LCD行业富相科技LCD液晶显示器驱动系統

液晶顯示器驅動系統

講師:課程大綱液晶物質簡介液晶的電光效應液晶基本驅動原理STNLCDs驅動原理TFTLCDs驅動原理影響TFTLCDs畫面品質的因素DriverIC簡介TFTLCDs模組及介面技術簡介液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻液晶分子的種類SmecticLC層狀液晶NematicLC線狀液晶CholestericLC膽固醇狀液晶液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquidCrystallineLiquid

KSmCSmANLBiaxialUnaxialIsotropicTemperature液晶的分類液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)排列因數()折射率()黏滯係數()介電係數()電導係數磁化率彈性係數()液晶的光學特性OpticalPositiveOpticalNegativeHelicalAxisOpticalAxisOpticalAxis液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點低電壓驅動。低消耗電流。體積薄，重量輕。可實現大面積化。彩色化容易。缺點視角限制。外加被光源或投射光源。溫度操作範圍限制。液晶顯示器的種類液晶顯示器扭轉型(TwinstNematic,TN)1971超扭轉型(SuperTwinstNematic,STN)1984

雙層雙扭轉型(DoubleLayerSTN,DSTN)1987

光相位補償超扭轉型(FilmSTN,FSTN)1988

主動驅動超扭轉型(AASTNorMLSSTN)1992強介電型(FerroelectricLiquidCrystal:FLC)1980PDLC(PolymerDispersiveLC)1988PSCT(PolymerStabilizedCholestericTexture)1993OtherDS(DynamicScattering)1968PC(PhaseChange)1968GH(GuestHost)1968ECB(ElcetricalControlBirefregency)1971BTN(BistableTwistNematic)1995IPS(InPlaneSwitch)1995VA(VerticalAlignment)1996TN型

LCDs顯示原理Twist90液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的旋光特性調變穿透光線液晶的旋光特性消失STNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的雙折射特性調變穿透光線TN&STN電光轉移曲線

V-TCurve100%90%10%VnsSTN

VsSTNVsTNVnsTNTVTN與

STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT100%VSTNModeLCDs驅動方式直接驅動法(DirectionAddressing)靜態驅動法(StaticAddressing)多工驅動法(MultiplexAddressing)主動驅動法(ActiveAddressing/Multi-LineSelection)主動矩陣驅動法(ActiveMatrixAddressing)兩端元件(MIM,Diode..)三端元件(A-Si:HTFT,Ploy-SiTFT..)PlasmaAddressing(PALC)熱掃描驅動法(雷射掃描)光掃描驅動法(電子速掃描LCDs靜態驅動法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVcVsigVcVsVc-VsONOFF多工驅動法

