张培基英译散文电子版_第1页
张培基英译散文电子版_第2页
张培基英译散文电子版_第3页
张培基英译散文电子版_第4页
张培基英译散文电子版_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩69页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

艰难的国运与雄健的国民李大钊历史的道路,不会是坦平的,有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的(1)。一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河,有时流到很宽阔的境界(2),平原无际,一泻万里(3)。有时流到很逼狭的境界,两岸丛山迭岭,绝壁断崖,江河流于期间,回环曲折,极其险峻(4)。民族生命的进展,其经历亦复如是。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人(5)所经过的地方,有时是坦荡平原,有时是崎岖险路(6)。志于旅途的人,走到平坦的地方,因是高快乐兴地向前走,走到崎岖的境界,俞是奇趣横生(7),觉得在此奇绝壮绝(8)的境界,俞能感到一种冒险的美趣(9)。中华民族现在所逢的史路,是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路上,实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境至,使我们经过此段道路的人,感得一种壮美的趣味,是非有雄健的精神的,不能够感觉到的。我们的扬子江、黄河,可以代表我们的民族精神,扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势(10)。目前的艰难境界,那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。我们应该拿出雄健的精神,高唱着进行的曲调,在这悲壮歌声中,走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知(11)在艰难的国运中建造国家,亦是人生最有趣味的事……。NationalCrisisvsHeroicNationLiDazhaoThecourseofhistoryisneversmooth.Itissometimesbesetwithdifficultiesandobstaclesandnothingshortofaheroicspiritcanhelpsurmountthem.Amightylongriversometimesflowsthroughabroadsectionwithplainslyingboundlessoneitherside,itswatersrollingonnon-stopforthousandsuponthousandsofmiles.Sometimesitcomesupagainstanarrowsectionflankedbyhighmountainsandsteepcliffs,windingthroughacoursewithmanyaperiloustwistandturn.Anation,inthecourseofitsdevelopment,fareslikewise.Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.TheChinesenationisnowconfrontedwitharuggedanddangeroussectionofitshistoricalcourse.Nevertheless,thereisalsointhissectionaspectacleofenormousmagnificencethatinspiresinuspassers-byadelightfulsensationofsplendor.Andthisdelightfulsensation,however,canonlybesharedbythosewithaheroicspirit.TheYangtseRiverandtheYellowRiverarebothsymbolicofournationalspiritthetwomightyriversnegotiatedesertsandgorgesuntiltheirturbidtorrentssurgeforwardwithirresistibleforce.Thepresentnationalcrisiscanneverobstructtheadvanceofournationallife.Letusbraceupourspiritsandmarchthroughthisrugged,dangerousroadtothetuneofoursolemn,stirringsongs.Thegreatestjoyoflife,mindyou,istobuildupourcountryduringitsmostdifficultdays.注释:李大钊此文载于1923年12月20日?新国民?第一卷第2号上,短小隽永,堪称一首诗意盎然的抒情散文诗。作者用象征,比喻等手法,说明历史开展的必然规律以及中国革命面临的艰难险阻。(1)“这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的〞译为nothingshortofaheroicspiritcanhelpsurmountthem,其中nothingshortof相当于nothinglessthan或only。(2)“宽阔的境界〞须按上下文译为abroadsection。“境界〞在这里不宜译为realm、place、area等。(3)“一泻万里〞译为rollingonnon-stopforthousandsuponthousandsofmiles,但也可译为rollingonvigorouslyfortensofthousandsofmiles或rollingonforthousandsofmilesatastretch。(4)“回环曲折,极其险峻〞译为windingthroughacoursewithmanyaperiloustwistandturn,其中twistandturn来自成语twistsandturns。此句亦可译为followingadangeroustortuouscourse。(5)“征人〞即“远行之人〞,故译“旅途上的征人〞为atraveleronalongjourney。(6)“有时……,有时……〞译为now……now……〔=sometimes……andsometimes……〕。(7)“奇趣横生〞意即“极度吸引人〞,故译为fascinating。(8)“奇绝壮绝〞意即“无限壮观〞,故译为theenormouslymagnificentspectacle。(9)“感到一种冒险的美趣〞意即“一种敢于冒险的美妙感觉〞,原译为awonderfulsensationofadventure。(10)“遇见沙漠,遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势〞译为negotiatedesertsandgorgesuntiltheirturbidtorrentssurgeforwardwithirresistibleforce,其中动词tonegotiate的意思是“顺利通过〞〔tosucceedingettingpastsomethingdifficult〕。又,注意until在这里的用法。它在此不作“直到……为止〞解,而是sothatfinally〔“以至于……〞或“最后〞〕的意思。(11)“要知〞译为mindyou,插入句中。成语mindyou的意思是mindwhatIsay或however,相当于汉语的“请注意〞或“说真的〞。螃蟹鲁迅老螃蟹觉得不安了,觉得全身太硬了(1),自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴,躲了身子,将石子堵了穴口,隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4),要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕,他实在亲眼见过。他慌慌张张的走。旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说:“老兄,你何以这般慌?〞他说:“我要蜕壳了。〞“就在这里蜕不是很好么?我还要帮你呢。〞“那可太怕人了。〞“你不怕窟穴里的别的东西,却怕我们同种么?〞“我不是怕同种。〞“那是怕什么呢?〞“就怕你要吃掉我(6)。〞TheCrabLuXunAnoldcrabgrewrestless.Findinghimselfstiffallover,heknewitwastimeforhimtomoulthisshell.Hedashedhereandthereinsearchofacavetohide.Hewasgoingtoblockupthemouthofcavesothathecouldmoultinsecret.Heknewitwouldbeverydangeroustoshedhisshellintheopenbecause,withhisnewshellstillbeingsoft,hemightbeeatenupbyothercrabs.Thisfearwasnotgroundlessforhehimselfhadreallyseenithappentoothermoultingcrabs.Theoldcrabkeptmovingaboutinahurry.Anearbycrabasked,“Hey,brother,what’stherush?〞“Iamgoingtomoult,〞answeredtheoldcrab.“Wouldn’titbeallrighttomoultrighthere?Icouldhelpyououtwithit.〞“Howhorriblethatwouldbe!〞“Youmeanwhileyou’llnotscaredofotherthingsinthecaveyou’rescaredofyourownkind?〞“No,I’mnotscaredofmyownkind.〞“Thenwhatareyouscaredof?〞“Nothingbutbeingeatenupbyyou.〞注释:?螃蟹?是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于1919年8月间,时值五四运动方兴未艾,作者通过寓言故事,提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。(1)“觉得全身太硬了〞译为Findinghimselfstiffalover,其中allover意即“全身〞或“浑身〞,作状语短语用。如逐字译为findinghiswholebodystiff并无不可,但语言稍欠地道。(2)“蜕壳〞译为tomoulthisshell,其中tomoult为专用语,意同tocastoff。(3)“外面蜕壳〞中的“外面〞意即“在露天〞,故译为〔tomoult〕intheopen,以代替tomoultoutsidethecave。(4)“身子还软〞意即“蜕去旧壳后新壳还软〞,故译为withhisnewshellstillbeingsoft。如按字面直译为withhisbodystillbeingsoft那么欠确切,因“身子〞在此指“新壳〞,不泛指“躯体〞。(5)“旁边的螃蟹〞译为Anearbycrab比Acrabbesidehim灵活。(6)“就怕你要吃掉我〞译为Nothingbutbeingeatenupbyyou,乃I’mscaredofnothingbutbeingeatenupbyyou之略。落花生许地山我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说:“让它荒芜着怪可惜,既然你们那么爱吃花生,就辟来做花生园罢(1)。〞我们几个姊弟(2)和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园;过了不几个月,居然收获了!妈妈说:“今晚我们可以做一个收获节(3),也请你们的爹爹来尝尝我们底新花生,如何?〞我们都容许了。母亲把花生做成好几样食品(4),还吩咐这节期要在园里底茅亭举行。那晚上底天色不大好(5),可是爹爹也来到,实在很难得!爹爹说:“你们爱吃花生吗?〞我们都争着容许:“爱!〞“谁能把花生底好处说出来?〞姊姊说:“花生底气味很美。〞哥哥说:“花生可以榨油。〞我说:“无论何等人都江堰市可以用贱价买它来吃;都喜欢吃它。这是它的好处。〞爹爹说:“花生底用处固然很多;但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆(6)不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴,把它们底果实悬在枝上,鲜红嫩绿的颜色(7),令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,才容人把它挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩(8)地长在地上,不能立刻辨出它有没有果实,非得等到你接触它才能知道。〞我们都说:“是的。〞母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说:“所以你们要像花生(9),因为它是有用的,不是伟大、好看的东西。〞我说:“那么,人要做有用的,不要做伟大、体面的人了。〞爹爹说:“这是我对于你们的希望。〞我们谈到夜阑才散,所有花生食品虽然没有了,然而父亲底话现在还印在我心版上。PeanutsXuDishanBehindourhousetherelayhalfamouofvacantland.Mothersaid,“it’sapitytoletitliewaste.Sinceyouallliketoeatpeanutssoverymuch,whynotplantsomehere?