2022高考英语一轮复习MODULE5THECONQUESTOFTHEUNIVERSE学案外研版选修8

Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．leapn.&v．飞跃，跳跃2．randomadj.任意的；随机的3．tensionn.紧张关系4．autonomousadj.自治的；有自治权的5．authorityn.权力；权威6．swearv.起誓保证7．lattern.(刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个8．abstractadj.抽象的(二)背重点单词——写对才行1．accustomedadj.习惯的2．tunev.收看(电视)；收听(广播)3．witnessv.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历4．burstv.爆炸5．viewv.看，观察6．decaden.十年7．acknowledgev.承认；认为8．deedn.行为9．defeatn.失败10．accusev.指责11．sorrown.悲伤；悲痛12．graspn.控制13．foreseev.预知；预见14．aidn.帮助15．impactn.影响，作用(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．historyn．历史→historicadj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→historicaladj.(有关)历史的→historiann．历史学家2．assumev．假定，假设→assumptionn．假定，假设3．patientadj.耐心的n．病人→patiencen．耐心→patientlyadv.耐心地4．advancen．进步；进展→advancedadj.高级的，先进的5．dependv．依靠；取决于→dependentadj.依赖的→dependencen．依赖，依靠→independencen．独立；自立6．reliefn．安慰；宽慰→relievev．安慰；宽慰7．sympathyn．同情；同情心→sympatheticadj.同情的；有同情心的8．commitv．保证；承诺，忠于；投入；做出(错事)；犯(罪)→commitmentn．忠诚；奉献9．consistv.构成；一致→consistentadj.一致的；吻合的10．devotev．致力于→devotionn．忠诚→devotedadj.忠诚的11．stableadj.稳定的；安定的→stablyadv.稳定地；安定地→stabilityn．稳定；安定12．consultv．咨询；请教→consultantn．顾问13．arguev．争论→argumentn．争论→arguableadj.可辩论的，可论证的→arguablyadv.有争议地[语境活用]1．ThisAmericanstudentstudiedmodernChinesehistoryatcollegeandfoundOctober1,1949wasahistoricday.Thenhediscusseditwithahistorianinhiscollegeandlearnedalot.(history)2．Notonlywasthedoctorpatientwitheveryonepresentbutalsothenursehadmuchpatience.Seeingthis,thecancerpatientsatpatientlywaitingforherturn.(patient)3．Youcan’tbedependentonyourparentsallyourlife.Ifyoualwaysdependonothers,youwillneverbecomeindependent.(depend)4．Mymotherwasgivensomemedicinetorelievethepainyesterday.Toourrelief,sheisnotinpainnow.(relief)5．Ihavealotofsympathyforher;shehadtobringupthechildrenonherown.Myfriendisalsoverysympatheticaboutherproblemsowedecidetohelpher.(sympathy)(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1．assumev．假定，假设；认为；设想背词条用法(1)assume...tobe...假定/假设……是……Itisassumedthat...人们认为……(2)makeanassumption认为；假定(3)assuming(that)...假设/假定……背写作佳句①Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool.我认为你们互相认识，因为你们上同一所学校。②Wecanfirstassumehimtobeinnocent.我们可以先假设他是无辜的。③Assumingthatyougetaplaceatuniversity,howareyougoingtofinanceyourstudies？如果你上了大学，你将怎样为你的学业提供金钱资助？2．acknowledgev．承认；认为；告知收到(信件、礼物等)；感谢背词条用法acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...承认某事/某人是/为……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做了某事Itis(widely)acknowledgedthat...人们(普遍)认为……；大家公认……背写作佳句①XuBeihongisacknowledgedtobeoneofChina’sbestartists.徐悲鸿被认为是中国最优秀的艺术家之一。②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatthefilmisinstructiveandfullofemotion.大家普遍认为这部电影具有指导意义，并且充满情感。(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单元短语再认再现1．inspiteof不管，尽管，不顾2．attheverybeginningof在……一开始的时候3．aseriesof一系列的；一连串的4．accusesb.ofdoingsth.指责某人某事5．prayfor祈望；祈求6．besimilarto与……相似的7．setout开始做；着手进行；陈述8．inrelief欣慰地9．breakout爆发10．make/haveanimpacton对……有影响eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重点短语拓展用活setout开始做；着手进行；出发；动身背相关短语setoff出发；动身；引起；使爆炸setdown写下；记下setaside把……放在一边；留出setup建立；成立；树立；搭建setabout开始；着手背写作佳句①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)Participantssetoutat9amfromthegateoftheschool,runthroughthePeople’sPark,andfinallyarrivedatthefootofNanshanMountain.