系列教学设计（第1课时）：Great Scientists

Unit1GreatScientists教学设计

（第1课时）

Reading

[ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims]

1.KnowledgeAim

Haveagoodunderstandingofthetextthroughtheexercises.

2.AbilityAims

Graspsomereadingskills.

Developtheabilitytodescribesomefamousscientists.

3.EmotionalAims

Encouragethestudentstoworkhardattheirlessonsinordertodevotethemselvestoscience.

[TeachingImportantPoints]

1.Haveagoodunderstandingofthetextbydoingtheexercises.

2.Getthestudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallygistreadingandcomprehendingbeyondlines.

[TeachingDifficulties]

1.Knowthemeaningsbetweenlinesandbeyondlines.

2.Learndifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.

[TeachingAids]

Multi-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.

[TeachingProcedure]

Step1Greeting

T:Hello,myfriends.

Ss:Hello,MissYang.

Step2Revision

T:Yesterdaywetalkedalotaboutgreatscientists.NowI’dlikeyoutoanswersomequestionstoseehowmuchyourememberaboutthem.Let’scometoagroupcompetition.Ifyouknowtheanswer,youcanjuststandup.Ifyougetyouranswerright,I’llgiveyoutenmarks.Areyouready?Listencarefully.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Anyvolunteer?

S:Archimedes.

T:Right.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?

S:CharlesDarwin.

T:Yes.Doyoustillrememberthetitleofthebook?

S:OntheOriginofSpecies.

T:Verygood.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?

S:JamesWatt.

T:You’vedoneagoodjob.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?

S:GregorMendel.

T:Canyousaysomethingabouthim?

S:OK.Hisresearchgavebirthtothescienceofgenetics.

T:Welldone.Whodiscoveredradium?

S:MadameCurie.

T:Yes,weknowsheisagreatwomanscientist.Weshouldrememberwhatshesaid.Lifeisnoteasyforanyofus.Wemustwork,andaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.Wemustbelievethateachoneofusisabletodosomethingwell,andthat,whenwediscoverwhatthissomethingis,wemustworkhardatituntilwesucceed.

T:Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?

S:Faraday.

T:Youareright.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?

S:LeonardodaVinci.

T:Yes.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?

S:HumphreyDavy.

T:Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?

S:ZhangHeng.

T:Doyouknowwhatheinvented?

S:Heinventedseismograph.

T:Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?

S:StephenHawking.

T:Hewroteafamousbook.What’sthetitleofit?

S:ABriefHistoryofTime.

T:Allofyoudidagoodjob.Forthetimebeing,thefirst/second...groupwonthecompetition.Buttherearealotofchancesforyoutocatch.Wewillcontinueourcompetitionlater.

Step3NewWords

T:TodaywearegoingtoreadanewpassageaboutanotherscientistnamedJohnSnow.Firstlet’scometonewwords.Herearesomedefinitionsofsomeofthewordsfromthistext.Pleaseworkinpairsandmatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.

A.attend

B.control

C.handle

D.blame

E.absorb

F.announce

G.immediately

H.belinkedto

I.inaddition

J.expose

1.havecontrol,authority,powerover

2.partofatool,bucket,drawer,etc.bywhichitmaybeheldinthehand

3.takeorsuckin

4.atonceorwithoutdelay

5.uncover,leaveuncoveredorunprotected

6.aswell,besides

7.bejoinedwith,beconnectedwith

8.waiton,serve,lookafter

9.fixonsb.theresponsibilityforsth.doneornotdone

10.makeknown

Suggestedanswers:

B—1C—2E—3G—4J—5I—6H—7A—8D—9F—10

Step4Pre-reading

T:Therearesomanyscientiststhatwecan’tcountthem.Butallthescientistsmusthavetheirscientificattitudeandscientificwaytodoscientificresearch.NowopenyourbooksonPage1.LookatthequestionsinPre-readingquicklyanddiscussthemwithyourpartnerintwominutes.

(Teachergivesthestudentstwominutestodiscuss.Afterthat,theteacherasksthemtoanswerthethreequestions.)

T:First,let’stalkaboutinfectiousdiseases.Canyounamesome?Let’scometoagroupcompetitionagain.Ifyougetyouranswerright,I’llgiveyoutenmarks.

Ss:Birdflu,SARS,Cholera...

T:WhatdoyouknowaboutCholera?

S:Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.

S:Cholerawasspreadbygerms.

S:Itwasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.

S:Peoplewhoareinfectedwithitwillbeeasytodie.

S:...

T:Excellent.Now,let’scometoQuestion2.Howcanweproveanewideainscientificresearch?Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?