〞thatexhilarateduschildrenandourservantgirlsaswell,andsoonwestartedbuyingseeds,ploughingthelandandwateringtheplants.Wegatheredinagoodharvestjustafteracoupleofmonths!Mothersaid,“HowaboutgivingapartythiseveningtocelebratetheharvestandinvitingyourDaddytohaveatasteofournewly-harvestedpeanuts?〞Weallagreed.Mothermadequiteafewvarietiesofgoodiesoutofthepeanuts,andtoldusthatthepartywouldbeheldinthethatchedpaviliononthepeanutplot.Itlookedlikerainthatevening,yet,toourgreatjoy,fathercamenevertheless.“Doyoulikepeanuts?〞askedfather.“Yes,wedo!〞weviedingivingtheanswer.“Whichofyoucouldnamethegoodthingsinpeanuts?〞“Peanutstastegood,〞saidmyeldersister.“Peanutsproduceedibleoil,〞saidmyelderbrother.“Peanutsaresocheap,〞saidI,“thatanyonecanaffordtoeatthem.Peanutsareeveryone’sfavourite.That’swhywecallpeanutsgood.〞“It’struethatpeanutshavemanyuses,〞saidfather,“butthey’remostbelovedinonerespect.Unlikenice-lookingapples,peachesandpomegranates,whichhangtheirfruitonbranchesandwinpeople’sadmirationwiththeirbrilliantcolours,tinylittlepeanutsburythemselvesundergroundandremainuneartheduntilthey’reripe.Whenyoucomeuponapeanutplantlyingcurledupontheground,youcanneverimmediatelytellwhetherornotitbearanynutsuntilyoutouchthem.〞“That’strue,〞wesaidinunison.Motheralsonodded.“Soyoumusttakeafterpeanuts,〞fathercontinued,“becausethey’reusefulthoughnotgreatandnice-looking.〞“Thenyoumeanoneshouldbeusefulratherthangreatandnice-looking,〞Isaid.“That’swhatIexceptofyou,〞fatherconcluded.Wekeptchattinguntilthepartybrokeuplateatnight.Today,thoughnothingisleftofthegoodiesmadeofpeanuts,father’swordsremainengravedinmymind.注释:本文是许地山〔1892-1941〕的名篇。作者回忆自己童年时代一个小小片断,以朴实无华、清新自然的笔调,从花生的平凡而有用,谈到做人的道理,富于哲理,反映他身处旧社会的污泥浊流而洁身自好、不慕虚名的思想境界。(1)原句也可译为whynothavethemplantedhere或whynotmakeapeanutplotofit,但现译更直截了当,且防止在同一句中重复peanuts一词。(2)“几姊弟〞在下文将涉及,为防累赘,译为children。(3)“做一个收获节〞不宜直译为holdaharvestfestival,现取意译。(4)“食品〞也可译为food,但不如goodies贴切;goodies指“好吃的东西〞,常用于口语。(5)“那晚上底天色不大好〞译为Itlookedlikerainthatevening,符合原意和英语习惯。(6)“这小小的豆〞译为tinylittlepeanuts。英语中常把tiny和little用在一起,有“小得可怜〔爱〕〞等含意。(7)“鲜红嫩绿〞不宜直译,译brilliantcolours即可。(8)“瑟缩〞意即“蜷曲而不舒展〞,故有现译。(9)“你们要像花生〞译为youmusttakeafterpeanuts,其中takeafter是成语,意即take……asanexample〔学习……的典范〕。差不多先生传胡适你知道中国最有名的人是谁?提起此人,人人皆晓,处处闻名。他姓差,名不多(1),是各省各县各村人氏。你一定见过他,一定听说过别人谈起他。差不多先生的名字天天挂在大家的口头,因为他是中国全国人的代表。差不多先生的相貌和你和我都差不多。他有一双眼睛,但看的不很清楚;他有两只耳朵,但听的不很清楚;有鼻子和嘴,但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究。他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密(2)。他常常说:“凡事只要差不多,就好了。何必太精明呢?〞他小的时候,他妈叫他去买红糖,他买了白糖回来。他妈骂他,他摇摇头说:“红糖白糖不是差不多吗?〞他在学堂的时候,先生问他:“直隶省(3)的西边是哪一省?〞他说是陕西。先生说:“错了。是山西,不是陕西。〞他说:“陕西同山西,不是差不多吗?〞后来他在一个钱铺(4)里做伙计,他也会写,也会算,只是总不会精细。十字常常写成千字,千字常常写成十字。掌柜的生气了,常常骂他。他只是笑嘻嘻地赔小心道:“千字比十字只多一小撇,不是差不多吗?〞有一天他为了一件要紧的事,要搭火车到上海去。他从沉着容地走到火车站,迟了两分钟,火车已经开走了。他白瞪着眼,望着远远的火车上煤烟,摇摇头道:“只好明天再走了,今天走同明天走,也差不多。可是火车公司未免太认真了。8点30分开,同8点32分开,不是差不多吗?“他一面说,一面慢慢地走回家,心里总不明白为什么火车不肯等他两分钟。有一天,他突然得了急病,赶快叫家人去请东街的汪医生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去,一时寻不着东街的汪大夫,却把西街牛医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上,知道寻错了人;但病急了,身上痛苦,心里焦急,等不得了,心里想道:“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多,让他试试看罢。〞于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前,用医牛的法子给差不多先生治病。