选答案的原则：不选对的，只选最好的，好的大于不知道的，不知道的大于不对的。删除4种错误概括范围太窄，只含某个细节概括范围太宽，超出文章内容看似正确，但是文中找不到出处主观臆断，并非作者观点例1：长沙真题2021（D篇）Otters（水獭）arecutewateranimals.Thesedays,keepingottersaspetsisgettingpopular.InJapan,some“ottercafés（咖啡馆）”areopenforbusiness.Peoplecanpaytoplaywiththeottersthereandtotakephotoswiththem.InIndonesia,peoplegoswimmingwiththeirpetottersandtakefunnyvideos.Thesephotosandvideospostedonlinehaveinterestedmorepeopletobuyottersaspets.So,weshouldstoptheotterpettradeandneversharephotosandvideosaboutthemonline.15.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthetext?A.Totellpeopletheotters’livinghabits.B.Toteachpeoplehowtokeepapetotter.CTocallonpeopletostoptheotterpettrade.例2：长沙真题2021（C篇）Fromanearlyage,weweretaughtthatifwewantedtobesuccessful,wehadtostudyhardandgetgoodresultsatschool.Infact,goodstudentsmayjustendupdoingjobstheydon’tlike,andsomeevenleadanunhappylife.Whyisitlikethat?26.What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingParagraph(段落)One? A.Tointroduceatopic. B.Togiveexamples. C.Toprovideasolution.例3：2019（D篇）ItisbelievedthatHuckFinnisbasedon（基于）achildhoodfriendofMarkTwain’s.Infact,Twainwasnotaloneinbasingafictionalcharacter（虚构的角色）onareal-lifeperson.SeverusSnape/JohnNettleshipSeverusSnapeisaskillfulwizard（巫师）teachingmagicinHarryPotter.Thewriter,J.K.Rowling,oncesaidthatthecharacterwasbasedonateacherofhers.Alice/AliceLiddellFamously,LewisCarroll’sAliceinAlice’sAdventuresinWonderlandisbasedonAliceLiddell.Dill/TrumanCapoteInToKillaMockingbird,HarperLeebasedDillonherchildhoodfriend,TrumanCapote.Capoteoncesaid,“Leewasmybestfriend.HaveyoueverreadToKillaMockingbird?I’macharacterinthatstory!Thestorytakesplacejustinthetownwherewelived!”35.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.purposesofwritingfictionalstoriesB.introductionstofamouswriters’childhoodfriendsC.charactersoffictionalstoriesfromreal-lifepersons推理判断题题型分类观点态度类隐含信息类文章出处类常见的提问形式:1）Wecaninferfromthetextthat_____2）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____3）Thispassagemaybetakenfrom_____4）Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldhappennext?5）Thewritersuggests(暗示）that____6）whatdoesthewriterthinkof_____?关键词：infer推断attitude态度解题方法：1.做这类题目时，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。2.推理判断时一定要以原文内容为前提，从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。3.善用排除法排除干扰选项。例1：长沙真题2020（D篇）Thefieldofsolarenergyisdevelopingfast.Scientistsaroundtheworldhavebeenimprovingsolarpanels.Somehavebeenworkingonwaystojoinsolarpanelsandwindpowertogether.Somehavebeentryingtousesunlighttoproduceliquidandgasfuels（液体和气体燃料）.（）55.Wecaninfer（推断）fromthistextthat______.A.thereisnoroomfordevelopingsolarenergyB.thereisnoendtotheresearchinthefieldofsolarenergyC.solarenergyhascompletelytakentheplaceofotherkindsofenergy例2：长沙真题2018（A篇）Afterwandering（闲逛）aroundinthecityforalongtime，Tomfinallyfoundhimselfstandinginfrontofthepalace．Helookedthroughitsgoldengate，hopingtotakealookatarealprince（王子）．Thetwoboyswereineachother'sclotheswhenEdwardsuddenlynoticedabruise（淤伤）onTom'shand．HesoonrealizedthatitwascausedbytheguardwhohadstoppedTomrudely．Inamoment，theyoungprinceranoutoftheroom．Hedecidedtopunishtheguard．However，theguarddidn'trealizethattheprincewasinTom'soldwornclothes．HehitEdwardheavilyontheearandthrewhimoutofthepalace．Wecaninfer（推断）fromthepassagethat．A．bloodisthickerthanwaterB．twoheadsarebetterthanoneC．neverjudgepeoplebytheirlooks例3：长沙真题2022（C篇）Thisstoryteaches