Ss:findaproblem—makeupaquestion—thinkofamethod—collectresults—analyzetheresults—repeatifnecessary—drawaconclusion.

Step5Reading

1.Firstreading:Scanning

T:Hereisanothergreatscientist.Maybeyouarenotfamiliarwithhim.LookathispictureonPage2.JohnSnowwasthegreatscientistwhodefeatedKingCholera.Scanthepassageandtickoutwhatarementionedinthepassage?Iwillgiveyoutwominutes.

(1)JohnSnow’swish

(2)JohnSnow’sattendingQueenVictoria

(3)twotheoriesexplainingthecauseofCholera

(4)JohnSnow’sexaminationofthesourceofthewater

(5)evidenceforthecauseofCholera

(6)thesourceofallwatersupplies

(7)thespreadofCholerabygermsinpollutedwater

Suggestedanswers:

(1)(3)(4)(5)(7)arementionedinthepassage.

2.Secondreading:Skimmingtofindoutthemainideaforeachparagraph

T:Skimeachparagraphandfindoutthemainideaforeachone.Whenyouwanttofindthemainideaofeachparagraph,youespeciallypayattentiontothefirstsentenceandthelastone,whichmayhelpyoufindthemainideaquickly.Iwillgiveyouthreeminutestodoit.

(Theteacheroffersthreeminutesforthestudentstodoit.Lateraskssomestudentstoanswer.)

Suggestedanswers:

Para1:BriefintroductiontoJohnSnowandCholera.

Para2:TwotheoriesexplainingthecauseofCholera

Para3-5:Themethodoftestingtheories.

Para6:Conclusion

3.Thirdreading:Detailed-readingtoanswerquestions

T:Now,let’sreadthepassagecarefullytolearnaboutmoredetails.LaterIwillletyouanswersomequestionsandfillinthechart.Let’scometoagroupcompetitionagain.Ifyougetyouranswerright,I’llgiveyoutwentymarks.

ScientificReportbyJohnSnow

Theproblem

Thecause

Idea1

Idea2

Themethod

Theresults

Idea1or2?Why?

Theconclusion

1.WhatproblemexistedinLondonathistime?

2.HowdidCholerakillpeople?

3.Howdidheprovethesecondtheorywascorrect?

4.WhatwastheresultafterhelookedintothecauseofCholera?

5.Whichideawasright?Why?

6.Whatconclusiondidhedraw?

Suggestedanswers:

ScientificReportbyJohnSnow

Theproblem

ThousandsofpeoplediedofCholeraeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.

Thecause

Idea1Choleramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.

Idea2Peopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

Themethod

Hebegantogathertheinformation.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandthemapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.Helookedintothesourceofthewater.

Theresults

Pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.PeoplewhodrankthepollutedwaterdiedofCholera.

Idea1or2?Why?

Idea2iscorrect.HefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondonthatwerelinkedtothepollutedwater.Withthisextraevidence,hewasabletoannouncethatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.

Theconclusion

“KingCholera”wasdefeated.

4.FourthReading:Furtherunderstanding

T:Fromthepassage,weknowthatJohnSnowbelievedthatIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?Ifyougetyouranswerright,I’llgiveyouthirtymarks.

Ss:JohnSnowbelievedinthesecondtheorybutneededtoprovethathewascorrect.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854anditspreadquicklythroughthepoorneighborhoods,hebegantogathertheinformation.Hedeterminedtofindoutwhy.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandthemapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.HelookedintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreet.HehadshownthatCholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.Inaddition,hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondonthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.TheydiedofCholeraafterdrinkingthepollutedwater.Withextraevidence,hewasabletoannouncethatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Finally“KingCholera’wasdefeated.

T:Youreallydidagoodjob.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?Why?Ifyougetyouranswerright,I’llgiveyouthirtymarks.

S:Ithinkhewouldhavesolvedtheproblem.ButhewouldspendmoretimeintestingthetwotheoriesanditwouldbemoredifficultforhimtolookintothecauseofCholera.

(Theteachershouldgivethemabouttwominutestodiscuss,andjoininthediscussionatthesametime.Afterthat,thestudentswillbeaskedtoshowtheiropinionstothewholeclass.)

Step6Consolidation

T:Inthisperiod,wehavelearnedalotaboutJohnSnowandKingCholera.Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?Iwillgiveyouoneminutetoprepareforit.Ifyoursentenceisquitegood,I’llgiveyouthirtymarks.

(Afteroneminute.)

S1:JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.

S2:HeattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.

S3:Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.

S4:JohnSnowhadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.

S5:JohnSnowannouncedthatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.

S6:...

T:Yoursentencesaresowonderfulandamazing.Iadmirethemverymuch.Whowouldliketoretellthe