不上一点钟,差不多先生就一命呜呼了。差不多先生差不多要死的时候,一口气断断续续地说道:“活人同死人也……差……差不多,……凡事只要……差……差……不多……就……好了,……何……何……必……太……太认真呢?〞他说完了这句格言(5),方才绝气了。他死后,大家都很称赞差不多先生样样事情看得破,想得通(6);大家都说他一生不肯认真,不肯算账,不肯计较,真是一位有德行的人。于是大家给他取个死后的法号,叫他做圆通大师。他的名誉越传越远,越久越大。无数无数的人都学他的典范。于是人人都成了一个差不多先生。——然而中国从此就成为一个懒人国了。Mr.About-theSameHuShihDoyouknowwhoisthemostwell-knownpersoninChina?Thenameofthispersonisahouseholdwordalloverthecountry.HisnameisChaandhisgivenname,Buduo,whichaltogethermean“AbouttheSame〞.Heisanativeofeveryprovince,everycountryandeveryvillageinthiscountry.Youmusthaveseenorheardaboutthisperson.HisnameisalwaysonthelipsofeverybodybecauseheisrepresentativeofthewholeChinesenation.Mr.ChaBuduohasthesamephysiognomyasyouandI.Hehasapairofeyes,butdoesn’tseeclearly.Hehasapairofears,butdoesn’thearwell.Hehasanoseandamouth,butlacksakeensenseofsmellandtaste.Hisbrainisnonetoosmall,butheisweakinmemoryandsloppyinthinking.Heoftensays:“whateverwedo,it’sOKtobejustaboutright.What’stheuseofbeingpreciseandaccurate:〞Oneday,whenhewasachild,hismothersenthimouttobuyhersomebrownsugar,buthereturnedwithsomewhitesugarinstead.Ashismotherscoldedhimaboutit,heshookhisheadandsaid,“Brownsugarorwhitesugar,aren’ttheyaboutthesame?〞Onedayinschool,theteacheraskedhim,“WhichprovincebordersHebeionthewest?〞Heanswered,“Shaanxi,〞Theteachercorrectedhim,“Youarewrong.It’sShanxi,NotShaanxi.〞Heretorted,“ShaanxiorShanxi,aren’ttheyaboutthesame?〞LaterMr.ChaBuduoservedasanassistantatamoneyshop.Hecouldwriteandcalculateallright,buthismathematicswere/wasoftenfaulty.HewouldmistaketheChinesecharacter十〔meaning10〕for千〔meaning1000〕orviceversa.Theshopownerwasinfuriatedandoftentookhimtotask.Buthewouldonlyexplainapologeticallywithagrin,“Thecharacter千differsfrom十inmerelyhavingoneadditionalshortstroke.Aren’ttheyaboutthesame?〞Oneday,hewantedtogotoShanghaibytrainonurgentbusiness.Buthearrivedattherailwaystationunhurriedlyonlytofindthetrainalreadygone,becausehewastwominuteslate.Hestoodstaringhelplesslyatthesmokebelchingfromthediminishingtrain,andshookhishead,“Well,allIcandoisleavetomorrow.Afterall,todayandtomorrowareaboutthesame.Butisn’ttherailwaytakingittooseriously?What’sthedifferencebetweendepartingat8:30and8:32?〞Hewalkedhomeslowlywhiletalkingtohimselfandkeptpuzzlingoverwhythetrainhadn’twaitedforhimfortwominutesmore.OnedayhesuddenlyfellillandimmediatelytoldoneofhisfamilytofetchDr.WangofEastStreet.Thelatterwentinhurry,butcouldn’tfindthephysicianonEastStreet.SohefetchedinsteadVeterinarianWangofWestStreet.Mr.ChaBuduo,lyingonhissickbed,knewthatawrongpersonhadbeenbroughthome.But,whatwithpainandworry,hecouldillaffordtowaitanylonger.Sohesaidtohimself,“Luckily,VetWangisaboutthesameasDr.Wang.WhynotletVetWanghaveatry?〞there-upon,theveterinarianwalkeduptohisbedtoworkonhimasifhewereacow.Consequently,Mr.ChaBuduokickedthebucketbeforeanhourwasout.WhenMr.ChaBuduowasabouttobreathehislast,heutteredintermittentlyinonebreath,“Liveordie,it’sabout…about…thesame…Whateverwedo…it’sOK…tobe…just…justaboutright...Why…why…takeit…soseriously?