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2022-2023年浙江省金华市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
Oncethepolicebookasuspectunderafakename,itisdifficulttogetthenameoffthelist,because______.
A.itisbannedbypolice
B.thepolicearenotwillingtoremoveit
C.ittakesthepolicealotoftimetoremoveit
D.itmakesthepoliceembarrassed
2.
Spacepolicyisdominatedbypolities.
A.YB.NC.NG
3.
Nettaxisthedifferencebetweenaperson'sgrosstaxliabilityandany______.
4.
SinceInternethasbecomepanofdailylife,itishighlyessentialto______.
5.
Inbuyinganautomatedphonesystem,$50,000isalotofmoneyevenforthelargestcompanies.
A.YB.NC.NG
6.
Thewell-knownRoyalMileinEdinburghis______.
A.acityB.acastleC.apalaceD.aroad
7.
WhenNancyWoods'sfathergottoknowtheir______,heagreedtomoveoutoftheirapartment.
8.
Inallcoastalcities,cellphonenetworkscouldnotkeepupwithdemand.
A.YB.NC.NG
9.
BritishcompanieshaveproposeddesignsthataremoresuitablethantheX-33andX-34,butthegovernmentdoesnotsupportit.
A.YB.NC.NG
10.
Itisprovedthattheuncontrolledactivityoffreeradicalscausedmanycancers.
A.YB.NC.NG
11.
DavidVaughan'sgroupfoundthatmostoftheglaciersalongthePeninsulawereinretreat.
A.YB.NC.NG
12.
Libraryclassificationsystempermitusersto_________________ortodiscoverwhatbooksonaparticularsubjectareheldbythelibrary.
13.
Newtonbelievedthatthepathofaplanetgoingaroundthesunwas______calledanellipse
14.(9)
15.OriginallythecreatorintendedtouseAuto-Tuneto______.
A.changeapoorly-sungsongintoaperfectone
B.makeeveryonesinglikeaprofessionalsinger
C.injectsomevitalityintothepopindustry
D.bringtheflawofpopsongsintopublic
16.Cellphone:yournextcomputer
Onehundrednineteenhours,41minutesand16seconds.That'stheamountoftimeAdamRappoport,ahighschoolseniorinPhiladelphia,hasspenttalkingintohissilverVerizonLGphonesincehegotitasagiftlastChristmas.That'snoteventhefullextentofhishabit.Healsospendscountlessadditionalhoursusinghisphone'sInternetconnectiontochecksportsscores,downloadnewring-tonesandsendshortmessagestohisfriends'phones,eveninthemiddleofclass."Iknowthetouch-tonepadonthephonebetterthanIknowakeyboard,"hesays."I'maphoneguy."
InTokyo,halfwayaroundtheworld,SatoshiKoisoalsocloselyeyeshismobilephone.Koiso,acollegejunior,livesintheglobalcapitaloffancynewgadgets—20percentofallphonesinTokyolinktothefastestmobilenetworksintheworld.TokyoitesusetheirphonestowatchTV,readbooksandmagazinesandplaygames.ButKoisoalsodependsonhisphoneforsomethingsimplerandmoreprofound:ananti-smokingmessagethatpopsuponhissmallscreeneachmorningaspartofaprogramtohelpstudentskickcigarettes.
Technologyrevolutionscomeintwoflavors:greatlyfastandimperceptiblyslow.Thefastkind,likethesuddenubiquityofiPodsortheproliferation(增殖)ofmusic-sharingsitesontheNet,seemtoinstantlyreshapetheculturallahdscape.Theslowerupheavals(巨变)grindawayoverthecourseofdecades,subtlytransformingthewayweliveandwork.
Thereare1.5billioncellphonesintheworldtoday,morethanthreetimesthenumberofPCs.Mobilephonesaresointegraltoourlivesthatit'sdifficulttorememberhowthelifeweevergotonwithoutthem.
Canthecellphoneturnintothenextcomputer?
