英语二终极预测试卷

考生考生编考生考生编2016年招生考试英语（二冲刺密押试（科目代码：考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。考生在考试开考15分钟后不得入场。交卷出场时间不得早于考试结束前30分钟交卷结束后，不得再进考场续考，也不得在考场附近逗留或交谈。答题前应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的考生”报考单位”考生编号”等信息。答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。书写部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答 字迹要清楚考试结束题英语知识运阅读理英译写总PartPartPartPart分104010151015100得2016年招生考试英语（二）SectionⅠUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhilewesternernmentsworryoverthethreatofEbola,amorepervasivebutfarlessharm-ful1isspreadingthroughtheirpopulationslikeawintersniffle: altechnology.Thesimilaritybetweendiseaseorganismsandaldevicesis2.esandotherpara-sitescontrollargerorganisms,3resourcesinordertomultiplyandspread.Smartphonesandothergadgetsdothesamething,4ever-increasingamountsofhumanattentionandelectricitysup-5wireItistemptingto6a“strategy”tobothphagesandphablets,neitherofwhichissentient.7,theprocessisevolutionary,consistingofmanyrandomevolutions,8experimentedwithbymanyproductdesigners.Thismakesitallthemorepowerful.Tech9occursthroughactively-learntresponses,or“operantconditioning”asanimalbehaviouristscallit.Thescientificparallelherealsoinvolvesarodent,typicallyarat,whichoccupiesa10cagecalledaSkinnerBox.Theanimalis11withafoodpelletforsolvingpuzzlesandpunishedwithanelectricshockwhenitfails.“Arewegettingapositiveboostofhormoneswhenwe12lookatourphone,seekingre-wards?”asksDavidShuker,ananimalbehaviouristatStAndrewsuniversity,soundingalittlelikeamanwithholdingseriousscientificendorsement13anideathatajournalisthadintheshower.Re-searchisneeded,hesays.Techtycoonswouldmeanwhile14thatthepopularityof devicesisattributedtothebrillianceoftheirdesigns.Thisispreciselywhatpeoplewhosethoughtprocesseshavebeen15byaninvasivepseudo-organismwouldbelieve.16, technologycausessymptomslessseverethanphysiologicaldiseases.Thereareevenbenefitsto17sufferersforshortenedattentionspansandthecaffeineoverloadtriggeredbyvisitstoStarbucksfortheWi-Fi.Mostimportantly,youcan18theFinancialTimesincesasremoteasAlaskaorSidcup.Inthis19,a deviceisclosertoasymbioticorganismthanaparasite.Thiswouldmakeit20toanintestinalbacteriumthathelpsa tostayalive,ratherthanathatmaykillyou.1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A][D]4.[A]taking[B]feeding[C]catching5.[A][C][D]6.[A][B][D]7.[A][D]8.[A][C][D]9.[A][B][D]10.[A][D]11.[A][D]12.[A][D]13.[A][D]14.[A][D]15.[A][D]16.[A][B][D]17.[A][D]18.[A][D]19.[A][D]20.[A][D]SectionⅡReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextRarelyhavetheChristmasresultsforBritain’ssupermarketsbeenawaitedwithsuchanxiety.Mostofthem,especiallythemarketleader,Tesco,struggledin2014.Thehard-discountstores,AldiandLidl, toundercutthem,gobblingupmarketshare,whilefallingfoodpricesateintotheirprofits.Asda’sboss,AndrewClarke,haswarnedofmorechallengingtimesahead.Yetthelessonfromtheseresultsisclear.Grocerswithaclearlydefinedpositioninthemarketwillcontinuetoprosper,butforthosewithoutonethereismorepaintocome.ThusWaitrose,forinstance,hasremainedres-oluyanddistinctlyposh.Ithasrefusedtochasetheupstartdiscountersbyreducingprices,asmid-marketrivalshavedone.NatalieBergofnetRetail,aresearchorganizationarguesthatthekeytosurvivalinafero-ciouslycompetitivegroceriesmarketistoofferthecustomerabrandthatis“clear,targetedandcon-sistent.”Waitrose,atthetopendofthemarket,doesthiswell,asdoLidlandAldiatthebottom.Therestarestrandedinthemiddle,tryingtobeallthingstoallpeople.Thisweek,forinstance,Asda,Sainsbury’sandTescoannouncedfurtherpricecuts.Thatmightfendoffthediscountersforabit.Itwillalsomuddyperceptionsofwhotheirtargetcustomersreallyare.Butitisnotallgloomforthesupermarkets.Amoreclementeconomicenvironmentshouldhelpallofthem.Tumblingfuelpricesandanovelty,thisrisingrealwageswillputmoremoneyinshoppers’pockets.Theresultsalsodemonstratethatsupermarketsarerewardedforastronginter-netpresence.Again,Waitrosehasdonewellhere:grocerysalesthroughitsonlineservicegrewby26%overtheChristmasperiodcomparedwithayearago.Mostofthesupermarketsaretryingoutnewdigitalgizmostomakeshopeasier.Waitroseisexperimentingwithahome-scanningde-vicecalledHiku.ThiswillallowpeopletoscanbarcodesonWaitroseproductsathometoaddthemtotheironlineshopbasket.TherearegroundsforoptimismevenatTesco,arguesBryanRoberts,anystatKantarRe-tail.ForacoupleofyearsitsstoresinLondonhavedonebetterthanthoseintherestofthecountry.Storemanagersinthecapitalhaveenjoyedmoreautonomytofilltheirshelveswithproductssuitedtothepeoplewholiveorworkinthelocalarea.Devolutionseemssimple,buteffective.WhichofthefollowingisNOTAldiandLidihavedonetomostofBritain’sUndercutAteintotheirGobbleduptheirmarketMadetheirfoodcostsTheclearlesseninParagraph2meansgrocers chasetheupstarthavetargetreduceWecanlearnfromParagraph3 AsdaisatthetopendoftheLidiandAldiareinthemiddleoftheTescoisstrandedinthemiddleoftheTheword“gizmos”(Para.4)probably [A][B][C] [D]Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph devolutionisaneffectivewaytoincreasethereisnoreasonforTescotobeTescoshouldmergeitsstoresintherestoftheTesco’sstoresinLondonmisslocalTextForthepastfewmonths,artificialinligence(AI)hasbeenamuchtalkedabouttopicintheworldsofbothpopcultureandscience.LastNovembersawthereleaseofOscar-nominatedandwinningbiopic,“TheImitationGame”,aboutthefatherofthemoderncomputer,AlanTuring.Lastmonth,anotherHollywoodfilmaboutcleverrobots,Chappie,hittheaters.Isartificialinligenceaboonordoesitspelldoomforhumans?Intheirbook,authorsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,bothofwhomhailfromMIT,US,couldbarelyhidetheirexcite-menttowardtheriseofmachines.Accordingtotheauthors,weareenteringanageofaccelerateddevelopmentofartificialandrobotictechnology.“Digitalmachineshaveescapedtheirnarrowconfinesandstartedtodemonstratebroadabilitiesinpatternrecognition,complexcommunication,andother sthatusedtobeexclusivelyhuman,”writetheauthors.“We’verecentlyseengreatprogressinnaturallanguagepro-cessing,machinelearning,computervision,simultaneouslocalizationandmap,andmanyother“We’regoingtoseeartificialinligencedomoreandmore,andasthishappenscostswillgo eswillimprove,andourliveswillgetbetter.”AlreadyAIcanhelpblindpeopleseeanddeafpeoplehear.Andwheelchairshavebeeninventedthatcanbecontrolledbythoughts.WearegoingtowitnessmoreinnovationsandwondersmadepossiblebyAI,accordingtotheauthors.However,notallareequallyenthusiasticaboutAI.AFebruaryreportfromtheGlobalChal-lengesFoundationlistedAI,alongsideextremeclimatechange,nuclearwarandecologicalcatastro-phe,as“risksthatthreatenhumancivilization”.Manypreeminentscientistssharethesameconcern.StephenHawkingtoldtheBBClastDecemberthat“thedevelopmentoffullartificialinligencecouldspelltheendofthehumanrace.”“Itwouldtakeoffonitsown,andredesignitselfataneverincreasingrate,”hesaid:“Humans,whoarelimitedbyslowbiologicalevolution,couldn’tcompete,andwouldbereced.”Hawking’sworryechoedthatofTeslaandSpaceXbossElonMusk,whosaidinlastOctoberatanMITconferencethat“weshouldbeverycarefulaboutartificialinligence.IfIhadtoguessatwhatourbiggestexistentialthreatis,it’sprobablythat”.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that“TheImitation isasciencefictionisnotaHollywoodwonOscar-isaboutcleverWhichisNOTtheabilityofdigitalmachines,accordingtoErikBrynjolfssonandAndrew ligenceFingerprintSimultaneousItcannotbeinferredthatartificial ligence completemorehelpcutdownhelpdeafpeoplecontrolpeople’s AIisoneoftherisksthatthreatenhumanthedevelopmentofAIcannotthreatenhumanAImightbesubstitutedforhumansintheAIwouldredesignitselfataslowAsuitabletitleforthistextwould BleakFutureofDoomforHumansintheTextInhis“Odyssey”,Homerimmortalizedtheideaofresistingtemptationbyhavingtheprotagonisttiedtothemastofhisship,tohearyetnotsuccumbtothebeautiful,dangeroussongsoftheSirens.Researchershavelongbeenintriguedastowhetherthisabilitytoavoid,ordefer,gratifica-tionisrelatedto esinlife.Thebest-knowntestisthe“marshmallow”experiment,inwhichchildrenwhocouldrefrainfromeatingtheconfectionfor15minutesweregivenasecondone.Chil-drenwhocouldnotwaittendedtohavelower esandpoorerhealthasadults.Newresearchsuggeststhatkidswhoareunabletodelayrewardsarealsomorelikelyto ecriminalslater.Recently,fourresearchersuseddatafromaSwedishsurveyinwhichmorethan13,000childrenaged13wereaskedwhethertheywouldprefertoreceive$140nowor$1,400infiveyears’time.Aboutfour-fifthsofthemsaidtheywerepreparedtowait.Unlikepreviousresearchers,theauthorswereabletotrackallthechildrenandaccountfortheirparentalbackgroundandcognitiveability.Theyfoundthatthe13-year-oldswhowantedthesmallersumofmoneyatoncewere32%morelikelytobeconvictedofacrimeduringthenext18yearsthanthosechildrenwhosaidtheywouldratherwaitforthebiggerreward.Individualswhoareimpatient,theybelieve,preferinstantbenefitsandarethereforelesslikelytobedeterredbypotentialpunish-Butthosewhofretthata ’scriminalpathissetalreadyasateenagershouldnotdespair.Thefourresearchersofferaremedy.Whentherespondents’educationwasincludedintheysis,theyfoundthathighereducationalattainmentwaslinkedtoapreferencefordelayedgratification.Educationalattainmentandpatiencearerelatedeitherbecausepatiencehelpsstudentstodobetterorbecauseschoolingmakespeoplemorelikelytopostponerewards.Fortunay,thereisevidenceinsupportofthelattertheory.FranciscoPerez-ArceoftheRANDCorporation,athink-,interviewedaround2,000applicantsforMexicanuniversities.Thestudentshadsimilarcredentialsbutsomeobtainedadmissionthroughalotterytoauniversitythatdidnotchargetuitionfees,where-astheresthadtoapplyelsewhere.Asaresult,ahigherproportionoflottery-winnersthanloserswenttocollege.Afterayear,Mr.Perez-Arcefound,thelottery-winnersweremorepatientthanthelosers.Sincetheprocesswasrandom,heconcludedthathighereducationcanmakepeoplecemoreweightonthefuture.The“marshmallow”experimentisatest