〞assoonashefinishedthispetphraseofhis,hestoppedbreathing.AfterMr.ChaBuduodeath,peopleallpraisedhimforhiswayofseeingthingsandhisphilosophicalapproachtolife.Theysaythatherefusedtotakethingsseriouslyallhislifeandthathewasnevercalculatingorparticularaboutpersonalgainsorlosses.SotheycalledhimavirtuousmanandhonoredhimwiththeposthumousreverenttitleMasterofEasy-Going.Hisnamehasspreadfarandwideandbecomemoreandmorecelebratedwiththepassingoftime.Innumerablepeoplehavecometofollowhisexample,sothateverybodyhasbecomeaMr.ChaBuduo.Butlo,Chinawillhencebeanationoflazybones!注释:胡适〔1891-1962〕的?差不多先生传?是一篇针砭社会陋习的挖苦小品,1924年6月28日发表在?申报·平民周刊?的创刊号上,曾不胫而走,传诵一时。此文至今读来,犹感有极深刻的现实意义。(1)“他姓差,名不多〞如仅仅译为HisnameisChaandhisgivenname,Buduo,外国读者只知其音,不知其意,故在后面加补充说明whichaltogethermean“AbouttheSame〞。(2)“他的思想也不很细密〞译为Heis…sloppyinthinking,其中sloppy作“无条理〞、“凌乱〞解。(3)“直隶〞为旧省名,即今之“河北〞,故译为Hebei。(4)“钱铺〞又称“钱庄〞,大多仅从事兑换业务,后为银行所代替。“钱铺〞可译为privatebank或bankinghouse,但均不如money(exchange)shop确切。(5)“格言〞在这里意同“口头语〞,现参照上下文译为petphrase。(6)“想得通〞意即“达观〞或“随遇而安〞,故译为philosophicalapproachtolife。不要抛弃学问(1)胡适诸位毕业同学,你们现在要离开母校了,我没有什么礼物送给你们,只好送你们一句话罢。这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。〞以前的功课也许有一大局部是为这张文凭,不得已而做的,从今而后,你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了(2)。趁现在年富力强的时候,努力做一种学问。少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰时,努力做学问(3)也来不及了。即为吃饭计,学问决不会辜负人的(4)。吃饭而不求学问,三年五年后,你们都江堰市要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救,恐怕已太晚了。有人说:“出去做事之后,生活问题急需解决,哪有工夫去读书?即使要做学问,既没有图书馆,又没有实验室,哪能做学问?〞我要对你们说:但凡要等到有了图书馆才读书的,有了图书馆也不肯读书。但凡要等到有了实验室才做研究的,有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题,自然会撙衣节食(5)去买书,自然会想出来法子来设置仪器。至于时间,更不成问题(6)。达尔文一生多病,不能多作工,每天只能做一点钟的工作。你们看他的成绩!每天花一点钟看10页有用的书,每年可看3600多页书,30年可读11万页书。诸位,11万页书可以使你成一个学者了,可是,每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫,四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴。看小报呢,还打麻将呢?还是努力做一个学者呢?全靠你们自己的选择(7)!易卜生说:“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。〞学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。再会了!你们的母校眼睁睁地要看(8)你们十年之后成什么器。NeverGiveUpthePursuitofLearningHuShihDearstudentsoftheGraduatingClass,Asyouareleavingyouralmamater,Ihavenothingtoofferyouasagiftexceptawordofadvice.Myadviceis,“Nevergiveupthepursuitoflearning.〞Youhaveperhapsfinishedyourcollegecoursesmostlyforobtainingthediploma,or,inotherwords,outofsheernecessity.However,fromnowyouarefreetofollowyourownbentinthechoiceofstudies.Whileyouareintheprimeoflife,whynotdevoteyourselvestoaspecialfieldofstudy?Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn.Anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturnevenasameansofsubsistence.Ifyougiveupstudieswhileholdingajob,youwillinacoupleofyearshavehadyourselvesreplacedbyyoungerpeople.Itwillthenbetoolatetoremedythesituationbypickingupstudiesagain.Somepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you’llcomeupagainsttheurgentproblemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?〞Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.Timeisnoobject.CharlesDarwincouldonlyworkonehouradayduetoillhealth.Yetwhataremarkablemanhewas!Ifyouspendonehouradayreading10pagesofabook,youcanfinishmorethan3600pagesayear,and110000pagesin30years.Dearstudents,110000pageswillbequiteenoughtomakealearnedmanofman.Itwilltakeyouonehourtoreadthreetabloidsaday,andoneandhalfhourstofinishfourroundsofmah-jongaday.Readingtabloids,playingmah-jongorstrivingtobealearnedman,thechoicelieswithyou.HenrikIbsensays,“itisyoursupremedutytocastyourselfintoausefulimplement.