Asourphonesgetsmarter,smallerandfaster,andenableuserstoconnectathighspeedstotheInternet,anobviousquestionarises:isthemobilehandsetturningintothenextcomputer?Inonesense,italreadyhas.Today'smostsophisticatedphoneshavetheprocessingpowerofamid-1990sPCwhileconsuming100timeslesselectricity.Andmoreandmoreoftoday'sphoneshavecomputer-likefeatures,allowingtheirownerstosende-mail,browsetheWebandeventakephotos;84millionphoneswithdigitalcameraswereshippedlastyear.Changeitintoanothersamequestion,though,toasktowhethermobilephoneswillevereclipse,orreplace,thePC,andtheissuesuddenlybecomesControversial.PCproponentssayphonesaretoosmallandconnecttoosluggishlytotheInternettobecomeeffectiveattasksnowperformedontheluxuriouslylargescreensandkeyboardsoftoday'scomputers.Fansofthephonerespond:justwait.Cominginnovationswillsolvethelimitationsofthephone."Oneday,2or3billionpeoplewillhavecellphones,andtheyareallnotgoingtohavePCs,"saysJeffHawkins,inventorofthePalmPilotandthechieftechnologyofficerofPalmOne."Themobilephonewillbecometheirdigitallife."
Smartcellphones
PalmOneisamongthefirmsracingtotrotoutthefull-featuredcomputer-likephonesthattheindustrydubs"smart-phones".Hawkins'newestproduct,thesleek,pocket-sizeTreo600,hasatinykeyboard,abuilt-indigitalcameraandslotsforaddedmemory,etc.Otherdevicemakershaveintroducedtheirownuniqueversionsofthesmart-phone.Nokia'sN-Gage,launchedlastfall,withanewversiontohitstoresthismonth,playsvideogames.Motorola'supcomingMPxhasanifty"dual-hinge"design:thehandsetopensinonedirectionandlookslikearegularphone,butitalsoflipsopenalonganotheraxisandlookslikeane-maildevice,withtheexpandedphonekeypadservingasasmallQWERTYkeyboard.Thereaxealsosmart-phonesonthewaywithvideocameras,GPSantennasandaccesstolocalWi-Fihotspots,thesnperfastwirelessnetworksoftenfoundinoffices,airp
A.YB.NC.NG
17.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?
A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.
18.
Theauthorfindsthatifheworksmorethan45hoursaweekattheoffice,hisproductivity______.
19.
DollyMadisononceinvitedthechildrenofWashingtontorollboiledeggsdownthehillylawnof______.
20.TheMostImportantSecretAboutTrust
WhatIsTrust?
Youknowwhenyouhavetrust;youknowwhenyoudon'thavetrust.Yet,whatistrustandhowistrustusefullydefinedfortheworkplace?Canyoubuildtrustwhenitdoesn'texist?Howdoyoumaintainandbuilduponthetrustyoumaycurrentlyhaveinyourworkplace?Theseareimportantquestionsfortoday'srapidlychangingworld.
Trustformsthefoundationforeffectivecommunication,employeeretention,andemployeemotivationandcontributionofdiscretionary(自由决定的)energy,theextraeffortthatpeoplevoluntarilyinvestinwork.Whentrustexistsinanorganizationorinarelationship,almosteverythingiseasiertoachieve.
AccordingtoDr.DuaneC.Tway,Jr.inhis1993dissertation,AConstructofTrust,"Thereexiststoday,nopracticalconstructofTrustthatallowsustodesignandimplementorganizationalinterventionstosignificantlyincreasetrustlevelsbetweenpeople.WeallthinkweknowwhatTrustisfromourownexperience,butwedon'tknowmuchabouthowtoimproveit.Why?IbelieveitisbecausewehavebeentaughttolookatTrustasifitwereasingleentity."
TheThreeConstructsofTrust
Twaydefinestrustas"thestateofreadinessforunguardedinteractionwithsomeoneorsomething".Hedevelopedamodeloftrustthatincludesthreecomponents.Hecallstrustaconstructbecauseitis"constructed"ofthesethreecomponents:thecapacityfortrusting,theperceptionofcompetence,andtheperceptionofintentions.Thinkingabouttrustasmadeupoftheinteractionandexistenceofthesethreecomponentsmakes"trust"easiertounderstand.Thecapacityfortrustingmeansthatyourlifeexperienceshavedevelopedyourcurrentcapacityandwillingnesstorisktrustingothers.Theperceptionofcompetenceismadeupofyourperceptionofyourabilityandtheabilityofotherswithwhomyouworkinyourcurrentsituation.Theperceptionofintentions,asdefinedbyTway,isyourperceptionthattheactions,words,missions,ordecisionsaremotivatedbymutually-servingratherthanself-servingmotives.
WhyTrustIsCriticalinaHealthyOrganization?
Howimportantisbuildingatrustingworkenvironment?AccordingtoTway,peoplehavebeeninterestedintrustsinceAristotle.Twaystates,"Aristotle(384BC-322BC),writingintheRhetoric,suggestedthatEthos,theTrustofaspeakerbythelistener,wasbasedonthelistener'sperceptionofthreecharacteristicsofthespeaker.Aristotlebelievedthesethreecharacteristicstobetheintelligenceofthespeaker(correctnessofopinions,orcompeten'ce),thecharacterofthespeaker(reliability--acompetencefactor,andhonest--measureofintentions),andthegoodwillofthespeaker(favorableintentionstowardthelistener).Idon'tthinkthishaschangedmucheventoday."
AdditionalresearchbyTwayandothersshowsthattrustisthebasisformuchoftheenvironmentyouwanttocreateinyourworkplace.Trustisthenecessaryprecursor(先兆)for:
?feelingabletorelyuponaperson,
?cooperatingwithandexperiencingteamworkwithagroup,
?takingthoughtfulrisks,and
?experiencingbelievablecommunication.
HowtoMaintainTrust?
Thebestwaytomaintainatrustingworkenvironmentistokeepfrominjuringtrustinthefirstplace.Theintegrityoftheleadershipoftheorganizationiscritical.Thetruthfulnessandtransparencyofthecommunicationwithstaffisalsoacriticalfactor.Thepresenceofastrong,unifyingmissionandvisioncanalsopromoteatrustingenvironment.
Providinginformationabouttherationale,background,andthoughtprocessesbehinddecisionsisalsoanimportantaspectofmaintainingtrust.Anotherisorganizationalsuccess;peo
A.YB.NC.NG
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(36)
A.Indreamswesolvethoseproblems.
B.Afterdreamingweforgetourproblems.
C.Afterdreamingwehaveaclearmind.
D.Itgivesuswaystodealwiththeproblems.
22.(40)
23.(28)
A.Aplatform.worker.
B.Acomputer.
C.Thecommandspot.
D.Amachine.
24.听力原文:W:HowcomeJimlosthisjob?
M:Ididn'tsayhehadlostit.AllIsaidwasifhedidn'tgetoutandstartedsellingafewcarsinsteadofidlingaroundallday,hemightnotrindhimselflookingforanewjob.
Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutJim?
(18)
A.Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.
B.Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.
C.Hemightgetfired.
D.Hehaslosthisjob
25.(42)
26.听力原文:M:Hey,Jane.What'ssointeresting?
W:Hi,Tom.I'mreadingthisfascinatingarticleonthesocietiesoftheIceAge.
M:(19)TheIceAge?Thereweren'tanysocietiesthen,justagroupofpeoplelivinginthecave.
W:That'swhatpeopleusedtothink.ButanewexhibitoftheAmericamuseumofnaturalhistoryshowedIceAgepeopleweresurprisinglyadvanced.Youmayneverhearofit.
M:Oh,really?Inwhatways?
W:(20)Well,IceAgepeopleweretheinventorsoflanguage,art,andmusicasweknowit.Andtheydidn'tliveincaves,theybuilttheirownshelters.
M:Whatdidtheyusetobuildthem?Thecoldweatherwouldhavekilledoffmostofthetreessotheycouldn'thaveusedwood.Ofcoursetheycouldn'tliveintheiceblocks.
W:Insomeofthewarmerclimate,theydidbuildthehousesofwood.Inotherplaces,theyusedanimalbonesandskinsorlivedinnaturalstoneshelters.
M:Howdidtheystaywarm?Animalskinwailsdon'tsoundverysturdy(坚固的).
W:(21)Well,itsaysherethatintheearlyIceAge,theyoftenfacedthehousetowardssouthtotaketheadvantageofthesun,aprimitivesortofsolarheating.
M:Hey,that'sprettysmart.Butwhennightcomes,itisstillaproblemtokeepwarm.
W:Theyhadsomesolution.PeopleinthelateIceAgeeveninsulatedtheirhomesbyputtingheatedstonesonthefloor.Theyalsohavesomecreativewaystomaketheirlifebetter.
M:Allthesesoundinteresting.(22)CanIreadthatmagazinearticleafteryou'redone?IthinkIcanusesomeoftheknowledgeformyrecentpaper.
W:Yes,sure.
(23)
A.Theylivedincaves.
B.Theytraveledingroups.
C.Theyhadanadvancedlanguage.
D.Theyatemostlyfruits.
27.(21)
A.Togivetravelinformationtopassengers.
B.Toknowhiswayaroundthecityverywell.
C.Tospendalotoftimewaitingatstations.
D.Topredictwherehecanpickupapassenger.
28.听力原文:M:Calmdown!They'llcallthepostdoctoralcandidates'namesinaminute.HaveyoufoundJimmy?
W:Notyet.It'shardtorecognizehim.Theyalllookalikewiththoseblackrobeson.
Q:Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
(13)
A.Atahospital.
B.Atagraduation.
C.Atawedding.
D.Inadoctor'soffice.
29.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
Therearemanykindsoflibrariesintheworld.Andwecouldborrowbooksorgettheinformationfromit.Theymaybe【B1】______,school,collegeandmostof【B2】______orsomeothers.Wemaycallthemas【B3】______librariessuchasthoseinhospital,businesses,【B4】______,orservicedepartmentand【B5】______.Someoftheselibrariesarefor【B6】______childrenandadult,andmostofthemareadults.Somearealmost【B7】______forchildrenandsomeareforadultsonly.Perhapsthefirstlibrarythatchildrenlearntouseisthehomelibrary.Insmallhousesor【B8】______,thehomelibrarymaybenomorethanafewbookskeptinabookcase.【B9】______.
Homelibrariesusuallyhavebooksforallmembersofthefamily.【B10】______.Thesereferencebooksmayincludecookbooks,birdorflowerbooks,dictionaries,andencyclopedias.
Manygradeschoolsandhighschoolshavelibrariesforpupilsandteacherstouse.Schoollibrarieshavebooksandotherprintedmaterialsforclassroomuseaswellasbooksthatstudentsreadjustforfun,orbecauseofaninterestinasubject.【B11】______.Thisiscalledacentralizedlibrary.Theremayalsobeclassroomlibraries,usuallysmallcollectionsofbookslaidonafewshelvesortablesinonecornerofeachoftheclassrooms.
【B1】
30.听力原文:M:Marry,howdoyoufeelaboutthislatesttaxincrease?
W:Well,asfarasIarilconcerned,itisofcourseregrettable.Butitisnecessaryfortheeconomicpolicy,Iamafraid.
Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?
(18)
A.Themanisagainstthelatesttaxincrease.
B.Thewomanisforthelatesttaxincreaseheavily.
C.Thewomanisindifferenttothetaxincrease.
D.Personally,thewomandoesn'tlikethetaxincrease.
31.(35)
A.Afour-manband,wearingcartooncharacters'costume.
B.Avirtualband,representedbyfourcartooncharacters.
C.Acyberband,winningtheGuinnessMusicReward.
D.Ateenagerband,publishingtheirmusicontheirwebsite.
32.(15)
A.Sellhistextbooks.
B.Getsomeextrahelp.
C.Gotothebank.
D.Applyforthejob
33.(31)
A.Providemoreoutdoorclothingandapparatus.
B.Turntheirattentiontofemalecustomers.
C.Maketheshoppingareaascomfortableashome.
D.Maketheshoppingenvironmentmoreexciting.
34.(26)
A.FamousScottishwhiskey.
B.Scottishsweaters.
C.Castlerocks.
D.AsouvenirofHolyroodPalace.
35.(32)
A.Ithelpschildrentomaketheirowndecisions.
B.Itgivesameasureofchoiceinmakingdecisionsabouthowthemoneyisspent.
C.Itgivesasenseofindependence.
D.Itcansatisfythechildren'snecessities.
36.听力原文:W:Won'tyoutakethecar?It'squitecheap.
MI'mhavingsecondthoughtsaboutbuyingthecar.
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
(15)
A.He'snotsosuretobuythecar.
B.He'sreadytobuythatcar.
C.He'scertaintobuythecar.
D.He'safraidtobuythatcar.
37.
【B4】
38.听力原文:Ourenvironmentisbeingpollutedfasterthanthenatureandman'spresenteffortscanpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,moremotorvehicles,largercities,andthegrowinguseofman-madematerials.
Whatcanexplainandsolvethisproblem?Thefactisthatpollutioniscausedbyman--byhisdesireforamodernwayoflife.Wemake"increasingindustrialization"ourchiefaim.Foritssake,wearewillingtosacrificeeverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthandthefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthecountrysideintothecities,eagerforthebenefitsofmodernsociety.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelasttwentyyears,Sopollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.
Isn'tittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoingandwhy?Itremindsoneofthestoriesabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhispassengersovertheloudspeaker:"I'vesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwe'remakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.Thebadnewsisthatwearelostanddon'tknowwherewe'regoing."Thesadfactisthatthisbecomesatruestorywhenappliedtoourmodernsociety.
(30)
A.It'sbecausetherearemanydevelopingnations.
B.It'sbecausepeopleusetoomanyman-madematerials.
C.It'sbecausewehavemoreandmoreindustry.
D.It'sbecausewearebuildingmorevehicles.
39.(16)
A.12:15.B.1:00.C.1:10D.12:30.
40.(46)
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.
Theword"errant"(Para.2)mostprobablymeans______.
A.difficultB.tightC.correctD.remarkable
42.
Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirstparagraph?
A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.
B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.
C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.
D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.
43.
Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreeaboutthetranslationmistakes?
A.Manyinternationalcompaniesmaketranslationmistakesinadvertising.
B.Translationmistakeshavetheworstimpactonacompany'smarketing.
C.Translationmistakesaremadeduetothetranslators'ignoranceofculturaldistinctions.
D.Word-for-wordtranslationshouldbeabandonedinordertoavoidtranslationmistakes.
44.
Therawmaterialofthebiologicalscienceshasbeensubjectedto______.
45.
Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat______.
A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs
B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife
C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence
D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence
46.
Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears______.
A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary
B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine
C.manknowsnothingaboutDNA
D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA
47.
Oneimportantaspecttheoldshouldlearnfromtheyoungisthat______.
A.theyshouldfullyenjoylifeandrejectworries
B.theyshouldexpectabetterfutureandcherishthehardpasttime
C.theyshouldtrytointegrateleisureinwork
D.theyshouldlearntoindulgeinmateriallife
48.
WhycouldAmericaneconomybecomethestrongestintheworld?
49.
Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat______.
A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted
B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases
C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive
D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable
50.
AccordingtothepassagewecanseethatLiuXianghashad______experiencesbeforereachingworld-widefame.
51.
Inghaminsiststhathertestimonyisbasedon______.
A.evidenceprovidedbytheEPAoftheUnitedStates
B.theresultsofanexperimentsheconductedherself
C.evidencefromhercollaborativeresearchwithGermanbiologists
D.theresultsofextensivefieldtestsinCorvallis,Oregon
52.
LordLothiansaidmostoftheancienthouseswere______.
A.tobeprotectedbythegovernment
B.decayingthroughlackofmoneyfortheirrepair
C.keptingoodconditionforthetimebeing
D.doomedtodecaywithoutgoodpreservation
53.
Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.
A.kind-heartedly
B.light-heartedly
C.inawayofceremony
D.withlessemphasis
54.
【C8】
55.ItisnotoftenrealizedthatwomenheldahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asawife,thewomanwasprotectedbythesettingupofadowryordecimum.Admittedly,thepurposeofthiswastoprotectheragainsttheriskofdesertion,butinrealityitsfunctioninthesocialandfamilylifeofthetimewasmuchmoreimportant.Thedecimumwasthewife'sfighttoreceiveatenthofallherhusband'sproperty.Thewifehadtherighttowithholdconsent,inalltransactionsthehusbandwouldmake.Andmorethanjustafight:thedocumentsshowthatsheenjoyedarealpowerofdecision,equaltothatofherhusband.InnocasedothedocumentsindicateanydegreeofdifferenceinthelegalStatusofhnbandandWife.
Thewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband'spersonalproperty,buttheoppositewasnotalwaysture.Womenseemedperfectlyabletodefendtheirowninheritanceagainsthusbandswhotriedtoexceedtheirrights;andonoccasiontheyshowedafinefightingspirit.AcaseinpointisthatofMafiaVivas,aCatalanwomanofBarcelona.HavingagreedwithherhusbandMirotosellafieldshehadinherited,fortheneedsofthehousehold,sheinsistedoncompensation.Nonebeingoffered,shesucceededindraggingherhusbandtothescribetohaveacontractdulydrawnupassigningherapieceoflandfromMiro'spersonalinheritance.Theunfortunatehusbandwasobligedtoagree,asthecontractsays,"forthesakeofpeace".Eitherthroughthedowryorthroughbeinghot-tempered,theCatalanwifeknewhowtowinherself,withinthecontextofthefamily,apowerfuleconomicposition.
Adecimumwas______.
A.thewife'sinheritancefromherfather
B.agiftofmoneytothenewhusband
C.awrittencontract
D.thewife'srighttoreceiveone-tenthofherhusband'sproperty
56.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Motorwaysarenodoubtthesafestroadsinthecountry.Mileformile,vehicleforvehicleyouaremuchlesslikelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredthanonanordinary,road.Ontheotherhand,motorwayshaveafarbetteraccidentrecordthananyotherpartofournationalroadsystembecauseofthespeedandvolumeoftraffic.Ifyoudohaveaseriousaccidentonamotorway,fatalitiesaremuchmorelikelytooccurthaninacomparableaccidentelsewhereontheroads.Itisreportedthatmotorwayaccidentsaccountforsome10%ofallinjuriesoutsideurbanareas.
Motorwayshavenosharp,bends,noroundaboutsortrafficlightsandthusspeedsaremuchgreaterthanonotherroads.Thoughthe70m.p.h,limitisstillinforce,itisoftentreatedwiththecontemptthatmostdrivershaveforthe30m.p.h,limitappliedinbuilt-upareasinBritain.Addedtothisisthefactthatmotorwaydriversseemtoliketravelinginconvoyswithperhapsbarelytenmetersbetweeneachvehicle.Theresultinghorrificpile-upsinvolvingmaybehundredvehicleswhenonevehiclestopsforsomereason—mechanicalfailure,drivererrorandsoon—havebecomealltoofamiliarthroughpicturesinnewspapersorontelevision.Howmanyofthesedrivesrealizethatittakesacaraboutonehundredmeterstobraketoastopfrom70m.p.h.?Driversalsoseemtothinkthatmotorwaydrivinggivesthemcompleteimmunityfromthecaprices(多变)oftheweather.Howeverwettheroad,whateverthevisibilityinmistorfog,theyploughatludicrous(滑稽的)speedsoblivious(不以为然的)ofpolicewarningsorspeedrestrictionsuntiltheirjourneycomestoaprematureconclusion.
Perhapsoneremedyforthismotorwaymadnesswouldbebetterdrivereducation.TwentyeightpercentofthemotorcyclistspolledforNationalMotorwayMonthwantedmotoriststoreceiveformaltraininginmotorwaydrivingbeforebeingalloweddownasliproad.Atpresent.learnerdriversarebarredfrommotorwaysandarethusasfarasthiskindofdrivingisconcerned,throwninatthedeepend.Howevermuchmoreefficientpolicingisrequiredof,itisthedutyofthepolicenotonlytoenforcethelawbutalsotoprotectthegeneralpublicfromitsownfolly.
Accordingtothewriter,asfarassafetyisconcerned,thetwosidesofdrivingonmotorwaysarethatmotorwaysare______.
57.
【C2】
58.
Simplethingslikewritingthethingsthatyouaregratefulforhathejournalcaninfluence______.
59.Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintinginCriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonaPatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternity(父亲的身份)whereitisnotclearwhoisthefatherof,aparticularchild.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.
DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.
Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass,andDanielL.HartlofWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,Mo.LewontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcan-notproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthat
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