2022-2023年浙江省金华市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年浙江省金华市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Oncethepolicebookasuspectunderafakename,itisdifficulttogetthenameoffthelist,because______.

A.itisbannedbypolice

B.thepolicearenotwillingtoremoveit

C.ittakesthepolicealotoftimetoremoveit

D.itmakesthepoliceembarrassed

2.

Spacepolicyisdominatedbypolities.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Nettaxisthedifferencebetweenaperson'sgrosstaxliabilityandany______.

4.

SinceInternethasbecomepanofdailylife,itishighlyessentialto______.

5.

Inbuyinganautomatedphonesystem,＄50,000isalotofmoneyevenforthelargestcompanies.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Thewell-knownRoyalMileinEdinburghis______.

A.acityB.acastleC.apalaceD.aroad

7.

WhenNancyWoods'sfathergottoknowtheir______,heagreedtomoveoutoftheirapartment.

8.

Inallcoastalcities,cellphonenetworkscouldnotkeepupwithdemand.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

BritishcompanieshaveproposeddesignsthataremoresuitablethantheX-33andX-34,butthegovernmentdoesnotsupportit.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Itisprovedthattheuncontrolledactivityoffreeradicalscausedmanycancers.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

DavidVaughan'sgroupfoundthatmostoftheglaciersalongthePeninsulawereinretreat.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Libraryclassificationsystempermitusersto_________________ortodiscoverwhatbooksonaparticularsubjectareheldbythelibrary.

13.

Newtonbelievedthatthepathofaplanetgoingaroundthesunwas______calledanellipse

14.(9)

15.OriginallythecreatorintendedtouseAuto-Tuneto______.

A.changeapoorly-sungsongintoaperfectone

B.makeeveryonesinglikeaprofessionalsinger

C.injectsomevitalityintothepopindustry

D.bringtheflawofpopsongsintopublic

16.Cellphone:yournextcomputer

Onehundrednineteenhours,41minutesand16seconds.That'stheamountoftimeAdamRappoport,ahighschoolseniorinPhiladelphia,hasspenttalkingintohissilverVerizonLGphonesincehegotitasagiftlastChristmas.That'snoteventhefullextentofhishabit.Healsospendscountlessadditionalhoursusinghisphone'sInternetconnectiontochecksportsscores,downloadnewring-tonesandsendshortmessagestohisfriends'phones,eveninthemiddleofclass."Iknowthetouch-tonepadonthephonebetterthanIknowakeyboard,"hesays."I'maphoneguy."

InTokyo,halfwayaroundtheworld,SatoshiKoisoalsocloselyeyeshismobilephone.Koiso,acollegejunior,livesintheglobalcapitaloffancynewgadgets—20percentofallphonesinTokyolinktothefastestmobilenetworksintheworld.TokyoitesusetheirphonestowatchTV,readbooksandmagazinesandplaygames.ButKoisoalsodependsonhisphoneforsomethingsimplerandmoreprofound:ananti-smokingmessagethatpopsuponhissmallscreeneachmorningaspartofaprogramtohelpstudentskickcigarettes.

Technologyrevolutionscomeintwoflavors:greatlyfastandimperceptiblyslow.Thefastkind,likethesuddenubiquityofiPodsortheproliferation(增殖)ofmusic-sharingsitesontheNet,seemtoinstantlyreshapetheculturallahdscape.Theslowerupheavals(巨变)grindawayoverthecourseofdecades,subtlytransformingthewayweliveandwork.

Thereare1.5billioncellphonesintheworldtoday,morethanthreetimesthenumberofPCs.Mobilephonesaresointegraltoourlivesthatit'sdifficulttorememberhowthelifeweevergotonwithoutthem.

Canthecellphoneturnintothenextcomputer?

Asourphonesgetsmarter,smallerandfaster,andenableuserstoconnectathighspeedstotheInternet,anobviousquestionarises:isthemobilehandsetturningintothenextcomputer?Inonesense,italreadyhas.Today'smostsophisticatedphoneshavetheprocessingpowerofamid-1990sPCwhileconsuming100timeslesselectricity.Andmoreandmoreoftoday'sphoneshavecomputer-likefeatures,allowingtheirownerstosende-mail,browsetheWebandeventakephotos;84millionphoneswithdigitalcameraswereshippedlastyear.Changeitintoanothersamequestion,though,toasktowhethermobilephoneswillevereclipse,orreplace,thePC,andtheissuesuddenlybecomesControversial.PCproponentssayphonesaretoosmallandconnecttoosluggishlytotheInternettobecomeeffectiveattasksnowperformedontheluxuriouslylargescreensandkeyboardsoftoday'scomputers.Fansofthephonerespond:justwait.Cominginnovationswillsolvethelimitationsofthephone."Oneday,2or3billionpeoplewillhavecellphones,andtheyareallnotgoingtohavePCs,"saysJeffHawkins,inventorofthePalmPilotandthechieftechnologyofficerofPalmOne."Themobilephonewillbecometheirdigitallife."

Smartcellphones

PalmOneisamongthefirmsracingtotrotoutthefull-featuredcomputer-likephonesthattheindustrydubs"smart-phones".Hawkins'newestproduct,thesleek,pocket-sizeTreo600,hasatinykeyboard,abuilt-indigitalcameraandslotsforaddedmemory,etc.Otherdevicemakershaveintroducedtheirownuniqueversionsofthesmart-phone.Nokia'sN-Gage,launchedlastfall,withanewversiontohitstoresthismonth,playsvideogames.Motorola'supcomingMPxhasanifty"dual-hinge"design:thehandsetopensinonedirectionandlookslikearegularphone,butitalsoflipsopenalonganotheraxisandlookslikeane-maildevice,withtheexpandedphonekeypadservingasasmallQWERTYkeyboard.Thereaxealsosmart-phonesonthewaywithvideocameras,GPSantennasandaccesstolocalWi-Fihotspots,thesnperfastwirelessnetworksoftenfoundinoffices,airp

A.YB.NC.NG

17.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

18.

Theauthorfindsthatifheworksmorethan45hoursaweekattheoffice,hisproductivity______.

19.

DollyMadisononceinvitedthechildrenofWashingtontorollboiledeggsdownthehillylawnof______.

20.TheMostImportantSecretAboutTrust

WhatIsTrust?

Youknowwhenyouhavetrust;youknowwhenyoudon'thavetrust.Yet,whatistrustandhowistrustusefullydefinedfortheworkplace?Canyoubuildtrustwhenitdoesn'texist?Howdoyoumaintainandbuilduponthetrustyoumaycurrentlyhaveinyourworkplace?Theseareimportantquestionsfortoday'srapidlychangingworld.

Trustformsthefoundationforeffectivecommunication,employeeretention,andemployeemotivationandcontributionofdiscretionary(自由决定的)energy,theextraeffortthatpeoplevoluntarilyinvestinwork.Whentrustexistsinanorganizationorinarelationship,almosteverythingiseasiertoachieve.

AccordingtoDr.DuaneC.Tway,Jr.inhis1993dissertation,AConstructofTrust,"Thereexiststoday,nopracticalconstructofTrustthatallowsustodesignandimplementorganizationalinterventionstosignificantlyincreasetrustlevelsbetweenpeople.WeallthinkweknowwhatTrustisfromourownexperience,butwedon'tknowmuchabouthowtoimproveit.Why?IbelieveitisbecausewehavebeentaughttolookatTrustasifitwereasingleentity."

TheThreeConstructsofTrust

Twaydefinestrustas"thestateofreadinessforunguardedinteractionwithsomeoneorsomething".Hedevelopedamodeloftrustthatincludesthreecomponents.Hecallstrustaconstructbecauseitis"constructed"ofthesethreecomponents:thecapacityfortrusting,theperceptionofcompetence,andtheperceptionofintentions.Thinkingabouttrustasmadeupoftheinteractionandexistenceofthesethreecomponentsmakes"trust"easiertounderstand.Thecapacityfortrustingmeansthatyourlifeexperienceshavedevelopedyourcurrentcapacityandwillingnesstorisktrustingothers.Theperceptionofcompetenceismadeupofyourperceptionofyourabilityandtheabilityofotherswithwhomyouworkinyourcurrentsituation.Theperceptionofintentions,asdefinedbyTway,isyourperceptionthattheactions,words,missions,ordecisionsaremotivatedbymutually-servingratherthanself-servingmotives.

WhyTrustIsCriticalinaHealthyOrganization?

Howimportantisbuildingatrustingworkenvironment?AccordingtoTway,peoplehavebeeninterestedintrustsinceAristotle.Twaystates,"Aristotle(384BC-322BC),writingintheRhetoric,suggestedthatEthos,theTrustofaspeakerbythelistener,wasbasedonthelistener'sperceptionofthreecharacteristicsofthespeaker.Aristotlebelievedthesethreecharacteristicstobetheintelligenceofthespeaker(correctnessofopinions,orcompeten'ce),thecharacterofthespeaker(reliability--acompetencefactor,andhonest--measureofintentions),andthegoodwillofthespeaker(favorableintentionstowardthelistener).Idon'tthinkthishaschangedmucheventoday."

AdditionalresearchbyTwayandothersshowsthattrustisthebasisformuchoftheenvironmentyouwanttocreateinyourworkplace.Trustisthenecessaryprecursor(先兆)for:

?feelingabletorelyuponaperson,

?cooperatingwithandexperiencingteamworkwithagroup,

?takingthoughtfulrisks,and

?experiencingbelievablecommunication.

HowtoMaintainTrust?

Thebestwaytomaintainatrustingworkenvironmentistokeepfrominjuringtrustinthefirstplace.Theintegrityoftheleadershipoftheorganizationiscritical.Thetruthfulnessandtransparencyofthecommunicationwithstaffisalsoacriticalfactor.Thepresenceofastrong,unifyingmissionandvisioncanalsopromoteatrustingenvironment.

Providinginformationabouttherationale,background,andthoughtprocessesbehinddecisionsisalsoanimportantaspectofmaintainingtrust.Anotherisorganizationalsuccess;peo

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(36)

A.Indreamswesolvethoseproblems.

B.Afterdreamingweforgetourproblems.

C.Afterdreamingwehaveaclearmind.

D.Itgivesuswaystodealwiththeproblems.

22.(40)

23.(28)

A.Aplatform.worker.

B.Acomputer.

C.Thecommandspot.

D.Amachine.

24.听力原文：W:HowcomeJimlosthisjob?

M:Ididn'tsayhehadlostit.AllIsaidwasifhedidn'tgetoutandstartedsellingafewcarsinsteadofidlingaroundallday,hemightnotrindhimselflookingforanewjob.

Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutJim?

(18)

A.Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.

B.Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.

C.Hemightgetfired.

D.Hehaslosthisjob

25.(42)

26.听力原文：M:Hey,Jane.What'ssointeresting?

W:Hi,Tom.I'mreadingthisfascinatingarticleonthesocietiesoftheIceAge.

M:(19)TheIceAge?Thereweren'tanysocietiesthen,justagroupofpeoplelivinginthecave.

W:That'swhatpeopleusedtothink.ButanewexhibitoftheAmericamuseumofnaturalhistoryshowedIceAgepeopleweresurprisinglyadvanced.Youmayneverhearofit.

M:Oh,really?Inwhatways?

W:(20)Well,IceAgepeopleweretheinventorsoflanguage,art,andmusicasweknowit.Andtheydidn'tliveincaves,theybuilttheirownshelters.

M:Whatdidtheyusetobuildthem?Thecoldweatherwouldhavekilledoffmostofthetreessotheycouldn'thaveusedwood.Ofcoursetheycouldn'tliveintheiceblocks.

W:Insomeofthewarmerclimate,theydidbuildthehousesofwood.Inotherplaces,theyusedanimalbonesandskinsorlivedinnaturalstoneshelters.

M:Howdidtheystaywarm?Animalskinwailsdon'tsoundverysturdy(坚固的).

W:(21)Well,itsaysherethatintheearlyIceAge,theyoftenfacedthehousetowardssouthtotaketheadvantageofthesun,aprimitivesortofsolarheating.