〞Learningisthecastingmould.Forsakelearning,andyouwillruinyourself.Farewell!Youralmamateriswatchingeagerlytoseewhatwillbecomeofyoutenyearsfromnow.注释:本文是胡适1928-1930年在上海任中国公学校长时为毕业生所作赠言,至今仍有参考价值。(1)“不要抛弃学问〞在这里的意思是“不要放弃对学问的追求〞,因此不能直译为NeverGiveupLearning,必须加字:NeverGiveupthePursuitofLearning。(2)“你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了〞译为youarefreetofollowyourpersonalbentinthechoiceofstudies,其中tofollowone’sbent是成语,和tofollowone’sinclination同义,作“做自己感兴趣或爱做的事〞解。(3)“做学问〞译为togointoscholarship,等于toengageinlearning。(4)“学问决不会辜负人的〞译为Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturn,其中todooneagoodturn是成语,作“做对某人有益的事〞解.(5)“撙衣节食〞即“省吃省穿〞,现译为cutdownonfoodandclothing,其中tocutdownon是成语,与toeconomizeon同义,作“节约〞解。又,上语也可译为tolivefrugally。(6)“至于时间,更不成问题〞译为Timeisnoobject,其中noobject是成语,等于noproblem,作“不成问题〞或“不在话下〞解。(7)“全靠你们自己的选择〞译为thechoicelieswithyou或itisuptoyoutomakethechoice。(8)“你们的母校眼睁睁地要看……〞中的“眼睁睁地〞通常的意思是“无可奈何地〞,现在这里作“热切地〞解,故译为eagerly。我之于书(1)夏丐尊二十年来,我的生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的(2)。我的房子里(3)比拟贵重的东西就是书。我一向没有对于任何问题作高深研究的野心,因之所以买的书范围较广,宗教、艺术、文学、社会、哲学、历史、生物,各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学名著的译本,与本国古来的诗文集,别的门类只是些概论等类的入门书而已。我不喜欢向别人或图书馆借书。借来的书,在我好似过不来瘾似的(4),必要是自己买的才满足。这也可谓是一种占有的欲望。买到了几册新书,一册一册在加盖藏书印(5)记,我最感到快悦的是这时候。书籍到了我的手里,我的习惯是先看序文,次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读(6),篇幅大的,只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅,就插在书架上。除小说外,我少有全体读完的大部的书,只凭了购入当时的记忆,知道某册书是何种性质,其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已。什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻,连我自己也无把握,完全要看一个时期一个时期的兴趣。关于这事,我常自比为古时的皇帝,而把插在架上的书籍诸列屋而居的宫女(7)。我虽爱买书,而对于书却不甚爱惜。读书的时候,常在书上把我认为要紧的处所标出。线装书竟用红铅笔划粗粗的线。经我看过的书,统计统体干净的很少。据说,任何爱吃糖果的人,只要叫他到糖果铺中去做事,见了糖果就会生厌。自我入书店以后,对于书的贪念也已消除了不少了,可不免要故态复萌(8),想买这种,想买那种。这大概因为糖果要用嘴去吃,摆存毫无意义,而书那么可以买了不看,任其只管插在架上的缘故吧。BooksandIXiaMianzunFortwentyyearspast,bookshaveeatenintoatleast10-20percentofmypocket.Nowtheonlythingsofsomevalueundermyroof,ifany,aremybooks.SinceIhaveneverentertainedambitionformakingaprofoundstudyofanysubject,thebooksIhaveacquiredcoveralmosteverything--religion,art,literature,sociology,philosophy,history,biology,etc.MostofthemareChinesetranslationsofliteraryworksbyfamousforeignwritersandanthologiesofChinesepoetryandprosethroughtheages.Therest,oftencalledanoutlineorintroduction,aremerelyonrudimentsofvarioussubjects.Inevercaretoborrowbooksfromotherpeopleoralibrary.Itseemsthatbooksboughtcanbettersatisfymybibliomaniathanbooksborrowed.Youmayalsoattributethistosomesortofdesireforpersonalpossession.WheneverIhavesomenewacquisitions,italwaysgivesmegreatpleasureandsatisfactiontostampmyex-librisonthemonebyone.Assoonasanewbookcomestohand,Ialwaysreadtheprefacefirstandthenthetableofcontents.Ifithappenstobeathinone,Ioftenfinishreadingitatonesitting.Otherwise,Ioftenbrowsethroughoneortwochaptersorsectionsbeforeputtingitontomybookshelf.Iseldomreadathickbookfromcovertocoverunlessitisanovel.Bydintofthefirstimpressionitmadeonmeatthetimeofbuying,Ihavearoughideaofwhatabookisaboutandwhatusefulmaterialsinitareavailabletome.ButIhavelittleideawhichbookistobereadorlookedoveragainatwhattime.Itiscompletelysubjecttothewhimsofthemoment.Thisoftenpromptsmetolikenmyselfandthebooksonmyshelvesrespectivelytoanancientemperorandhisconcubineshousedseparatelyinarowofadjoiningrooms.MuchasIlovebooks,Itakelittlecareofthem.Indoingmyreading,IoftenmarkoutwhatIregardasimportantinabook.Ifitisathread-boundChinesebook,Iuseawritingbrushtodrawsmallcirclesasmarkings.Otherwise,Iusearedpenciltodrawheavyunderlines.Consequently,thebooksIhavereadarerarelyclean.Itissaidthatthosewhohaveagreatlikingforcandieswillsickentoseethemwhenlatertheyhappentoworkinacandystore.Likewise,eversinceIbegantoworkinabookstore,myobsessionwithbookshasbeenverymuchonthedecline.Nevertheless,Istillcannothelpslippingbackintothesameoldrut,eagertobuythisandthatbook.Thisisprobablybecausecandiesaretobeeatenwiththemouthandnotworthkeepingasknick-knackswhilebookscanbeboughtwithoutbeingreadandjustleftonashelf.注释:夏丐尊〔1886-1946〕浙江上虞人,著名文学家、教育家、出版家。他的文学创作以散文为主,多随笔、杂感,内容积极,风格平淡朴素。此文于1933年11月发表在?中学生?杂志上。(1)“我之于书〞译为BooksandI,比IandBooks符合英语习惯,读音也较顺口。(2)“我的生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的〞译为bookshaveeatenintoatleast10-20percentofmypocket,其中成语toeatinto作“耗尽〞或“花费〞解,意同touseup或tospendgradually;pocket作“腰包〞解。(3)“我的房子里〞译为undermyroof,意同inmyhouse。(4)“好似过不来瘾似的〞中的“瘾〞指“藏书癖〞,故译为bibliomania,意即desireorpassionforcollectingbooks。(5)“藏书印〞译为ex-libris,为专用语。(6)“往往立刻通读〞译为Ioftenfinishreadingitatonesitting,其中atonesitting〔亦作atasitting〕为成语,作“坐着一口气〞或“一下子〞解。(7)“宫女〞本可译为courtladies或palacemaids,但原文实际上指的是“妃子〞,故译为concubines。(8)“故态复萌〞译为slippingbackintothesameoldrut,或relapsingintomyoldhabit。中年人的寂寞夏丐尊我已是一个中年的人。一到中年,就有许多不愉快的现象,眼睛昏花了,记忆力减退了,头发开始秃脱(1)而且变白了,意兴,体力,什么都不如年青的时候,常不禁会感觉到难以名言的(2)寂寞的情味。尤其觉得难堪的是知友的逐渐减少(3)和疏远,缺乏交际上的温暖的慰藉。不消说,相识的人数是随了年龄增加的,一个人年龄越大,走过的地方当过的职务越多,相识的人理该越增加了。可是相识的人并不就是朋友。我们和许多人相识,或是因了事务关系,或是因了偶然的机缘(4)——如在别人请客的时候同席吃过饭之类。见面时点头或握手,有事时走访或通信,口头上彼此也“朋友〞,笔头上有时或称“仁兄〞,诸如此类,其实只是一种社交上的客套,和“顿首〞“百拜〞同是仪式的虚伪(5)。这种交际可以说是社交,和真正的友谊相差似乎很远。真正的朋友,恐怕要算“总角之交〞或“竹马之交〞了(6)。在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊,那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫,入世未深,打算计较的念头也少,朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或性情适合,差不多可以说是“无所为〞的(7),性质比拟纯粹。二十岁以后结成的友谊,大概已不免搀有各种各样的颜色分子在内;至于三十岁四十岁以后的朋友中间,颜色分子愈多,友谊的真实成分也就不免因而愈少了。这并不一定是“人心不古〞(8),实可以说是人生的悲剧。人到了成年以后,彼此都有生活的重担须负,入世既深,顾忌的方面也自然加多起来,在交际上不许你不计较,不许你不打算,结果彼此都“勾心斗角〞(9),像七巧板似地只选定了某一方面和对方接合(10)。这样的接合当然是很不巩固的,尤其是现代这样什么都到了锋利化的时代。在我自己的交游中,最值得系念的老是一此少年时代以来的朋友。这些朋友本来数目就不多,有些住在远地,连相会的时机也不可多得。他们有的年龄大过了我,有的小我几岁,都江堰市是中年以上的人了,平日各人所走的方向不同。思想趣味境遇也都不免互异,大家晤谈起来,也常会遇到说不出的隔膜的情形。如大家话旧,旧事是彼此共喻的,而且大半都江堰市是少年时代的事,“旧游如梦〞,把梦也似的过去的少年时代重提,因谈话的进行,同时会联想起许多当时的事情,许多当时的人的面影,这时好象自己仍回归到少年时代去了(11)。我常在这种时候感到一种快乐,同时也感到一种伤感,那情形好比老妇人突然在抽屉里或箱子里发见了她盛年时的影片。逢到和旧友谈话,就不知不觉地把话题转到旧事上去,这是我的习惯。我在这上面无意识地会感到一种温暖地慰藉。可是这些旧友一年比一年减少了,本来只是屈指可数的几个,少去一个是无法弥补的。我每当听到一个旧友死去的消息,总要惆怅多时。学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识,最大的好处恐怕还在给与我们求友的时机上。