【课件】Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit3LearningAboutLanguageDiscoverusefulstructuresDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech1.Tolearnaboutthedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech2.Tounderstandthefunctionofdirectspeechandindirectspeech3.Tolearnhowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech.Learningaims:学习目标1.Whatisdirectspeechandindirectspeech?2.What’rethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?3.Howtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech?QuestionLeading:问题导学Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechPresentation:点拨精讲23Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.直接引语和间接引语1.基本概念（1）直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。（2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。【点拨】直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。1.时态变化

如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时

一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时

现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时e.g.“Idon’tknowthat,”

hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’tknowthat.句型转换（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewould

isshewasgoing is

2.人称变化一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新。一随主：直接引语中第一人称变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。二随宾：直接引语中第二人称变为和间接宾语（即听话人）相一致的人称。第三人称不更新：直接引语中第三人称变为间接宾语时，人称不变。口诀说明直接引语间接引语三不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一

随

主二

随

宾句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIhe变化项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthese时间状语nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…thatthosethenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear..

地点状语here方向性动词comebringthedaybeforetendays…beforethenextday/year…theregotake注意：以上变化要根据实际情况而定。如果就在当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语不必改变；如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there。句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher________________.

（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before4.语序变化直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。一般疑问句→由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。egMotheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinished

myhomework.选择疑问句→由whether...or引导的宾语从句。eg“AreyougoingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays?”sheasked.

→SheaskedmewhetherIwas

goingto

BeijingorShanghaifortheholidays.反意疑问句→由连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。eg“Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou?”hesaid.→Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedrockmusic.特殊疑问句→由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。eg“Howmanysleepingpillshaveyoutaken?”askedthenurse.→ThenurseaskedmehowmanysleepingpillsIhad

taken.Theteacherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→TheteacheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句变为间接引语：suggest+doing或ask/advise+宾语+动词不定式。eg“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning?”Jacksaid.→Jacksuggestedstartingearlytomorrowmorning.“Whydon’tyoutaketherestofthedayoff?”askedmyassistant.→Myassistantadvisedmetotaketherestofthedayoff.祈使句→动词+宾语+不定式。常见引述动词有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。egHesaidtoAnn,“Tellmeyourproblem.”→HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.“Becarefulwiththedog,boys,”shesaid.→Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.

注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

(that)

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：LeiMiao

said

"I

was

born

on

December

11,

1999."

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。YangLong

said

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme.”→YangLongsaidhe

wasdoingchoreswhenTomhadcometoseehim.→LeiMiaosaid

she

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不再变（例：could,

should,

would,

might）Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。（例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

to）DangRan

saidtome.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→

DangRan

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

therethat

day.→ThedoctorsaidtomeIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”Summary:课堂小结性质：时态:人称：引导词:陈述句:用

that一般疑问句:用

if或whether特殊疑问句:用特殊疑问词祈使句：

tellsb.todos.thasksb.todos.thordersb.todos.th间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句一随主,二随宾,三不变主句为一般过去时态，从句相应的变化句型转换（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

whether

whereIhadfoundlikedhadleftConsolidation当堂检测15句型转换（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomake thenextdayHerearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangeth