起重安全培训全英文版

Cranes第一页，共三十九页。1OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationMajorCausesofCraneAccidents

ContactwithpowerlinesOverturnsFallsMechanicalfailures第二页，共三十九页。2OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationInstability

–unsecuredload,loadcapacityexceeded,orgroundnotlevelortoosoftLackofcommunication-thepointofoperationisadistancefromthecraneoperatorornotinfullviewoftheoperatorLackoftrainingInadequatemaintenanceorinspectionHowDoAccidentsOccur?

第三页，共三十九页。3OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationWhoisatRiskOperatorsPersonsatCraneSite第四页，共三十九页。4OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationDefinitionsCrane–ConsistsofarotatingstructureforliftingandloweringhorizontallyonrubbertiresorcrawlertreadsHoist-Usedtoliftandlowerload.Boom–Aninclinedspar,strut,orotherlongmembersupportingthehoistingtackleBoomstops–AdeviceusedtolimittheangleoftheboomatitshighestpositionBrake–TosloworstopmotionbyfrictionorpowerBlock–Sheavesorgroovedpulleysinaframewithhook,eyeandstrapJib–Extensionattachedtotheboompointtoprovideaddedboomlengthforliftingspecifiedloads.第五页，共三十九页。5OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationCraneParts第六页，共三十九页。6OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationTypesofCranes

MobileHydraulicOverheadGantryTower第七页，共三十九页。7OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationImproperloadratingExcessivespeedsNohandsignalsInadequateinspectionandmaintenanceUnguardedpartsUnguardedswingradiusCraneHazardsWorkingtooclosetopowerlinesImproperexhaustsystemShatteredwindowsNosteps/guardrailswalkwaysNoboomangleindicatorNotusingoutriggers第八页，共三十九页。8OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationPlanningBeforeStart-UpLevelthecraneandensuresupportsurfaceisfirmandabletosupporttheloadContactpowerlineownersanddetermineprecautions.Knowthelocationandvoltageofoverheadpowerlines.Knowthebasiccranecapacities,limitations,andjobsiterestrictions,suchasthelocationofpowerlines,unstablesoil,orhighwinds.Makeotherpersonnelawareofhoistingactivities.Barricadeareaswithinswingradius.Ensurepropermaintenanceandinspections.Determinesafeareastostorematerialsandplacemachinery.第九页，共三十九页。9OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationCompetentPersonThecompetentpersonmustinspectallmachineryandequipmentpriortoeachuse,andduringuse,tomakesureitisinsafeoperatingcondition.Ifitneedsfixing,takeitoutofserviceanddon’tuseituntilitisfixedBrokenTrack第十页，共三十九页。10OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationLoadCapacity-Speed-WarningsMakesurethecraneoperatorcanseethe:RatedLoadCapacitiesOperatingSpeedsSpecialHazardWarningorInstructionLoadRatingChart第十一页，共三十九页。11OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationKnowtheWeightoftheLoadRefertoshippingticketorotherdocumentationEnsureliftcalculationsarecorrectEnsureloadiswithinloadchartratingforboomlengthandloadradiusofcraneCraneisratedbythemaximumweightitwillliftataminimumradiusandminimumboomlength–thefurtherfromitscenterpoint,thelessitwilllift第十二页，共三十九页。12OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationLoadLimitingFactorsNotlevelWindSideloadsOnitswheelsLiftingoverthesideUseofextensions,jibsandotherattachmentsLimitsofwirerope,slingsandliftingdevices第十三页，共三十九页。13OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationMobileCranes–

LiftingPrinciplesCenterofGravityLeverageStabilityStructuralIntegrity第十四页，共三十九页。14OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationLoadExample–

30toncraneWilllift60,000poundsat10feetfromthecenterpinofthecraneBasedonlevelsurface,nowind,andoutriggersfullyextendedAt25feetfromthecenterpinwithan80footboom,thecapacityisonly14,950poundsAt74feetfromthecenterpin,thecapacityisonly4,800pounds第十五页，共三十九页。15OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationImproperLoadImproperloadsorspeedscanresultinthetippingofthecrane第十六页，共三十九页。16OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationImproperLoad第十七页，共三十九页。17OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationImproperLoad第十八页，共三十九页。18OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationStayclearfrompowerlinesatleast10feet

PowerLines第十九页，共三十九页。19OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationAnillustrationofthesignalsmustbepostedatthejobsiteHandSignals第二十页，共三十九页。20OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationGuardMovingPartsUnguardedChainDriveGuardmovingpartssuchasgearsorbelts第二十一页，共三十九页。21OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationSwingRadiusSwingRadiusStayoutoftheswingradiusofthecrane–Makesuretherearebarrierguardsshowingswingradius第二十二页，共三十九页。22OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationOperatorVisibilityBrokenWindowMakesurebrokenwindowsorotherobstructionsdonotpreventtheoperatorfromseeing第二十三页，共三十九页。23OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationLaddersLadderUseladderstogettotheupperportionofthecab第二十四页，共三十九页。24OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationGuardrailsRunwaysandstepsneedtohaveguardrails,handholdsandslipresistantsurfaces第二十五页，共三十九页。25OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationSuspendedLoads

Don’tstandundersuspendedloads第二十六页，共三十九页。26OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationBoomAngleIndicatorAboomangleindicatormustbeonthecrane第二十七页，共三十九页。27OSHAOfficeofTraining&Education

SupportingSurfaceCranesmustbeonafirmsupportingsurfaceandlevelwithin1percent第二十八页，共三十九页。28OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationThegroovesmustbesmoothandfreefromsurfacedefectswhichcouldcauseropedamageSheaves第二十九页，共三十九页。29OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationRiggingEquipmentSlingsTypesofslingsincludealloysteelchain,wirerope,metalmesh,naturalorsyntheticfiberrope,andsyntheticweb.ChainWireropeMetalmeshSynthetic第三十页，共三十九页。30OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationAnnualInspectionsInspectionofthehoistingmachinerymustbemadebyacompetentpersonTheemployermustmaintainarecordoftheseinspectionsCranewasn’tinspectedandtippedover第三十一页，共三十九页。31OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationWhattoInspectCorrectairpressureandnoleaksTiresproperlyinflatedClearancefortailswingWireropewearPhysicaldamagetocraneLooseormissinghardware,nuts,orboltsFluidleaks第三十二页，共三十九页。32OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationRemoveFromServiceImmediatelyremovedamagedordefectiveslingsfromservice第三十三页，共三十九页。33OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationDamagedwireropeBrokenStrandsDamagedwireropemustbetakenoutofserviceCrushedRope第三十四页，共三十九页。34OSHAOfficeofTraining&Education

WornPart第三十五页，共三十九页。35OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationConductregularinspectionsoftiresforexcessivewearordamageTireInspections第三十六页，共三十九页。36OSHAOfficeofTraining&EducationTrainingOperators:mustqualifyonspecificcrane