参加者在上午9点从学校门口出发，穿过人民公园最后到达南山山脚下。②Somedoctorsadvisesettingasideacertainhoureachdayforrelaxation.一些医生建议每天留出一个小时放松一下。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材内句式举一反三1．...littledidheknowwhatimpacthewasgoingtomake.(表示否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)……他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。佳句①Hardlycansheimaginethatherhusbandsearchesforherbyhelicopter.她没有想到她的丈夫用直升飞机寻找她。佳句②VeryrarelydoIhearthemcomplain.我很少听到他们抱怨。2．Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat...(as引导让步状语从句，使用倒装结构)尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……佳句①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Tiredandbusyasweare,webenefitalotmentallyandphysically.尽管我们又累又忙，我们的身心都受益颇多。佳句②Tinyasitis,bepleasedtodoit.虽然事情很小，但也要高兴地去做。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主题佳句熟读成诵1．Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.仰望星空，人们一直想要更加深刻地认识太空，科学家们也正在努力寻求答案。2．Iholdthebeliefthatspaceresearchprogramsareofgreatbenefittohumanbeings.我认为太空探索对人类大有益处。3．Ialsowanttoexplorethemysteriesoftheuniverse,anddoalotofmeaningfulthingsforspaceexploration.我还想去探索宇宙空间的奥秘，为探索宇宙做很多有意义的事。(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点——说明文(一)[题目要求](2016·四川高考)某中学生英文报站正举办“TheSeasonILikeBest”的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括：1．你最喜欢的季节；2．你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。注意：1.词数100左右；2．题目已为你写好；3．行文连贯，语篇完整；4．文中不得透露个人真实信息。TheSeasonILikeBest[背范文]TheSeasonILikeBestEachofusknowsthattherearefourseasonsinayear.Differentpeoplelikedifferentseasons,andmyfavoriteseasonisspring.Ilovetosmellthefragranceofflowers,seethenewgreentreesandhearthesingingofbirds.Therearemanybusybutterfliesandbeesovertheflowers.Sometimesitrains,butusuallyrainsquietly.Therainmoistensthetreesandtheflowers.AndIcanplayoutsidetoo!Whetherwelikeridingbikes,joggingorgoinghiking,springallowsustoenjoyoutdooractivities.Ofcourse,therearemanyotherreasonstoexplainwhyI’msoexcitedaboutspring.Thankyou,spring![学亮点]1．学亮丽开头开头先用therebe句型陈述“一年有四季”，从而引出自己最喜欢的季节——春季。开头非常简洁，开门见山。2．学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：thefragranceofflowers,moisten,allowsb.todo等，提高了作文的档次。(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：therebe句型Therearemanybusybutterfliesandbeesovertheflowers；让步状语从句Whetherwelikeridingbikes,joggingorgoinghiking；宾语从句whyI’mso...等，为作文增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。3．防微点失分考生容易把“Eachofusknowsthattherearefourseasonsinayear.”中的谓语动词knows错用为know，或把“Differentpeoplelikedifferentseasons,andmyfavoriteseasonisspring.”中的seasons误用为season，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识[全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.根据语境写出加蓝部分的汉语意思1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.请教，咨询2．(2020·江苏高考)Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.看法3．(2020·5月天津高考)However,laterwhenIlearnedfrommyfriendsthatmydaddefeatedallcompetitorsandwoneveryone’sadmiration,Ifoundthatmixedinwithmyembarrassmentwasatouchofpride.打败4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.花费Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.LiuBeiandGuanYuwererealhistorical(history)figures.2.Whathappenedwoulddependon/uponhowyoudealtwithit.3．Tomyrelief(relieve),everythingturnedoutwell.4．Herspeechmadeaprofoundimpactoneveryone.5．Makingsmall­scalemodelsrequiresagreatdealofpatience(patient)．名师点拨“一站清”(1)historical和historic：前者通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实，后者表示“具有重要历史意义的”。(2)dependon/upon意思是“依靠，取决于”，同义短语有：relyon/upon,counton/upon。[重点练——深化高频考点]1．assume[明其义]v．假定，假设；认为；设想[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Itisassumed(assume)thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.②Thesecalculationsarebasedontheassumption(assume)thatpriceswillcontinuetorise.(2)一句多译如果你适合做这件工作，我们会雇用你。③If/Supposingyouarequalifiedforthejob,wewillhireyou.④Providing/Provided/Assumingthatyouarequalifiedforthejob,wewillhireyou.⑤Wewillhireyouonconditionthatyouarequalifiedforthejob.[解其困](1)在“it’sassumed＋that从句”中，assumed可以换成thought/supposed/believed/considered。(2)assumingthat...引导条件状语从句，相当于providing/provided/that...,if/supposing和onconditionthat引导的条件状语从句。2．acknowledge[明其义]v．承认；认为；告知收到(信件、礼物等)；感谢[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Historiansgenerallyacknowledgeherasageniusinherfield.②YuanLongpingisacknowledged(acknowledge)tobeoneofthegreatestscientistinChina.(2)一句多译那个淘气的男孩承认打碎了玻璃。③Thenaughtyboyacknowledgedbreaking/havingbrokentheglass.④Thenaughtyboyacknowledgedthathehadbrokentheglass.[解其困](1)acknowledgesb.as...意思是“认为……是……，把……看作……”，相当于“regard/consider/see/thinkof/lookon...as...”。(2)acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.＝admitdoing/havingdonesth.意思是“承认做了某事”。学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力[词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空inspiteof，attheverybeginningof，aseriesof，accuse...of，prayfor，besimilarto，setout，inrelief，breakout，makeanimpacton1.Inspiteofrejectionsfromseveralpublishers,herefusedtogiveup.2.Firebrokeoutintheneighborhoodlastnight.3．Inrelief,Daisyburstintolaughter.4．Hefeltnervousattheverybeginningofthespeech.5．Aseriesofattackshavesharpenedfearsofmoreviolence.6．Let’sprayforpeaceandloveandmaketheworldinharmony.7．Georgesetouttoimprovehishandwriting.8．Oneofthebestwaystofindhappiness,fulfillmentandasenseofbelongingistotrytohelpmakeanimpactonthelivesofothers.9．Thistripissimilartotheonewewentonlastmonth.10．Theoldmanaccusedhissonoftreatinghimbadly.名师点拨“一站清”(1)inspiteof是介词短语，意思是“不管，尽管”，相当于despite，后面接名词、代词和动词­ing形式。(2)breakout表示“战争、火灾等爆发”，是不及物动词短语，不带宾语，不能用于被动语态。Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较setoutVSsetabout比较①Theysetaboutdiscussingtheissueassoonasthemeetingbegan.②Theysetouttohelpputoutthefireimmediatelytheycameonthescene.辨清(1)setout意思是“开始，陈述，出发”。后接动词不定式。setouttodosth.“开始做某事”。(2)setabout后接名词、动名词。setaboutdoingsth.“开始做某事”。[句式的验收盘点](一)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子用部分倒装[通其用]1．补全句子①Neverhavetheyexperiencedsuchaterribledisaster.他们从来没有经历过如此可怕的灾难。②NotuntilIfinishedmylunchdidIrealizemywallethadbeenleftinthecar.直到我吃完午饭我才想起我的钱包还在车上。③Seldomdidtheygetaroundinthepast.过去他们很少四处走动。2．句型转换④Heknowslittleaboutthesituationoftheworld.→Littledoesheknowaboutthesituationoftheworld.[解其困]部分倒装的情况(1)表示否定意义的副词或介词短语位于句首，如not,never,seldom,rarely,little,bynomeans,noway,onnocondition,innocase等。(2)notuntil部分位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。(3)notonly...butalso...连接句子时，notonly位于句首，句子用部分倒装。(4)“only＋状语”位于句首，句子用部分倒装。(5)so/such...that...句型中，so/such部分位于句首，句子用部分倒装。(二)as引导让步状语从句，使用倒装结构[通其用]1．补全句子①Difficultaslifeis,heisstilloptimistic.虽然生活困难，他仍然乐观。②Hardasheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。2．句型转换③Thoughheisachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.→Childas/thoughheis,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.[解其困]as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，构成倒装，这时as可以换成though。如果提前的是一个单数可数名词，名词前省略冠词。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养2019全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解D篇——对接课标主题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索精读真题——拓展语言能力(语篇中蓝体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)[1]Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollably①onsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,so②astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport[2]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.[3]“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnograded③homework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin­personreview④，and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”[4]GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?eq\o(Gordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywith,\s\do4(1))NASAengineersabouttheproblem,readying⑤aworkablesolutiontotestinspace.［析微点·厚积语言基础］①构词法——根据词根和词缀猜词义：controln．&v．控制；限制；掌管un­＋control＋­able→uncontrollableadj.不可控制的uncontrollablyadv.不可控制地②微技法——根据因果关系解题：由并列连词so可知，前后两句为因果关系，由so后的句子“astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek”可得出第32题答案。③构词法——根据词根猜测词义graden．年级；等级；级别v.分级；给……评分gradedadj.(按难度、大小等)分级的；评分的④微积累——in­＋n.构成形容词in­personadj.亲自的inhumanadj.无同情心的；冷酷无情的indooradj.(在)室内的independentadj.独立的⑤微点拨——形容词用作动词：readyadj.准备好的；可利用的v．做好……的准备；为……做好准备通句式——句子(1)中“hisstudents...theproblem”为宾语从句；readying...为现在分词作状语。[理脉络——内化读文规律]解析真题——感悟素养立意[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]32．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinstruments.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollably...astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，国际空间站的细菌很难被清除掉。故选A。33．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher­studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把太空技术和学校教育结合起来。34．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct.B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules.D．Gradetheirhomework.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin­personreview...It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA的工程师们会检查学生们的制作的产品。35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform解析：选B标题归纳题。本文讲述的是美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，让学生完成与太空技术有关的任务。B项与此内容密切相关，故选B。[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质文中第35题主要考查学生的概括性思维。作者介绍了美国航空航天局的一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。所以，文章的主旨应包含太空和教学这两个方面。B项意为“太空：期末作业的前沿领域”，故选B。一些考生由于缺乏概括性思维，凭断章取义的思维而往往错选A、C或D三项。因为这三项各自包含了文中的一个方面，内容不全面，所以，考生要注意概括性思维品质的锻炼。二、聚焦核心价值本文介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站的细菌问题。文章对于启发和培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。让学生关注人类太空探索的进程和科学技术，不仅是为了开阔学生的视野，增长见识，积累相关的语言，更重要的是让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开拓的精神。宣扬这种精神，也是为了激励青少年勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发展道路，立下远大志向，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。借力真题——发掘学习能力Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Hermostannoying(annoy)habitwasspeakingwithhermouthfull.2．Thereisnoeasysolution(solve)tothisproblem.3．Eggsaregraded(grade)fromsmalltoextralarge.4．Therehavebeensomeproblemsbutbasically(basic)it’sagoodsystem.5．Fromapractical(practice)pointofview,itisn’tagoodplacetolivein.