M:Hey,that'sprettysmart.Butwhennightcomes,itisstillaproblemtokeepwarm.

W:Theyhadsomesolution.PeopleinthelateIceAgeeveninsulatedtheirhomesbyputtingheatedstonesonthefloor.Theyalsohavesomecreativewaystomaketheirlifebetter.

M:Allthesesoundinteresting.(22)CanIreadthatmagazinearticleafteryou'redone?IthinkIcanusesomeoftheknowledgeformyrecentpaper.

W:Yes,sure.

(23)

A.Theylivedincaves.

B.Theytraveledingroups.

C.Theyhadanadvancedlanguage.

D.Theyatemostlyfruits.

27.(21)

A.Togivetravelinformationtopassengers.

B.Toknowhiswayaroundthecityverywell.

C.Tospendalotoftimewaitingatstations.

D.Topredictwherehecanpickupapassenger.

28.听力原文：M:Calmdown!They'llcallthepostdoctoralcandidates'namesinaminute.HaveyoufoundJimmy?

W:Notyet.It'shardtorecognizehim.Theyalllookalikewiththoseblackrobeson.

Q:Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(13)

A.Atahospital.

B.Atagraduation.

C.Atawedding.

D.Inadoctor'soffice.

29.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Therearemanykindsoflibrariesintheworld.Andwecouldborrowbooksorgettheinformationfromit.Theymaybe【B1】______,school,collegeandmostof【B2】______orsomeothers.Wemaycallthemas【B3】______librariessuchasthoseinhospital,businesses,【B4】______,orservicedepartmentand【B5】______.Someoftheselibrariesarefor【B6】______childrenandadult,andmostofthemareadults.Somearealmost【B7】______forchildrenandsomeareforadultsonly.Perhapsthefirstlibrarythatchildrenlearntouseisthehomelibrary.Insmallhousesor【B8】______,thehomelibrarymaybenomorethanafewbookskeptinabookcase.【B9】______.

Homelibrariesusuallyhavebooksforallmembersofthefamily.【B10】______.Thesereferencebooksmayincludecookbooks,birdorflowerbooks,dictionaries,andencyclopedias.

Manygradeschoolsandhighschoolshavelibrariesforpupilsandteacherstouse.Schoollibrarieshavebooksandotherprintedmaterialsforclassroomuseaswellasbooksthatstudentsreadjustforfun,orbecauseofaninterestinasubject.【B11】______.Thisiscalledacentralizedlibrary.Theremayalsobeclassroomlibraries,usuallysmallcollectionsofbookslaidonafewshelvesortablesinonecornerofeachoftheclassrooms.

【B1】

30.听力原文：M：Marry，howdoyoufeelaboutthislatesttaxincrease?

W：Well，asfarasIarilconcerned，itisofcourseregrettable．Butitisnecessaryfortheeconomicpolicy，Iamafraid．

Q：Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(18)

A.Themanisagainstthelatesttaxincrease.

B.Thewomanisforthelatesttaxincreaseheavily.

C.Thewomanisindifferenttothetaxincrease.

D.Personally，thewomandoesn'tlikethetaxincrease.

31.(35)

A.Afour-manband,wearingcartooncharacters'costume.

B.Avirtualband,representedbyfourcartooncharacters.

C.Acyberband,winningtheGuinnessMusicReward.

D.Ateenagerband,publishingtheirmusicontheirwebsite.

32.(15)

A.Sellhistextbooks.

B.Getsomeextrahelp.

C.Gotothebank.

D.Applyforthejob

33.(31)

A.Providemoreoutdoorclothingandapparatus.

B.Turntheirattentiontofemalecustomers.

C.Maketheshoppingareaascomfortableashome.

D.Maketheshoppingenvironmentmoreexciting.

34.(26)

A.FamousScottishwhiskey.

B.Scottishsweaters.

C.Castlerocks.

D.AsouvenirofHolyroodPalace.

35.(32)

A.Ithelpschildrentomaketheirowndecisions.

B.Itgivesameasureofchoiceinmakingdecisionsabouthowthemoneyisspent.

C.Itgivesasenseofindependence.

