Unit+5+Lesson+1+A+sea+story+定语从句（II）课件【核心素养提升+备课精讲精研】高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册

定语从句AttributiveclauseAttributiveClause/RelativeClause概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词（短语）或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent)。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词relativepronoun引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why注意：

1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要 充当句子成分。

2当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略，当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。

3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。

4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。

5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略并且一定不能用that引导。关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语

关系词（引导词）的作用：

1、连接作用把主句和从句连接起来（可以从句子之间有连词来理解）

2、替代作用在从句中代替在它前面 的先行词

3、成分作用在从句中充当一个成分（区分定语从句和同位语从句）Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/that__________v.下沉ZhangGuorongisapopstar______diedinthefallinMarch,2003.

who/thatBeijingisthecity_________hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.____thecity/getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGameswhich/thatYeXinisanurse_______diedinthefightagainstSARS.anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARSwho/that定语从句的分分合合两句话合成一句话-----合并中了解定语从句（也可以进行一个相逆的过程，分裂中强化定语从句）{Whichwomanisateacher?Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.关系代词的用法：一、由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句。who用作___语，whom用作___语，whose用作___语。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.ThedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisinRoom201.DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?主宾定

DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?→DoyouknowthemanthenameofwhomisWangYu?Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.→Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhichisred.whose+n=the+n+of+which/whoWhichhouseismine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouseIknowthedoctor.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctor

whosedaughterstudiesabroad.Haveyouseenmybook?Thebook’scoverisred.Haveyouseenmybook

whosecoverisred.1.Thestudent______fatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere.2.Iliketherooms______windowsfacesouth.3.Thisisthedesk______legswerebroken.whosewhosewhose二、Which引导的定语从句。which在从句做__语或谓语动词和介词的__语。

Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthe riverisourschool.Thisisthebook(which)youwant.Theroominwhichthereisamachine isaworkshop.主宾

注意：which引导的非限制性定语从句。

Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikevery much.Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whichthe wholefamilyconsideredagreathonor.Sheisalwayslateforclass,whichmakes theteacherangry.非限定性定语从句一定不能用that引导！三、由that引导的定语从句。that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.但不能放在____词后面作宾语。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.(×)Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.(√)Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.(√)介★注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。⑴先行词是________________________________________________

Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.

Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.不定代词all,few,littkemuch,something,nothing,anything等。当先行词是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主从句。Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.⑵先行词被______________________________所修饰。

ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbe forgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhave everseen.⑶先行词被_____________________________等修饰。

Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.序数词、thelast或形容词的最高级all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some⑷先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。

ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑸先行词______________。

Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyremembered.既有人又有物时⑹当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?四、as引导的定语从句:⑴as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成thesame…as,such…as等结构。

Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.⑵as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。Asisknowntoall,hestudiesveryhard.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.注意：which和as的区别是：①which不能放在句首，而as则可以；②在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which没有。③从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，as只可以作宾语，不可以做主语，而which都可以。1、由where引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示____的名词时,常用where引导。Abookofficeisaplacewhereticketsaresold.Where在从句中做_________，相当于一个介词短语。Abookofficeisaplaceinwhichticketsaresold.因此定语从句中关系副词where=_____

+_____.关系副词引导的定语从句：地点地点状语介词whichThisisthehousewherehelives.=Thisisthehouse___________helives.=Thisisthehouse___________helivesin.inwhich(which/that)2、定语从句在修饰一个表示_____的名词时，常用when引导。Istillremembertheyearwhenwestudiedtogether.when在从句中_______________，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词”Istillremembertheyear____________westudiedintogether.Istillremembertheyearinwhichwestudiedtogether.时间时间状语which/that因此定语从句中关系副词when=______+______介词which3、由why引导的定语从句。①关系副词why的先行词只有reason,在从句中表示__________。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?Why在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于forwhich.Doyouknowthereason_____________Ileftearly?②但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which.Thereason___________hegaveuswasunacceptable.forwhichthat/which原因状语关系代词和关系副词的选用。在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。1.Thisisthefactory_____________producesTVsets.Thisisthefactory_________myfatheronceworked.2.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.I’llneverforgettheday________hishousewasbrokeninto.which/thatwherewhich/thatwhen3.Isthisthereason______________hetoldyou?Isthisthereason________hewaslateforclass? which/thatwhy限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切（删去影响整个意思表达）和先行词关系不密切（一种补充说明，删去不影响全句意思的表达）不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that关系代词可省略（但在从句中作宾语）关系代词不可以省略只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分除修饰先行词还可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分暗示被修饰的先行词不是唯一的表示被修饰的先行词是唯一的翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句翻译时先译主句再译从句ExerciseFillintheblacks1.Ihaveafriend__________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4.Myparentsliveinahouse___________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.who/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhich/that7.Isthereanything_______youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceof______wasveryreasonable.10.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.11.Doyoustillremembertheday_____IfirstcametoBeijing?12.I’mgoingtovisittheschool______mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.thatthatwhichthatwhenwhere13.Theretiringteachermadeaspeech_____whichshethankedtheclassforthegift.14.Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?15.Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,______mademeveryhappy.16.______isknown,heissuchabelovedteacher____westudentsallexpected.17.Chinahashundredsofislands,______whichthelargestisTaiwan.18.Heoftenhelpsthestudents____hatwhichAsasofwho19.Hisglasses,_______whichhewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.20.Willthebook______coverisbluebedonatedtotheremoteschool?21.Jimlikestoliveinthehouse___________isontopofagreenhill.22.Jimlikestoliveinthehouse_______hegrewup.23.Jimlikestoliveinthehouse______windowfacesthegreenhill.24.Thereason_____Tomstolethe