deferringeatingtheAllofthefollowingmakethenewresearchdifferfromthepreviousones theresearcherstrackedallthetheresearcherssurveyedamuchwiderrangeoftheresearchersexinedthechildren’sparentaltheresearchersconsideredtheparents’cognitiveItisbelievedthatindividualswhoare tendtogetbenefitsatareabletodelaywouldratherwaitforthebiggerareprobablydeterredbypotentialPeoplewhofretthata ’scriminalpathissetalreadycantaketheremedialaction kee avoidingItisconcludedthateducationalattainmentandpatiencearerelated patiencehelpsstudentstodohighereducationcanmakepeoplevaluethefutureTextEversinceMuzakstartedserenadingpatronsofhosandrestaurantsinthe1930s,piped-inmusichasbeenpartoftheconsumerexperience.Withoutthethrobofasynthesiseroraguitar’stwang,shopperswouldsensesomethingmissingastheytriedonnsorfilleduptrolleys.Special-istslikeMoodMedia,whichboughtMuzakin2011,deviseaudioprogrammestoinfluencethefeelofshopsandcatertocustomers’tastes.Theideaistoentertain,andtherebyprolongthetimeshop-persspendinstores,saysClaudeNahon,thefirm’sinternationalchief.MusicbyfamoussworksbetterthanthegenericstuffthatpeopleassociatewithMuzak.TheembarrassingbrandnamewasdroppedinOnlineshopisanunder-exploredareaofmerchandisingmusicology.Anewstudycommis-sionedbyeBay,ashopwebsite,aimstocorrectthat.Some1,900participantswereaskedtosimulateonlineshopwhilelisteningtodifferentsounds.Someresultswereunsurprising.Thenoiseofroadworksandcryingbabiessouredshoppers’viewsoftheproductsonoffer.Chirrubirdsencouragedsalesofbarbecuesbutnotblendersorboardgames.Soundsassociatedwithqualityandluxuryseemedtobehazardousforshoppers’wallets.Thestudyfoundclassicalmusicandrestaurantbuzzcausedthemtooverestimatethequalityofgoodsonofferandtopaymorethantheyshould.Thatbacksupearlierresearchwhichfoundthatshoppersex-posedtoclassicalmusicinawinestoreboughtmoreexpensivebottlesthanthosehearingpop.EBaywantsconsumerstoavoidsuchunhealthyinfluenceswhenshoponline.Ithasblend-edbirdsong,dreamymusicandthesoundofarollingtrainthoughttobepleasantbutnotoverlyse-ductivetohelpthembuymoresensibly.RetailerscouldpresumablycounterbyturninguptheChopin.“Classicalmusicdoesseemtobethewaytogo”ifyouronlyinterestisthenarrowoneofsqueezingasmuchmoneyaspossiblefromyourele,saysthestudy’sauthor,PatrickFagan,alectureratGoldsmiths,partoftheUniversityofLondon.Fewtraditionalshopsarelikelytousethattactic.H&M,aclothesretailer,airs“trendy,up-tempo”musicfromnews,whileNespresso’scoffeeboutiquesgofor“lounge-y”sounds,saysMr.Nahon.Grocerystores,withabroadfollowing,ytop40hits.Thetempotendstobeslowerinthemornings,whenshoppersaresparserandolder,and esmorequickandlivelyasthedaygoeson.ThebrandnameMuzakwasdroppedin2013because waswasboughtbyMoodMediainwasoftenassociatedwithgenericThesound mayincreasesalesofboardcryingTheword“hazardous”(Para.3)probably [B][C] [D]Thesoundwhichhelpscustomersbuymore belongstoclassicalincludesthesoundofarollingsoundsnoisyandisoverlyItcanbeinferredthatafashionshopshould toattracttrendyandup-tempo“lounge-y”slowandtenderquickandlivelyPartReadthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespond-inginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyouran-swersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)APicassopaintingvaluedatabout$140millionisthecenterpieceofanewtypeofauctionatChristie’s,combiningModernandcontemporaryartworksspanning100years,thatwillkick-startitspostwarandcontemporarysalesinNewYorkinMay.ScheduledforMay11,“LookingForwardtothePast”isaneveningsaleofabout25lotsorga-nizedbyLoicGouzer,ofChristie’spostwarandcontemporaryartdepartment.Mr.GouzerwasalsothespecialistresponsibleforChristie’smuch-hyped“IfILiveI’llSeeYouTuesday”auctionof35worksbyfashionablecontemporarynames,whichraised$134.6millionlastMay.“Traditionally,peoplewouldstartbycollectingImpressionistandModernart,andthengradu-allyturntocontemporary,”Mr.Gouzersaid.“Recently,we’reseeingthecontrary.Collectorsstartwithcontemporary,andthentheystarttolookforotherworksthathavequality,relevanceandfresh-Picasso,whodiedat91in1973,hasneverthelesstraditionallybeenincludedinauctionsofIm-pressionistandModernart.ButChristie’ssaidthatthebroadening baseattheweekofcon-temporaryartsalesinNewYorkwascrucialinpersuadinganunidentifiedsellertocomeforwardwithPicasso’s1955canvas“LesFemmesd’Alger(Version‘O’),”aroundwhichtheauctionhousefashionedits“LookingForwardtothePast”sale.InspiredbyEugeneDelacroix’s1834Orientalistmasterpiece,“WomenofAlgiers,”thiswasoneofanumberofworksPicassoproducedinthe1950sand1960sinresponsetoearliersheadmired.Thisparticularpaintingwaslastseenonthemar-ketinNovember1997,whenitwasboughtbytheLondondealerLibbyHowie,onthebehalfof,for$31.9millionatChristie’sauctionfromthecollectionoftheAmericansVictorandSallyChristie’snewvaluationofabout$140milliononthissuperiorPicassoranksasoneofthehighestestimateseverputonanartworkatauction.FrancisBacon’s“ThreeStudiesofLucianFreud,”whichsoldforarecord$142.4millionatChristie’sinNovember2013,carriedapresaleestimateofmorethan$85million.Christie’shasguaranteedthesellerof“LesFemmesd’Alger(Version‘O’)”anundisclosedminimumprice.Itwouldnotspecifywhetherthisguaranteehadbeenfundedbytheauctionhouseorbyathirdparty.Lastweek,Mr.Gouzerpostedanimageofa1938PicassopaintingofDoraMaaronThatworkwillbeinhissalewithanestimateofmorethan$50million.Buttherearestillgaps,Mr.Gouzersaid.“I’mstilllookingfora1960sCarlAndre.”[A]isanauctionorganizedbyLoic41.LookingForwardtothe[B]isaneveningsaleof35contemporary42.LesFemmesd’Alger(Version[C]isPicasso’s1955paintingvaluedatabout$14043.Womenof[D]isPicasso’s1938paintingestimatedmore$5044.ThreeStudiesofLucian[E]isEugeneDelacroix’s1834Orientalist45.Dora[F]wasproducedbyFrancisBaconinthe1950s[G]setarecordof$142.4millionatSectionⅢ Jobs’geniusforcreatingproductsandhismarketingtalenthavelongbeenhailed.Allofthatcomesthroughin ingSteveJobs,Schlender’sandTetzeli’snewbook.TheycontendthatJobswasafarmorecomplexandinterestingmanthanthehalf-genius/half-jerkstereotype,andagoodpartoftheirbookisanattempttocraftamoreroundedportrait.Whatmakestheirbookimportantisthattheyalsocontendpersuasively,Ibelievethat,thestereotypenotwithstanding,hewasnotthesamemaninhisprimethathehadbeenatthebeginningofhiscareer.Theinexperienced,impulsive,arrogantyouthwhoco-foundedApplewasverydiffer-entfromthematureandthoughtfulmanwhoreturnedtohisstrugglingcreationandturneditintoa madebreathtakingproductswhile ingthedominanttechnology ofourtime.Hadhenotchanged,theywrite,hewouldnothavesucceeded.SectionⅣPartSupposeyouareapplyingforavolunteerforaninternationalconference.Writean tothecommitteetoexpressyourinteresttobethevolunteer,showyourskillsthatwillhelpyouforthevolunteering.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”Donotwriteyouraddress.(10PartWriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youinterpretthechart,Youshouldwriteatleast150WriteyouressayontheANSWESHEET.(15（单位：百万0Q12014Q22014Q32014Q42014Q12015Q22014年第季度~2015年第二季 每月活跃用户数量变化2016年招生考试英语(二)156SectionⅠUseof总总体本文共有六段主要围绕移动设备对我们的影响展开论述。本文把移动设备与疾病生物作对比，第一段 ：个人移动技术正在风靡全球；第二、三段阐述个人移动设备与疾病生物体之间的相似性；第四、五段通过实验说明“科技瘾”产生的原因。第六段讲移动设备对我们而言更像是共生生物体而非。【参考答案】【试题考点】名词辨析+上下文语义【答案精解】此处意为“在西方国家的担忧埃博拉的之际，一种更为常见但远没那 ，正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中”。根据Ebola和wintersniffle可知epidemic“流行病”符合题意，故B.epidemic为正确答案。phenomenon“现象”，issue“问题”和event“”均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】形容词辨析+上下文语义【答案精解】此处意为“疾病生物体与个人设备之间的相似性是 ”。根据下文，可知本段都在阐述疾病生物体和个人设备之间的相似性，dothesamething是关键信息。故A.striking“引人注目的；显著的”符合题意，为正确答案。obscure“晦涩的，不清楚的”，interest-ing“令人感的，有趣的”，mysterious“神秘的；难以理解的”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】动词辨析【答案精解】此处意为“为了繁殖和，和其他寄生物控制更大的生物体，资源”。根据句意，可知这种资源的获得是强行的，grab“抢占，夺取”符合题意，故C.bing为正确答案。rely“依靠，依赖”，choose“挑选，选择”，use【参考答案】【试题考点】固定搭配【答案精解】此处意为“智能和其他小玩意也做着同样的事，它们靠 人类日益增长的注意力……”，feedon意为“以……为食，以……为能源”，在此处比喻为“靠吸引人类的注意力而获得成功”，故B.feedingon为正确答案。takeover“接受，接管”，catchup“赶上，追上”，allowfor“考虑到，体谅”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】介词辨析+上下文语义【答案精解】此处d短语做后置定语修饰electricity，意为“ 电线枢纽提供的电力”。由此判断填入一个表示“通过”的介词，故排除A.with和C.to。over和via都有“通过”的意思，但是via更强调凭借某种途径，over强调“越过……”，故D.via符合题意，为正确答【参考答案】【试题考点】固定搭配【答案精解】此处意为“人们很容易 噬菌体和平板都存在什么‘战略’，尽管这两者都没有感觉”。结合下文可知，此处表示因果关系，attributeto“把某事归因于(某事)符合题意，故C.atrribute为正确答案。pointto“标明，指向”，turnto“（使）转向；（使）变成；求助于”，prefer...to...“更喜欢”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】逻辑关系【答案精解】根据上文可知，人们很容易认为噬菌体和平板都存在什么“战略”，尽管这两者都没有感觉。空格后讲述的内容则与上文不一致，暗含转折意味。故A.Insead“相反地”符合题意，为正确答案。Moreover“再者，此外”，表示递进；Therefore“因此，所以”，表示因果；Oherwse“否则，另外”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】语法结构+上下文语义【答案精解】此处意为“这个过程是渐进性的，由很多随机突变构成， 大批产品设计者就此进行实验的那样”。分析句子结构可知，此句不缺少句子成分，主句为theprocessisevolutionary，consistingofmanyrandomevolutions为插入语，空格后应为一个状语从句，故B.as“正如”为正确答案。其他三项均不符合【参考答案】【试题考点】名词辨析+上下文语义【答案精解】此处意为“科技 是通过主动习得的反应也就是动物行为学家所说的‘操作性条件反射’患上的”。根据上下文可知，addiction“着迷；嗜好”与Tech搭配意为“科技瘾”，故D.addiction符合题意，为正确答案。progress“进步，进展”，term“术语，条款”和crisis“”与Tech搭配后，均与文中的“主动习得”不符，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】形容词辨析+上下文语义【答案精解】此处意为“它被关在一个名叫‘斯金纳箱’的 笼子里”。文章并没有此箱子的性质、大小，但我们可以推测出这个箱子是为了实验而特意制作的。故B.special“特殊的”符合题意，为正确答案。dangerous“的”，large“大的”，funny“有趣的”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】动词辨析+上下文语【答案精解】此处意为“如果解开谜题，这只动物会得到一点食物作为 ；如果没能解开，便会遭到电击以示惩罚”。此句前后为对称结构，根据后面的punished可推断此处应选与之相对的rewarded“”，故A.rewarded为正确答案。resist“抵抗，”，resume“重新开始，继续”，reverse“反转，交换”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】副词辨析+上下文语【答案精解】此处意为“当我们 看时，我们是否正受到的正向刺激，在寻求？”根据上下文可知，此处要表达当人们不停地看时，即前文所说的“科技瘾”，故D.endlessly“不休，永久地”为正确答案。anxiously“焦急地”，occasionally“偶尔，偶然”，happily“高兴地”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】固定搭配+上下文语【答案精解】此处意为“有点像一个人从严谨的科学角度，一名在淋浴时得到的想法”。withholdsth.fromsth./sb.意为“不给，给”，此处表示“赞同的想法”，故B.from符合题意，为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】动词辨析+上下文语【答案精解】此处意为“与此同时，科技巨头们会 移动设备的流行要归功于他们的设计很有水平”，这与上文所阐述的观点角度不同，因此argue“争论，辩称”符合题意，故C.argue为正确答案。support“支持”，approve“赞同”，insist“坚持，强调”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】动词辨【答案精解】此处意为“这恰恰是那些思维过程已被的准生物体 的人愿意相信的”。根据句意可知，modify“修改，变更”符合题意，故D.modified为正确答案。form“形成，产生”，separate“分离，分开”，classify“分类，归类”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】副词辨析+上下文语【答案精解】此处意为“，移动技术引起的症状不如生理疾病那般严重”。根据上下文尤其是下一句的Thereareevenbenefits可知，此处要表达的是“幸运的是”，故C.Fortunate-ly符合题意，为正确答案。Surprisingly“惊人地”，Importantly“重要地”，Regrettably“令人遗憾地”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】动词辨析+【答案精解】此处意为“对那些因常光顾星巴克使用免费Wi-Fi而导致注意力集中时间缩短、体内过多的‘患者’来说，移动技术甚至提供了一些好处来 他们”。句中的for暗示此处填入与for搭配的动词。compensatefor意为“赔偿……的损失”符合题意，故A.compensate为正确答案。help“帮助”，comfort“安慰”，improve“改善，提高”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】动词辨析【答案精解】此处意为“最重要的是，你在像阿拉斯加那么远的地方也能 英国《金融》”。obtain“获得，得到”，在此引申为“看到，读到”。故B.obtain符合题意，为正确答案。share“共享，”，observe“观察”，均不符合题意；subscribe表示“订阅”需和to连用。【参考答案】【试题考点】固定搭配+上下文语义【答案精解】此处意为“，移动设备更像是共生生物体，而不是”。空格后面是论述完上文后的结论，inthissense“从这点来看”符合题意，因此B.sense为正确答案。inthispart“在这部分”，inthislevel“在这个水平”，inthisway“用这种方式”，均不符合题意，故排除。【参考答案】【试题考点】形容词辨【答案精解】此处意为“这使它 是一种帮助人维持生命的肠道细菌，而非可能害死你的”。下文ratherthan“而不是”提示此处表示“是”，因此C.similar“类似的，相似的”符合题意，为正确答案。adaptive“适应的”；careful“仔细的，的”；captive“能够的，有能力的”，均不符合题意，故排除。重点词汇 [p藜謖 a.普遍的，扩大 [謣epI謖 n.流行病；迅速的 [謖 n.轻微感 [謖m蘧ltI v.繁殖；滋 [蘧m謖 n.种脐 [feId廾 n.抗生素，噬菌 a.有感知能力的；有知觉力的 [謖 n.小团；小 [謣Intes謖 a.肠的；肠 [b覸k謖tI藜rI藜 n.细betriggeredby... 由……引起，触发全文翻译在西方国家的担忧埃博拉的之际，一种更为常见但远没那么有害的流行病，正冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中，那就是个人移动技术疾病生物体与个人设备之间的相似性是惊人的。为了繁殖和，和其他寄生物控更大的生物体，并篡夺资源。智能和其他小玩意也做着同样的事，它们靠“食用”人类日益增长的注意力和通过电线枢纽提供的电力过活。人们很容易认为噬菌体和平板都存在什么“战略，尽管这两者都没有感觉。其实，这个过程是渐进性的由很多随机突变构成正如大批产品设计者就此进行实验的那样。这就让它变得更具。“科技瘾”是通过主动习得的反应也就是动物行为学家所说的“操作性条件反射患上的。这里举出的科学上的比照物也涉及啮齿动物（通常是老鼠），它被关在一个名叫“斯金纳箱的特殊笼子里。如果解开谜题，这只动物会得到一点食物作为；如果没能解开，便会遭到电击以示惩罚。“当我们不停地看时，我们是否正受到的正向刺激，在寻求？”圣安德鲁斯大学动物行为学家戴维·舒凯尔问道。这听起来有点像一个人从严谨的科学角度，赞同一名在淋浴时得到的想法。舒凯尔称，有必要对此进行研究。与此同时，科技巨头们会辩称，移动设备的流行要归功于他们的设计很有水平。这恰恰是那些思维过程已被的准生物体修改的人愿意相信的。幸运的是，移动技术引起的症状不如生理疾病那般严重。对那些因常光顾星巴克使用免费Wi-Fi而导致注意力集中时间缩短、体内过多的“患者”来说，移动技术甚至提供了一些好处来补偿他们。最重要的是，你在像阿拉斯加那么远的地方也能看到英国《》。从这点来看，移动设备更像是共生生物体，而不是。这使它看起来更像是一种帮助人维持生命的肠道细菌，而非可能害死你的。SectionⅡReadingPart总体分析