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Hewasannoyedat/about(因……而生气)givinginsoeasily.2．Whatparentsdoandsaywillhaveagreatimpacton(有很大的影响)theirchildren.3．MrSmithaskedwhetherIwasreadyfor(为……做准备)thecomingexam.Ⅲ.分析长难句ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport[句式解构]本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。主句是“Itisdependingon...classrooms”。其中like是介词，后面接宾语theone，在theone后是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句。[句意翻译]这个问题取决于美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH中学课堂项目，就像位于纽约费尔波特的费尔波特中学的理科老师GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelberg领导的项目一样。Ⅳ.主题语境写作假定你是李华，对探月感兴趣，请写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。内容包括：1．去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；2．月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；3．解决办法：食物放在试管中，吸食；4．去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：IfIvisitedthemoon,therewouldbeaproblemImightbefacedwith:howtoeatanddrink.Thegravityofthemoonissoweakthatthefoodwillfloataround.Iwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithme.SoitcouldbeputinatubeandthenIwouldbeabletosuckitmoreeasily.PerhapsIwoulduseastrawtodoit.Itcanpreventthefoodfromfloatingaway.Onlyinthiswaycantheproblembesolved.Iwillhaveatryintime.课下主题训练地球与宇宙奥秘探索Ⅰ.阅读理解Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytosuccessfullylandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e­4probe(探测器)hasalsomadethefirstlunarlandingsince2019.Ithasthetaskofexploringthesideofthemoonthatneverfacestheearth.Thedarksideofthemoonisolderandhasathickersurfacethanthevisibleside.Ittakesthemoonaslongtogoaroundonitsownaxis(轴)asitdoesforonecompleteorbitaroundtheEarth.TheChineseprobelandedinahugecrater2,500kmindiameterand13kmdeep.Thecraterisoneoftheoldestpartsofthemoonandoursolarsystem.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthegeologyofthefarsideofthemoon.Thecrafthastwocamerasonboardwhichwillsendimagesbacktoearth.Itwillalsoattempttosendsignalstodistantregionsofspace,somethingthatcannothappenonearthbecauseoftoomuchradionoise.Chang’e­4alsohasinstrumentsonboardtoexaminemineralsaswellasacontainerwithseedswhichwilltrytocreateaminiature(微型的)biosphere(生物圈)．Communicationwiththespacecraftisnoteasy.Imagesandotherdatamustbetransmittedtoaseparatesatellitebecausenodirectcommunicationwiththeearthispossible.ForChinatheChang’e­4missionisanimportantachievement,becausethecountryhassuccessfullydonesomethingnoothernationonearthhas.Itwantstobecomealeadingpowerinspaceexplorationandhasannouncedplanstosendastronautstothemoonandsetupitsownspacestation.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国已成为第一个在月球远端成功着陆航天器的国家。中国宣布计划将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站。1．WheredidtheChang’e­4probeland?A．Onthelunarsidefacingtheearth.B．Ontheinvisiblesideofthemoon.C．Inayoungercrateronthemoon.D．Inapreviousspacestation.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，嫦娥四号探测器也于2019年首次登月。它的任务是探索月球永不面对地球的一面。“thesideofthemoonthatneverfacestheearth”即是“theinvisiblesideofthemoon”。月球永不面对地球的一面即是在月球看不见的一面。故选B。2．Whyisthecraftequippedwithacontainer?A．Toseewhatseedscancomeoutonthemoon.B．Tocollectsomeimportantmatteronthemoon.C．Tofindwhethertheseedscangrowonthemoon.D．Tocheckwhethersomemineralsexistonthemoon.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段可知，嫦娥四号上还装有矿物检测仪器，以及一个装有种子的容器，试图用这些种子来创造一个微型生物圈。由此可知，用容器的种子来看看是否能在月球上生长。故选C。