这好处我到了离学校以后才知道,这几年来更确切地体会到,深悔当时毫不自觉,马马虎虎地过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到两两三三的携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生,我总艳羡他们有朋友之乐,暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。Mid-lifeLonelinessXiaMianzunIamalreadyamiddle-agedman.Atmiddleage,Ifeelsadtofindmyeyesightandmemoryfailing,myhairthinningandgraying,andmyselfnolongermentallyandphysicallyasfitaswhenIwasyoung.Ioftensufferfromanamelessloneliness.Themostintolerableofallisthelackoffriendlywarmthandcomfortduetothegradualpassingawayandestrangementofmoreandmoreoldpals.Needlesstosay,thenumberofacquaintancesincreaseswithone’sage.Theolderonegets,themorewidelytraveledoneisandthemoreworkexperienceonehas,themoreacquaintancesoneissupposedtohave.Butnotallacquaintancesarefriends.Wecometoknowmanypeopleeitherinthewayofbusinessorbymerechance–say,havingbeenatthesametableatadinnerparty.Wemaybeonnoddingorhand-shakingterms,calleachother“friend〞,sometimeswritetoeachotherwiththesalutationof“DearSo-and-So〞,etc.,etc.Alltheseare,infact,nothingbutcivilitiesofsociallife,ashypocriticalasthepoliteformuladunshou(kowtow)orbaibai(ahundredgreetings)usedafterthesignatureinold-fashionedChineseletter-writing.Wemaycallthemsocialintercourse,buttheyseemtohaveverylittleincommonwithgenuinefriendship.Realfriendshipbetweentwopersonsoriginatesperhapsfromthetimeoflifewhentheywerechildrenplayinginnocentlytogether.Realfriendshipiseasilyformedinprimaryormiddleschooldayswhen,beingsociallyinexperiencedandfreefromtheburdenoflife,yougivelittlethoughttopersonalgainsorlosses,andmakefriendsentirelyasaresultofsimilartastesandinterestsorcongenialdisposition.Itissortof“friendshipforfriendship’ssake〞andisrelativelypureinnature.Friendshipamongpeopleintheir20's,however,ismoreorlesscolouredbypersonalmotives.Andfriendshipamongthoseagedover30becomescorrespondinglystilllesspureasitgetsevenmorecoloured.Thoughthisisnotnecessarilydueto"degenerationofpublicmorality",Idohavegoodreasonstocallitthetragedyoflife.Peopleatmiddleage,withtheheavyburdenoflifeandmuchexperienceinthewaysoftheworld,havemorescruplesaboutthisandthat,andcannotchoosebutbecomemorecalculatinginsocialdealingstilltheystartschemingagainsteachother.Theyalwayskeepawaryeye,asitwere,oneachotherintheirassociation.Suchassociationisofcoursefragile,especiallyinthismodernageofprevailingsharpconflicts.Ofallmyfriends,thoseIhaveknownsincechild-hoodaremostworthyofremembrance.Theyarefewinnumber.Someofthemlivefarawayandweseldomhaveanopportunitytoseeeachother.SomeofthemareolderthanIam,andsomeafewyearsyounger.Butallofusareinlatemid-life.Sincewehaveeachfollowedadifferentcourseinlife,ourwaysofthinking,interestsandcircumstancesareboundtodiffer,andoftenwelackmutualunderstandingsomehoworotherinourconversation.Nevertheless,whenwetalkoveroldtimes,wewillalwaysagreeonthingsinthepast--mostlyaboutthingsinourchildhooddays.Whileweretellthedream-likechildhooddaysinthecourseofourconversation,numerousscenesandpersonsofbygonedayswillunfoldagainbeforeoureyes,andwewillfeellikerelivingtheolddays.Oftenatthismoment,I'llfeelatoncehappyandsad--likeanoldladysuddenlyfishingoutfromherdrawerorchestaphotoofhertakeninthebloomofheryouth.

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论