杰克伦敦讲义

JackLondon(1876-1916)BiographyLiterarycareerMajorworksWritingstyle&ThemeSignificanceTheSeaWolfJackLondon’sLifeHewasborninSanFranciscoonJanuary12,1876,theillegitimatesonofaself-taughtmanandaneccentricwoman.HetookthelastnameofhisstepfatherandwascalledJohnGriffithLondon.Attheageof13,hetookajobinacannery,andattheageof15hewasthecaptainofanoysterpirateboat.Helivedonthefringesofsocietyuntilhewasseventeen.

In1893hebecameasailor.Forthenextfouryearsheworkedhiswayaroundtheworld.Determinedtogetaneducation,hewenttohighschoolattheageofnineteen,enteredpreparatoryschool,andthenspendasemesterasaspecialstudentattheUniversityofCaliforniain1896.Londonhadtodropoutafterafewmonthstomakemoneyforthefamily.Buthereadextensivelybyhimself.HeasatrampandparticipationintheKlondikegoldrush（淘金热）in1897.Hefailedtofindgold,buttheexperiencebecamearichsourceforhisliterarycreationlater.In1916heresignedfromtheSocialistPartybecausehecouldnotresolvethetensionexemplifiedinhisfiction.Hediedofuraemia(尿毒症)onNovember22.Newsboy报童(at10)

↓Oysterpirate(16) ↓Ahardlaborer(muscleseller)

↓Atramp流浪者,beggar(at18)

Aknowledgepursuer

↓Asuccessfulwriter

↓Arancher(大农场主)

ThePeopleoftheAbyss(1903)深渊中旳人们Loveoflife热爱生命TheCalloftheWild(1903)野性旳呼唤TheSeaWolf(1904)海狼WhiteFang(1906)白牙TheIronHeel(1908)铁蹄MartinEden(1909)马丁.伊登TheValleyoftheMoon(1912)月谷TheStarRover(1915)星游人TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse(1916)大屋里旳小妇人HisMajorWorksWritingStyleForcefulandcolorfulSubjectivityandenthusiasmNaturalismmingledwithRomanticismLimitations:formless,clumsyyetvigorousstyle;stiffandstereotypedcharactersanddialoguesThemeofJackLondon’sWorksInfluencedbyMarxismandDarwinism,andalsobyNietzsche’s(尼采)viewofsuperman,Londonbelievedbothinthesuccessoftheworkingclassandinthetriumphofthestrongest

individuals.Primitiveviolence,Anglo-Saxonsupremacy,biologicalevolution,classwarfare,andmechanisticdeterminism.StrongandweakindividualsinthecontextofirresistiblenaturalforcessuchastheseaorthedesertSignificanceBreakingthroughsomeforbiddenareainliterature(violence,death,sexetc.)Greatlyinfluencingthe20thcenturywriterssuchasHemingwayandFaulknerHopeforhumancivilizationFatherofAmericanproletariat(工人阶级)literatureRealist,spokesmanofsocialismGreatthinkerTheSeaWolfWolfLarsen:thecaptainofshipGhost.HumphreyvanWeyden:asurvivorfromastormandthenbecamethemateofGhost.MaudBrewster:aladywhoWolfLarsenandWeydenloved.GeneralPlotsWeydenmetahugestormandallpeopleontheshipweredisappeared,buthewassavedbythecookofGhost.Hebecameacabinboy.Hehelpedthecookwashdishesandcutpotatoes.Inthemeanwhile,hefoundWolfLarsen'scrueltyandselfishness,buthealsorealizedthedifferencebetweenthecaptainandtheotherpeopleontheship.Heandthecaptaindiscussedaboutphilosophy,literature,astronomy,etc.Manysailorswantedtokillcaptain,soatlast,Weydenbecamethemostreliablepersontocaptainandhewasappointedasthematetohelpthecaptain.GeneralPlotsAfterastorm,Maudwassavedbythem,andthecaptainfellinlovewithher,butshewasalwaysafraidofhim.Weydenlovedher,too.Finally,Humphreyandshedecidedtoescapefromthe"hell”.WeydenandMaudlandedonanisland.Theylearnttobuildhousesbysealskin.Lifewashappythoughhardbeforethe"Ghost"came.WolfhadnoabilitytokillWeydenforbadheadache.WeydenandMaudtriedtorebulidtheship.ButWolfdestroyedtheirwork.Wolfwasblindatlast,andhisillnessmadehimveryweakly.Asaresult,hisrightearcouldn'thear,evencouldnotmovehisrightarmorleg.ButMaudandWeydenstilltookcareofhim.Daybyday,Wolfbecameweakerandweaker,finally,hekilledhimself.TheSummaryThisbooknotonlydescribesthefightbetweenhumanbeingsandnature,butalsothefightbetweenmanandman.WolfLarsenbelievedthatthebigcreatureseatthelittleones,andheneverrespectedothers'livesatall.Bythosecharacters,wecanseetheconflictionofcivilizationanduncivilization,thestruggleofhumanityandinhumanity.Itshowstheauthor'sviewsandvaluesoflife,anditalsopraisedhumanbeings'noblespirits.Jack’snotablesayingsYouthisalwaysyoungandelderlywillonlygrowold

青年总是年青，只有老年才会变老

Theonlywaytogetsmartistobuywiththeyouth