3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Thedarksideofthemoonisascoldastheotherside.B．Thebrightsideisyoungerandthinnerthantheotherside.C．Otherplacesinspacemayhardlyreceivesignalsfromthecraft.D．Thetwocamerasonthecraftcansendpicturestotheeartheasily.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thedarksideofthemoonisolderandhasathickersurfacethanthevisibleside.”可知，月球的暗面比能看到的(即亮的)那一面古老、表面要厚些。也就是说亮的那一面比另一面(暗的一面)要年轻些，要薄一些。故选B。4．Accordingtothetext,whatwillChinadointhefuture?A．Chinawilllandmannedspacecraftonthemoon.B．Chinawillbuildanotherspacestationonthemoon.C．Chinawilllaunchmorespaceprobestothemoon.D．Chinawillbecomethefirstcountryinexploringspace.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，中国已宣布有计划将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站。由此可推断出中国将会让载人航天飞机登上月球。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空AlwayswishedtheEarthhadasecondmoon?Thenyouwillbe1tohearthattheChengduAerospaceScienceInstitutehasplanstolaunchmultipleminimoonsoverthenextfewyears.Similartoour2satellite,thelightoftheartificialorb(球体)willbeobtainedfromthesunand3toEarthbyitsmirror­likecoating.Accordingtoitsdesigners,the4oflightbeingreflectedcanbecontrolledfromEarthandthelightcanevenbe5，ifnecessary.Whilethemultipleminimoonswillcertainlyappearpicturesque,theirmainpurposeistoconserve6.TheChengduAerospaceexpertsclaimtheminimoon’sdusk­likeglowwillallowthegovernmenttoeventually7costlystreetlightsincities.TheyestimatethatusingtheartificialsatellitetolightupChengdu’sstreetsatnightwill8thecity1.2billionyuanannually.Sincetheorb’slocationcanbe9moved,itcouldalsobeusedtoshinelightoverdisaster­struckareasthathavelost10.Oncethefirstminimoonis11successfully,theexpertsplantolaunchthree12ones.Together,thesatellites,whichwilltaketurnsdependingontheir13inrelationtothesun,areexpectedto14anareaof3,600to6,400squarekilometers.Whiletheorbswillbe15throughatelescopefromanywhereontheglobe,theirrealbeautywillonlybeseenbyvisitingChengdu.Officials，16，believetheywillbeahugetouristattraction,helpingimprovethecity’s17Asisoftenthecasewithmajor18，someexpertsareconcerned.They19thatthemoonswillhaveanimpactonthesleeppatternsofhumansandanimals.However,officialsbelievethesatelliteswillcauselittle,ifany，20.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。成都航天科技学院计划在未来几年发射“人造月亮”卫星，“人造月亮”的表面有一层涂层，可以用来反射太阳光，储存能源。1．A.pleasedB．surprisedC．alarmedD．relieved解析：选A因为前面一句提到，总是希望地球再由一个月球吗？所以此处指听到在以后几年里成都航天科技学院打算发射多个人造迷你月亮你会感到高兴(pleased)。2．A.traditionalB．uniqueC．naturalD．famous解析：选C此处指类似我们天然的(natural)卫星，这些人造月亮从太阳那儿得到光。3．A.carriedB．reflectedC．introducedD．transformed解析：选B人造月亮的光通过像镜子一样的涂层反射(reflect)到地球。4．A.colourB．speedC．sourceD．amount解析：选D根据语境可知，能从地球上控制被反射的光的数量(amount)。5．A.sentoutB．switchedoffC．givenawayD．turneddown解析：选B如果不要，能关闭这些光。sendout“发出”；switchoff“关闭”；giveaway“赠送，泄露(秘密)”；turndown“拒绝”。6．A.resourcesB．animalsC．farmlandD．space解析：选A虽然多个迷你月球看起来美丽如画，但它们的主要目的是储存能源(resource)。7．A.rebuildB．expandC．improveD．remove解析：选D成都航天科技学院声称人造月亮发出的像黄昏时的光使政府最终除去(remove)城市里昂贵的路灯。8．A.bringB．leaveC．saveD．cost解析：选C他们估计用人造卫星为成都夜晚的街道提供照射，每年可节约电费开支约12亿元。9．A.hardlyB．easilyC．frequentlyD．normally解析：选B因为这种球体的位置很容易(easily)移动，所以能用它照亮一些遭受灾难袭击的地区。10．A.moneyB．homeC．contactD．power解析：选D既然用它照亮一些遭受灾难袭击的地区，这说明受灾地区没有了电力。losepower表示“没有电力”。11．A.travellingB．appearingC．workingD．signaling解析：选C一旦第一颗人造月亮成功运转，专家计划发射另外的三颗。work在此处表示“运转”。12．A.additionalB．specialC．brightD．colourful解析：选A此处表示另外的三颗。additional是形容词，表示“另外的”，此处可以换成more。13．A.sizeB．i