(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)1234N123Frame1Frame2F0DT水平掃描訊號+D-D0垂直影像訊號Row1Row2Row3RowNColumn1ONOFFONOFFF+DF-DF+DF-D+D-D0+D-D0+D-D0+D-D01234NFrame1液晶畫素電壓T多工驅動法的限制1.0100200APT驅動波形IAPT驅動波形APTAddressingIAPTAddressingAPT與IAPT方式比較APT栋Addr仪essi匆ngLow睬Vo廊lta足ge聪Seg彻men拘tD务riv折er巩:2辨DHig及hV租olt役age访Co秒mmo艳nD号riv周er增:2殿FIAPT工Add浑ress若ingOffs群et+斜Dfo垒rPo塑siti就veP搜olar齐ityOff暴set孔+F话fo军rN题ega更tiv午eP论ola历rit疼yVolt惨age垒Rang保eof眉Seg辉ment雀Dri铺ver朗:F+壁DVol傍tag消eR培ang帅eo乱fC浆omm阻on兆Dri泄ver膝:持F+D高容量多沟工驅動的桥對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)STN移LCDs規格Ope塞rat灰ion苹Vo艰lta喊ge盖Vop服:Bias窄Rat态io:Ste茧epn蛛ess恶:Sel拨ect治ion释Ra离tio盯:STN御LC腹Ds驅動電壓款計算If惰Vof晨f=2牛V,掉N=2愿40袖row陆s,埋The筑n:APT总:牧Seg缎men伶tD戏riv东er约:2踪蝶.96椒V,运Com耻mon或Dr讯ive踪蝶r:昌44仍.40醒VIAPT茎:S瞎egme像nt&宫Com赏mon当Driv雁ers怠:23紧.68VSTN惊LCDs缝Dri效vers架構....由..移位飘暫存器(Shif辨ter滔Regi胜ster察)DCL散K串列輸糊入訊號...同閂鎖暫倒存器(Latc政hRe周gist宅er)LPF+D0F-D2D偏壓位準....傲....脆....木....锈....嘉....女.......叫...汪...通...夫...徐...奴...绢...撇...艺.DF(HLH拘L..华.H)....塞....泰....悼....司....罢....锹....HLHH並列輸出垂直訊號寸電極2D02D2DIAP顽T參考電挑壓IAP或T驅動IC灰階顯示疯─FRCFram鲜eRa崇teC趣ontr僵ol,炸FRC浙:灰階顯邪示─PWMPuls绸eWi观dth凡Modu讨lati挺on,汪PWM灶:灰階顯示甘─PHMPuls乡丰eHi象ghM北odul闹atio凶n,P敬HM:液晶的頻拨率響應Ver港tic际al惜Cro贫sst垂alk差of冬ST竭NL倘CDsVer市tic袭al敌Cro梁sst助alk的抑制婶(一)每兩條水呈平線變換软一次驅動薄電壓極性Vert尊ical供Cro蹲ssta爸lk的抑制挺(二)採用補道償驅動胡週期Ver信tic胖al蕉Cro炮sst血alk的抑制缩慧(三)一條水平航掃描線的歼掃描週期温分割成兩核部份，一半的垒掃描時酒間是採稠用正極享性的驅墨動訊號圾，另一半闹的時間益是採用聋負極性友的驅動方訊號。Hor俩izo摊nta圣lC叛ros泼sta阳lk投of尿STN耐LC轧Ds垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)ABABLHor柜izo供nta歼lC纺ros宗sta蛮lk的抑制垂直驅動訊號LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)傳統驅動方式水平掃描補償波形補償之液晶畫素波形(e)(f)£GVLABFram猾eRe罪spon爽seo前fST某NLC寻DsAct倒ive挡Ad认dre鸣ssi蜜ng肺for责ST千NL剖CDsActi厨veA论ddre塘ssin省g驅動電纱壓If淡Voff=2V,眨N=2红40r歪ows,拴The租n:F钱=止0.井730完X呼2V写=1尼.46紫0V|G|串=狂0.9翼54偏X2拆V=些21没.90烘9VOutp渣utR师ange争of颗Segm季ent油Driv洒eris研abo脊ut顾44V鼓.Com遭mon龟Dr让ive册ro甘fC肾omm摔on傍Dri阔veris磨abo喝ut偏3V.Segm目ent撕Volt歼age餐ofA趣ctiv为eAd宅dres辫singAct尽ive牢Ad妙dre侨ssi涛ng的矩陣運脾算列向量（Col栏umn流）×＝時間（Tim渔e）行向量（Row抵）Bit阳-Ma来pI员mag标eM慎atr逆ixRow锈Func透tion甲Mat屈rix時間（Tim初e）列（Col怨umn笑）Colu偏mnV蒙olta遭geM婚atri掀x矩陣運算思方式行（Row）×＝行向量肥（Row）列向量茫（Colu痕mn）Bit-彼Map油Imag束eMa翼trixRow片Ve彻cto呢r時間（Time掌）列（Col势umn场）Tim乘e=Dtk×＝行向量（Row过）列向量（Col偏umn鲁）第j列Row葬Fu泳nct求ion慨Ma椅tri仗x時間（Tim须e）列（Colu事mn）Col洗umn蜓Ve缺cto锋r垂直序抓列運算Colu朴mnS猴eque倾ntia患l時間序座列運算Tim惹eS例equ辩ent稍ialColu车mnS羡eque聚ntia仪l硬體架構

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMNSTNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器Time宏Seq名uent止ial硬體架纤構

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMN1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數STNLCDs垂直驅動晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅動晶片N主動矩送陣式液薄晶顯示三器AM-L窝CDsTFT龄LC锣Ds等效電路Row斤Dr尘ive座rsCol哭umn对Dr排ive购rArr赖ang理eme疫nt席of跃Col斥or踪蝶Fil趴terRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRGGBRGGBRGGBRGGBRGWBRGWBRGWBRGWBStr盛ipeTri臂ang泉lePix匙el擦Str涌uct随ure您of默TF爷TL州CDsCs叨on现Com世mon與Cs社on讯Gat洒e架構液晶畫素TFTGateLineDataLineCsCs液晶畫素TFTCommonCommonGateLineDataLineCsCs

CsonCommonCsonGateTimi面ngC丝式hart胁of慕TFT黄LCDsFra疫me今Tim未eGat塌e123NTimeTFT销LCDs滑Dri睛ving宇Met守hodCol代umn晕In够ver五sio坊nDot额In攻ver漏sio史nRow鹅Inve茎rsio粗nFram听eIn刻vers哲ionDire吃ctD弟rivi王ngo辅fTF猜TLC凭DsDCB乎iasofC旷ommo务nGray园Scal诊eVolt斗ageV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V01Frame/1LineACM疤odul技atio枯nAd晕dres绵sing凳of期TFT套LCDsV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V0Com馅mon钉Wa唐vef惊ormGray阳leve远lVol妹tag臣e1Fra匙me县/1给Li搏neTFT窗LC皇Ds的電光柳效應孔Dir趟ect蓝Ad密dre季ssi智ngTFT偶LC治Ds的電光效寺應

AC吨Add关ress称ingTFT仁LC堡Ds马Dri原vin海gW拌ave晌for或m洽Cs过on篇Com遥mon辞(一昌)TFT垮LC让D驅動波形(Cso袜nCo析mmon求,Co泛mmon祖=D枪CBi贞as)TFT铜LC秩Ds争Dri辆vin坟gW净ave摸for贸m甘Cs盖on僚Com密mon吩(二辫)TFT均LC允Ds充Dri躺vin对gW滑ave绍for止m邻Cs郑on慢Gat辞eTFT電容效守應的影锄響PixelCgdCgsCsdCsdbCsdb液晶電容验的效應液晶電帆容CLC會隨液晶亦作用電壓荷的改變而掘變化，因此在光驅動液晶私時會有殘绸存的DC成份，其所造成的拒影響：Ima例ge妖Sti依cki集ng.Pic邮tur供eF左lic魂ker微.液晶作用探電壓大時，液晶分捡子趨向平渐行電場方撞向排列：液晶作刻用電場裹小時，此液晶分友子趨向验垂直電怪場方向盲排列：二階驅動比方式的效懂應CsClcCgdCsdCgsVctCh(劣N-1锋)Ch(帐N)Vs垂直影像廉訊號水平掃描扁訊號Vg水平掃倦描訊號VgVshVslVstVthVth正極性驅動負極性驅動負極性驅動正極性驅動資料驅動晶片輸出訊號電位液晶畫素電位Vct=Vst-ΔVpΔVpBlack(+)White(+)White(+)Black(+)Black(-)Black(-)White(-)White(-)TFT補償驅自動法Ch(N-1)Ch(N)Vst=Vct影像訊號波形Vs水平脈波掃描波形VgeVgeVghlCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vst影像訊號波形VsVge(+)Vge(-)VghlVghl3Lev斩el访Add诊res胆sin米g4Leve而lAd甜dres庄sing3Leve粒lAd导dres界singB(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)正極性負極性Vst=VctB(+)B(-)W(+)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp=CgdVghl/Ct正極性負極性正極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd負極性CsVge/CtCsVge/Ct4L上eve诱lA丑ddr柿ess择ingVst=牢VctB(+干)B(-虎)B(-)B(+)W(+)W(+)W(-川)W(-)B(+拘)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp糖(+)ΔVp繁(-)ΔVp爆=Cg肌dVg毒hl/漏CtCsVg赚e(-)榴/CtCsV商ge(夕+)/折Ct正極性負極性正極性負極性Ct=C术s+Cl返c+Cg翻dCs娃on帝Gat柿e電壓補辩償方式經由Cs將前一條水平脈波的補償波形耦合到動作的液晶畫素,補償Cgd造成的電壓漂移及改善液晶畫素內的直流電電壓殘餘.經由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移經由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移Comp盲arsi送ono同fAd黎dres边sing立Met撤hodHori叠zont谁alL局ine骡Cros夕stal彼kABCscCscCscTFT稿Subs宜trat势eColo达rFi房诚lter鹿Sub丘stra甩teHor扮izo龟nta茂lA漏rea兽Cr摄oss典tal兽kABVer目tic昨al穷Are捕aC始ros户sta炉lkUpLowUpLowSha睛din剑gC勒ros岭sta上lkSha更din沫gC究ros棍sta迫lk的抑制Gat志eP因uls廊e的傳遞白延遲Gate铺(Sc丑an)抛Line的等效阻节抗為一連脊串的串聯RC網路，因骑此Gat查eP刊uls径e在傳遞時肺會造成波适形的傳遞臣延遲失真纸。RCRCRCRCN液晶畫素共邊際電場少效應(一没)Rev砖ers香eT涝ilt畫素電体極鄰近電極共通電極VPVLVAVA<VL:Di序scli雁nati狡onA相ppea陪redVA>VL:D保isc线lin害ati厅on返Dis螺app获ear格edVP>LC炭Thr镰esho细ldV者olta罚geReve僚rse映Tilt液晶畫术素邊際每電場效煌應(二跪)TFT水平驅動電極垂直驅動電極RubbingDirectionDisclinationLineReverseTiltDomain改善方法1.增音加液晶岂分子的預傾角(Pre档til呢tA未ngl核e)2.增加Bla框ck薯Mas正k的遮蔽面贵積驅動IC－垫Sca伸nDr役iverBid离ire层cti叠ona服lS滤hif栏tR奖egi惕ste葬rLeve俊lSh即ift嚼Circ艰uitOut疼put毙Bu久ffe晓rG1扇G2励G3坚………滴...STVRSTV嘴LCPVR/LVDDDVSSDVDDAVSSASTV芬RSTVLG1G2GxSer群ial吩In苹－川Ser怀ial滥Ou壁t扶Ana青log览Da请ta缸Dri概verSelectDatajDataj+1Mul那tip密lex裤erPro:事Very跨sim劈燕ple.Few娃er须ext想ern蛮al韵con员nec拢tio伞ns.Con:吨Many俘ana短log厉inpu固ts.Red捏uce锋dp蚀ixe泊lc诱har筋gin骡gt漂ime打.Syst音emN冶ote母:Samp惭lec衔lock牵:(阻Dot滨cloc忠k)/忍N,春NPh窝ases渔.Vid碰eo另Pha易se混:NShiftRegisterVideoInQiQi+1Var变iat姿ion倾on摄Mu从lti略ple烤xerPro争:Vi玻deo傅In亏put绘.Con庄:Fa潮st辅dat当al京ine疲ch呼arg哑ing完ne病ede层d.Redu送ced社pixe蔬lch绘argi吩ngt愿ime.Sys纹tem候No茎te:Shif抢tCl国ock念:(D问otC粒lock皮)/未3fo阀rMo够no.Vide警oPh戴ase幻玉:3脉for萄Mono允.Samp齐lea房诚ndH裂oldSer欠ial感In寒－订Par载all岩el育Out寺An杏alo录gD寸ata次Dr浓ive古r(一)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1Qi+2Qi+3VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/SinglePhaseSampleNSampleN+1SampleN+2TTTNN+1N+2OutN-1OutNOutN+1Pro:VideoInput.Smallloadonfastsample-and-holds.Fulllinetimetochargepixel.Con:Complexanalogcircuit.Physicalsize.SystemNote:ShiftClock:DotClock.VideoPhase:SinglePhase.Ser鸣ial倡In车－屈Par沟all未el霸Out嗓An售alo老gD院ata猪Dr谜ive卧r(二)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1VideoInTransferDou归ble所Sa驰mpl恐ea呆nd银Hol增d/萍Mu绢lti矛-Ph梨asePor每:逃Red虑uce袖do抬per贞ati帽on完fre换que膛ncy拼.Syst床emN澡ote返:Vid损eo叔In林:NVide短oPh间ase摸:NShif禁tCl艇ock扎:(D升otC疫lock助)/有N.Dig东ita步lD姜ata点Dr票ive治r(一)ShiftRegisterDACDACDACDACDAC

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