Text本文主要讲英国的超市整体销售业绩不佳，以及它们如何应对困境。全文共五段。第一段讲超市的困境，第二段讲超市面对困境采取的解决办法，第三段讲超市存活的关键在于市场定位，第四段讲网络的存在使超市仍有发展的机遇，最后一段以Teco超市为例，说明适当也是应对困境的办法之一。试题详解【参考答案】【试题类型【题干信息】NOTAldiandLidihavedonetomostofBritain’s【答案精解】根据题干定位到第一段原文Thehard-discountstores,Aldiandtoundercutthem,gobblingupmarketshare,whilefallingfoodpricesateintotheirprofits.可知A、B、C项都符合原文。D项“使英国大部分超市的食品成本增加”不符合原文，原文只是说“食品价格下降”，因此D项为正确答案。【参考答案】【试题类型】细节【题干信息】clearlessen,Paragraph【答案精解根据题干定位到第二段。原文Yetheesonromeseesusscer接下来讲到rocerswhaceryefedposonnheretwlconneopospr,utorhosewhoutoneeesoeanocoe.并以arose为例说明。由此可见，eeson指的就是零售商要有清晰的目标市场。B项为正确答案。A项追随暴富的折扣店C项“降低价格D项有中端市场的竞争对手均与题意不符。【参考答案】【试题类型】推断【题干信息】Paragraph【答案精解】根据题干定位到第三段。此题适合使用排除法。A项与原文Waitrose,atthetopendofthemarket不符，B项与原文LidlandAldiatthebottom不符。第三段最后一句Itwillalsomuddyperceptionsofwhotheirtargetcustomersreallyare，其中it指的是Asda,Sains-bury’sandTescoannouncedfurtherpricecutsWaitrose没关系，排除C项。原文Therestarestrandedinthemiddle，其中包括Tesco，因此D项为正确答案。【参考答案】【试题类型】含义【题干信息】“gizmos”(Para.【答案精解】根据题干定位到第四段。原文Mostofthesupermarketsaretryingoutnewdigitalgizmostomakeshopeasier.接下来就举例：Waitroseisexperimentingwithahome-scan-ningdevicecalledHiku.由此可以推断gizmos就是device之类的意思。因此C项为正确答案。gizmos意为“小装置，小玩意儿”。【参考答案】【试题类型】推断【题干信息】thelast【答案精解】根据题干定位到最后一段。本段讲Tesco在伦敦的经营情况好于其他地区，因为Storemanagersinthecapitalhaveenjoyedmoreautonomyto，末句又说Devolu-tionseemssimple,buteffective.可见也是改善超市经营情况的方法之一，因此A项为正确答案。B项“Tesco没有理由悲观”属于过度推断，原文只是讲TherearegroundsforoptimismevenatTesco（就算是Tesco，也有乐观的理由）。C项“Tesco应该合并其在其他地区的”，D项“Tesco在伦敦的错过了当地的发展机会”，在原文没有根据。重点词汇[p鬑蘩a.时髦的；豪华的；精美[str覸v.搁浅，陷入困境[謖m蘧v.（使）变得泥泞；变得v.（价格、价值等[謖klem藜a.（尤指气候） [謖弈Izm藜尬 n.小玩意儿，小装gobble 蚕食fendoff 抵挡，，应对，避开全文翻译英国的超市很少像现在这样期待圣诞节的销售业绩，因为他们心怀焦虑。这种情形着实见。在2014年，大部分超市，特别是Tesco这个市场领头羊，过得很艰难。Aldi和Lidl这样的超低折扣商铺，不断挖它们的墙角，他们的市场份额。而下降的食品价格使得超市的利润率Asda的安德鲁·克拉克，早已警惕前方比这更有性的日子。然而上述结局带来的教训也是显而易见的。在市场中具有清晰定位的零售商将继续繁荣下去，而那些仍旧没有明确定位的，仍窘境。比如Waitrose，它依旧坚定且旗帜鲜明地保持高雅风格，追随那些一家名为“行星零售”的组织的成员娜塔莉·伯格认为，在竞争激烈的零售商市场中存的关键，在于给顾客留下一个“清晰、目标明确、持久”的品牌形象。Waitrose定位于高端市场，而Lidl和Aldi则占据了市场，它们都很好地了这一理念。其余的卡在中间，想着面向所有消费群体，做所有产品。例如，这周Asda，Sainsbury’s和Tesco宣布进一步下调价格。这或许能对折扣店的攻势抵挡一阵子，但同时也模糊了它们的目标消费人群。不过对于超市来说也不全是坏消息。更为温和的经济环境应能帮助他们所有人。下跌的油 这确实是新鲜事和上涨的工资使得顾客们的荷包鼓起来。结果也表明，互联网的存在使得超市获益。这点还是Waitrose做得好：跟一年前相比，圣诞节期间的食品杂货销售额依靠服务增长了26%。大部分超市尝试使用新的数码设备使得购物变得简单。Waitrose在试验一种叫作Hiku的家庭扫描小装置。它允许人们在家扫描Waitrose商品上的条码以便把商品放入购物车中。坎塔尔零售的分析师布莱恩·罗伯茨则认为，就算是Tesco也有乐观的理由。经过多年经营，Tesco在伦敦的，其经营情况好于其他地区。伦敦的经理享有的自主经营权，他们能为所在区域生活或工作的居民提供适合他们的货品。看似简单，却很有效。Text总体分析本文共六段。第一段讲人工智能已经成为流行文化的热门话题，并以两部为例说明。第二至四段讲一本著作的两位作者看好人工智能的发展前景。最后两段讲还有一些人认为人工智能的发展是对人类的巨大。试题详解【参考答案】【试题类型】推断【题干信息】Paragraph1TheImitation【答案精解】根据题干定位到第一段。根据原文thereleaseofOscar-nominatedandwinning-biopic,“TheImitationGame”可知它是一部传记片（biopic），而不是科幻片，排除A项并且获得了奥斯卡提名，因此C项正确。由anotherHollywoodfilmaboutcleverrobotsChappie可知TheImitationGame也是好莱坞，且Chappieisaboutcleverrobots故排除B、D两项【参考答案】【试题类型】细节【题干信息】NOTtheabilityofdigitalmachines,ErikBrynjolfssonandAndrew【答案精解】根据题干定位到第二、三段。本题适合使用排除法。A、D两项都是第三段的原文再现。第三段还提到patternrecognition，C项“识别”属于模式识别的范畴。B项“产生智力”，原文没有提到，因此为正确答案。【参考答案】【试题类型】推断【题干信息】cannotbeinferred,artificialin【答案精解】根据题干定位到第四段。D项controlpeople’sthought（控制人们的思想）与原文Andwheelchairshavebeeninventedthatcanbecontrolledbythoughts不符，原文是说轮椅可以通过思想来控制。Acompletemorechores对应于原文domoreandmore，B项helpcutdowncosts对应于原文asthishappenscostswillgodown，C项为原文再现。因此D项为正确答案。【参考答案】【试题类型】细节【题干信息】Stephen【答案精解】根据题干定位到第五段。C项“或许在将来会用人工智能取代人类”是原文Hu-mans...andwouldbereced的同义替换，为正确答案。A项“人工智能是人类文明的之一”是GlobalChallengesFoundation的观点。B项“人工智能的发展不会到人类”与StephenHawking说的thedevelopmentof