D.Itcansatisfythechildren'snecessities.

36.听力原文：W:Won'tyoutakethecar?It'squitecheap.

MI'mhavingsecondthoughtsaboutbuyingthecar.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(15)

A.He'snotsosuretobuythecar.

B.He'sreadytobuythatcar.

C.He'scertaintobuythecar.

D.He'safraidtobuythatcar.

37.

【B4】

38.听力原文：Ourenvironmentisbeingpollutedfasterthanthenatureandman'spresenteffortscanpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,moremotorvehicles,largercities,andthegrowinguseofman-madematerials.

Whatcanexplainandsolvethisproblem?Thefactisthatpollutioniscausedbyman--byhisdesireforamodernwayoflife.Wemake"increasingindustrialization"ourchiefaim.Foritssake,wearewillingtosacrificeeverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthandthefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthecountrysideintothecities,eagerforthebenefitsofmodernsociety.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelasttwentyyears,Sopollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.

Isn'tittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoingandwhy?Itremindsoneofthestoriesabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhispassengersovertheloudspeaker:"I'vesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwe'remakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.Thebadnewsisthatwearelostanddon'tknowwherewe'regoing."Thesadfactisthatthisbecomesatruestorywhenappliedtoourmodernsociety.

(30)

A.It'sbecausetherearemanydevelopingnations.

B.It'sbecausepeopleusetoomanyman-madematerials.

C.It'sbecausewehavemoreandmoreindustry.

D.It'sbecausewearebuildingmorevehicles.

39.(16)

A.12:15.B.1:00.C.1:10D.12:30.

40.(46)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Theword"errant"(Para.2)mostprobablymeans______.

A.difficultB.tightC.correctD.remarkable

42.

Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirstparagraph?

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

43.

Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreeaboutthetranslationmistakes?

A.Manyinternationalcompaniesmaketranslationmistakesinadvertising.

B.Translationmistakeshavetheworstimpactonacompany'smarketing.

C.Translationmistakesaremadeduetothetranslators'ignoranceofculturaldistinctions.

D.Word-for-wordtranslationshouldbeabandonedinordertoavoidtranslationmistakes.

44.

Therawmaterialofthebiologicalscienceshasbeensubjectedto______.

45.

Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat______.

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

46.

Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears______.

A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

C.manknowsnothingaboutDNA

D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

47.

Oneimportantaspecttheoldshouldlearnfromtheyoungisthat______.

A.theyshouldfullyenjoylifeandrejectworries

B.theyshouldexpectabetterfutureandcherishthehardpasttime

C.theyshouldtrytointegrateleisureinwork

D.theyshouldlearntoindulgeinmateriallife

48.

WhycouldAmericaneconomybecomethestrongestintheworld?

49.

Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat______.

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

50.

AccordingtothepassagewecanseethatLiuXianghashad______experiencesbeforereachingworld-widefame.

51.

Inghaminsiststhathertestimonyisbasedon______.

A.evidenceprovidedbytheEPAoftheUnitedStates

B.theresultsofanexperimentsheconductedherself

C.evidencefromhercollaborativeresearchwithGermanbiologists

D.theresultsofextensivefieldtestsinCorvallis,Oregon

52.

LordLothiansaidmostoftheancienthouseswere______.

A.tobeprotectedbythegovernment

B.decayingthroughlackofmoneyfortheirrepair

C.keptingoodconditionforthetimebeing

D.doomedtodecaywithoutgoodpreservation

53.

Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

A.kind-heartedly

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

54.

【C8】

55.ItisnotoftenrealizedthatwomenheldahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asawife,thewomanwasprotectedbythesettingupofadowryordecimum.Admittedly,thepurposeofthiswastoprotectheragainsttheriskofdesertion,butinrealityitsfunctioninthesocialandfamilylifeofthetimewasmuchmoreimportant.Thedecimumwasthewife'sfighttoreceiveatenthofallherhusband'sproperty.Thewifehadtherighttowithholdconsent,inalltransactionsthehusbandwouldmake.Andmorethanjustafight:thedocumentsshowthatsheenjoyedarealpowerofdecision,equaltothatofherhusband.InnocasedothedocumentsindicateanydegreeofdifferenceinthelegalStatusofhnbandandWife.

Thewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband'spersonalproperty,buttheoppositewasnotalwaysture.Womenseemedperfectlyabletodefendtheirowninheritanceagainsthusbandswhotriedtoexceedtheirrights;andonoccasiontheyshowedafinefightingspirit.AcaseinpointisthatofMafiaVivas,aCatalanwomanofBarcelona.HavingagreedwithherhusbandMirotosellafieldshehadinherited,fortheneedsofthehousehold,sheinsistedoncompensation.Nonebeingoffered,shesucceededindraggingherhusbandtothescribetohaveacontractdulydrawnupassigningherapieceoflandfromMiro'spersonalinheritance.Theunfortunatehusbandwasobligedtoagree,asthecontractsays,"forthesakeofpeace".Eitherthroughthedowryorthroughbeinghot-tempered,theCatalanwifeknewhowtowinherself,withinthecontextofthefamily,apowerfuleconomicposition.

Adecimumwas______.

A.thewife'sinheritancefromherfather

B.agiftofmoneytothenewhusband

C.awrittencontract

D.thewife'srighttoreceiveone-tenthofherhusband'sproperty

56.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Motorwaysarenodoubtthesafestroadsinthecountry.Mileformile,vehicleforvehicleyouaremuchlesslikelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredthanonanordinary,road.Ontheotherhand,motorwayshaveafarbetteraccidentrecordthananyotherpartofournationalroadsystembecauseofthespeedandvolumeoftraffic.Ifyoudohaveaseriousaccidentonamotorway,fatalitiesaremuchmorelikelytooccurthaninacomparableaccidentelsewhereontheroads.Itisreportedthatmotorwayaccidentsaccountforsome10%ofallinjuriesoutsideurbanareas.

Motorwayshavenosharp,bends,noroundaboutsortrafficlightsandthusspeedsaremuchgreaterthanonotherroads.Thoughthe70m.p.h,limitisstillinforce,itisoftentreatedwiththecontemptthatmostdrivershaveforthe30m.p.h,limitappliedinbuilt-upareasinBritain.Addedtothisisthefactthatmotorwaydriversseemtoliketravelinginconvoyswithperhapsbarelytenmetersbetweeneachvehicle.Theresultinghorrificpile-upsinvolvingmaybehundredvehicleswhenonevehiclestopsforsomereason—mechanicalfailure,drivererrorandsoon—havebecomealltoofamiliarthroughpicturesinnewspapersorontelevision.Howmanyofthesedrivesrealizethatittakesacaraboutonehundredmeterstobraketoastopfrom70m.p.h.?Driversalsoseemtothinkthatmotorwaydrivinggivesthemcompleteimmunityfromthecaprices(多变)oftheweather.Howeverwettheroad,whateverthevisibilityinmistorfog,theyploughatludicrous(滑稽的)speedsoblivious(不以为然的)ofpolicewarningsorspeedrestrictionsuntiltheirjourneycomestoaprematureconclusion.

Perhapsoneremedyforthismotorwaymadnesswouldbebetterdrivereducation.TwentyeightpercentofthemotorcyclistspolledforNationalMotorwayMonthwantedmotoriststoreceiveformaltraininginmotorwaydrivingbeforebeingalloweddownasliproad.Atpresent.learnerdriversarebarredfrommotorwaysandarethusasfarasthiskindofdrivingisconcerned,throwninatthedeepend.Howevermuchmoreefficientpolicingisrequiredof,itisthedutyofthepolicenotonlytoenforcethelawbutalsotoprotectthegeneralpublicfromitsownfolly.

Accordingtothewriter,asfarassafetyisconcerned,thetwosidesofdrivingonmotorwaysarethatmotorwaysare______.

57.

【C2】

58.

Simplethingslikewritingthethingsthatyouaregratefulforhathejournalcaninfluence______.

59.Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintinginCriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonaPatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternity(父亲的身份)whereitisnotclearwhoisthefatherof,aparticularchild.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.

DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.

Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass,andDanielL.HartlofWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,Mo.LewontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcan-notproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthat