分析成果讲稿

CHARTEREDINSTITUTEOFBUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONVOCABULARYANDAPPLICATIONSChiefHuRenDavidLiQuekKarPiawChelseaTanQuekQiaoINSTRUCTORCONTENTSGeneralBusiness Active, Apology, Challenge, Compete, Discuss, Introduce, Resume, Chapter1Revision RolesintheBusiness Corporate, Invest,Investor, Partner, Supply, Chapter2Revision BusinessManagement Achieve, Allocate, Authorize, Determine, Direct, Efficient, Ethics, Evaluate, Execute, Expert, Formulate, Function, Implement, Lead,Leader, Life Manage, Measure, Motivate, Operate, Organize, Perform, Recruit, Respond,Responsive, Team, Chapter3Revision Marketing Difference, Innovate, Package, Present, Public,Publicize, Segment, Strength, Chapter4Revision Accounting&Finance Accruals Adjust, Appreciate, Capital, Cost, Depreciate, Expense, Finance, Tax, Trial,Trial Chapter5Revision Termsin Appraise, Memo, Propose, Summary, Chapter6Revision ChapterGENERALBUSINESSTERMS2.2.tomakeExample:smokewillactivatethefire 1.engagedinactionorcharacterizedbyenergeticExample:badmintonisanactiveACTIVE,ACTIVATETranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Eventhoughsheiseightyyearsold,shestillleadsan2Sheisanactivevolunteerattheoldfolks’Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Iwouldliketoactivatemybank4Thismagazinepublisherhasalistofactive向2.theactofofferinganExample:apologizeto向1.anexpressionofregretoraskingforpardonforaExample:offersomeoneanAPOLOGY,APOLOGIZETranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1IapologizeforallthemistakesIhave2HeacceptedmyapologyandforgaveTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Ioweyouanapologyforwronglyaccusingyouof4HedemandedthatIapologizeforcallinghimaCHALLENGE,CHALLENGING difficultyinajoborundertakingthatisstimulatingtooneengagedinExample:thechallengeintakingupadifficult 刺激，感，和令人深思的Exampleachallengingquestion一个具有性的问题TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Iviewthedifficultiesinmynewjobasachallengeformeto2IenjoytakingonchallengingproblemsatTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Thecustomer'sdemandsarearealchallengeforasmallfirmlikeours.4Theissuesathandarechallenging,butIamconfidentofsolvingthem.COMPETE,COMPETITIVE tostrivetooutdoanotherforacknowledgment,aprize,supremacy,profit,etc.;engageinacontest;vie;Example:tocompeteina involvingcompetition,well-suitedforcompetition,orhavingastrongdesiretocompeteorsucceedExample:thefoodandbeverageindustryisveryTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Hiscompetitivenatureleadstohimputtinginhisbesteffortinwhateverhedoes.2Theyarecompetingtoseewhocancomeupwiththebetterbusinessproposal.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Theirbusinessissuccessfulbecauseoftheirhighqualityproductsandcompetitiveprices.4JackiscapableandIwillsurelyloseifIcompetewithCONSISTENTConsistent 1.compatibleandnotself-Example:achievedconsistentgoodTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Theresultsofalltheexperimentsareconsistentwithone2ThepriceofoilshowsaconsistentincreasingTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Thishardworkingemployeehasshownvery4HecanbetrustedashisactionsareconsistentwithwhatheCOOPERATE,COOPERATION toworkoractwithanotheror swillinglyandExample:cooperateat theactofExample:cooperationisakeytoTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Ihopethatwecancooperatetoproduceabetter2Thisjointcooperationventurewiththeother beenverysuccessful.Translatethefollowingsentences to3Hehasbeenverygladtocooperatewiththeintheir4YourcooperationhasbeenvitalinthesuccessofthisDECREASE tomake esmallerinsize,number,strength,orExample:todecrease theactorinstanceofExample:thedecreaseinTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1NowthatIhaveMarytohelpme,myworkload2SheshowedasignificantdecreaseinenergyaftershefellTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Oursalesvolumehasdecreasedbecauseofthefinancial4AfterreportsofhisextramaritalaffaircameoutintheTigerWoods’popularityhasDISCUSS,DISCUSSION toexamineandspeakwithanotherorothersabout;totalkExample:discussournsfortheDiscussion theactorinstanceofExample:wehadadiscussionaboutournsfortheTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Iwouldliketodiscussthismatterwithyoubeforemakinga2Aftermuchdiscussion,wehavedecidedtosponsorthischarityevent.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Mydecisionisfinalandthereisnothingleftto4Iwilldiscussyourproposalwithmybossbeforegivingyouananswer.ESTABLISH tofound,institute,bringabout,orcausetoberecognizedorExample:establisha toshowtobevalidortrue;toExample:establishthefactsofthe确件的事TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Accountingservesasameansofestablishing2HehasestablishedagoodreputationforhimselfinthisTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3DoctorLinhasestablishedherselfasoneoftheleadingsurgeonsinthecountry.4IamnningtoestablishamedicalpracticeINCENTIVE 1.something,suchasthefearofpunishmentortheexpectationofreward,thatinducesactionormotivateseffortExample:anincentivetoworkTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Salesmenhaveanincentivetoworkharderbecausetheyearncommissionfromthesales.2HeisakindwhohelpsothersevenwhenthereisincentiveforhimtodoTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3MyincentiveforhelheristhatIwillgetalunchtreatin4Offeringyouremployeesanincentiveisagoodwaytomakethemworkharder.INCREASE tomake egreaterinsize,number,strength,orExample:toincrease-nountheactorinstanceofExample:theincreaseinTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Wearethinkingofwaystoincreaseour2TherehasbeenatenpercentincreaseinthepriceofTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Ourrespectforhimincreasedafterseeinghowcapablehe4MyworkloadincreasedafterIwasassignedtobeinchargeofthisproject.INTRODUCE,INTRODUCTION tobringforwardorpresentsomethingforthefirstExample:introduceoneto theactofExample:Theintroductionofnewproductshashelpedtoboostsales-nounthethingExample:ThisovenisthelatestintroductiontoourlineofTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Maryintroducesherfriendstoher2CanyougivemeabriefintroductionofyourTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3MrsLinintroducedanewrecipebooktoher4Therewasanannouncementabouttheintroductionofanewbuildingtechniquerecently.NEGATIVE atylessthanExample:-2isanegative-2 badorlackinginExample:anegativeoutlookon denialorrefusing否认或某Example:giveanegativeTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Heisa whoalwaysexpectsthe2TheyshowedanegativeattitudetowardsworkingwithTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Hegaveanegativeresponsetomyquestionbyshakinghis4TheresultsofthepregnancykittestwerePASSIVE 1.inactive;notinvolvingvisiblereactionoractiveExample:apassivememberofthegroup小组的一名成员TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Herfacewaspassivewhensheheardthebad2Thoughshewaspartoftheteam,shewasapassivememberwhodidnotcontributemuchwork.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Apassiveisusuallyafollowerandnota4HeysapassiveroleinthemanagementofthePOSITIVE 1.atygreaterthanExample:2isapositive emphasizingwhatishopefulandgoodExample:apositiveoutlookonlife confidentandsure;Example:heispositivethathewillTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Ihaveapositiveimpressionofthispolite2IampositivethattherewillbeathunderstormTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Weshouldremainpositiveinsteadofgetting4Everyonehadpositivethingstosayaboutthisbeautifulpieceofart.POTENTIAL possibleExample:apotentialcandidateforthis Example:thepotentialtomakeahugeprofitoutofthisTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Heiscapableandisapotentialcandidateforthismanagerial2IhiredherbecauseIsawalotofpotentialinherTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Theflbleliquidsattheconstructionsiteareadangertotheworkers’4ThisadvertisingnhasthepotentialtoboostourPROCESS asystematicseriesofactionsdirectedtosomeExample:todeviseaprocessforpreparingfried –verbusedwithanobject)（和某事一起使用totreatorpreparebysomeparticularprocess,asinExample:toprocessthevisaapplicationinoneTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Accountingisaprocess passesmany2Decision-makingisaprocessofidentifyingsolutionstotheTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Decisionmakingisadynamic4Communicationprocessreferstotheexchangeofinformationbetweendifferentpeople.RELEASE 1. ;tolet释放Example:releasethe释放-nounExample:anews一项发TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Thewillreleasethenewsoftwarethis2TheresultswillbereleasedaftereveryonehasbeenTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Thebankhasdecidedtoreleasehimfromhis4Afterhisreleasefromprison,hemanagedtofindaRESUME,RESUME tocontinueagainafterExample:toresumeworkaftertakinga abriefwrittenaccountof al,educational,andprofessionalqualificationsandexperience,asthatpreparedbyanapplicantforajobExample:writeaTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Isentmyrésumétoseveralprospective2Iwillresumemyworkaftersending Translatethefollowingsentences to3该将在后继续Theshowwillresumeafterthecommercial4Weshouldresumeworkassoonaspossibleifwewanttomeetthedeadline.RISK exposuretothechanceofinjuryorloss;ahazardordangerous或损失的机会的；或Example:Thereisariskofinjuryinallsports-verbtoexposetothechanceofinjuryorloss;Example:YouriskyourTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Thereisariskofdeathandinjurythatwehavetoacceptinextremesports.2YouriskyourlifebydrivingTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Allinvestmentsinvolvetheriskoflosing4Weprotectourselvesagainstunnecessaryrisksbytakingappropriateprecautions.SEMINAR 1.ameetingforexchanginginformationandholdingExample:attendabusinessseminarTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Studentstakingthiscoursemustattendweeklywiththeir2ManypoliticalissueswerediscussedattheseminarTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Ourwillbeconductingaseminaronbusiness4Studentsaretoasktheprofessoranyquestionsduringtheseminar.CHAPTER1REVISIONEXERCISEConstructsentencesbyincorporatingthewordsyouhavelearntinthischapter,basedonthescenariogivenbelow.LilyhadjustgraduatedfromtheUniversityofLondon.Holdingabachelor’sdegreebusinessadministration,shewaslookingforaLilysubmittedherrésumétoseveralcompanieswhichshewasinterestedtoworkin.AfterajobinterviewinXYZ,Lilywassuccessfullyofferedapostinthemarketingdepartmentthere.Shehappilyacceptedtheoffer.Onthefirstdayofwork,LilywasintroducedtohersuperiorandherOnthefirstdayofwork,Lilydidaself-introductiontohernewSheenvisionsthatshemayhavethepotentialtoexcelin TwoweekslaterafterLilystartedherwork,themarketingdepartmentwasgivenaproject,whichistopromoteanewproduct.Thenewproductwashopedtohelpthe gainanedgeoverotherrivalsinthecompetitivebusinessworld. wantedtousethenewproducttocompeteagainstitsrivals;hencemuchpressurehadbeenputonthemarketingdepartmenttoperformwell.ThiswasthefirsttimeLilywasgoingtoexperiencehowthedepartmentwouldworktogetherto ethischallenge.TheheadofthemarketingdepartmentstartedtontheoutlineforchallengingThemarketingdepartmentwasdividedintothreeteamstodevelopdifferentareasofmarketing.Themembersofeachteamhadtocooperatewithoneanotherinordertosuccessfullycompletetheirtasks.InLily’steam,severaldiscussionswereheldtodecideonthedesignoftheproductpackaging,theareawhichherteamwasresponsiblefor. recognizedthattherewasacertainamountofriskforinvestingalargeamountofmoneyonthisnewproduct.AfteramonthofworkinXYZCo.,LilyfoundthatshelikedhercurrentTheenvironmentin waspositive.Hersuperioroftencomplimentssubordinateswhenthelatterdidagoodjob.EmployeesofXYZCo.wereoftensenttolistentoseminarsforself-Manyincentives,suchasbonusesandoverseastrips,wereprovidedfortheemployeesinthe tomotivatethemtoworkhard.Asaresultofthegoodworkingenvironment,theemployeesofXYZCo.wereactiveinproducinggood-qualitywork.Mostimportantly,managershadestablishedagoodrapportwiththeirsubordinates,whichmadethemfeelcomfortableworkingtogethereanyhurdlesthatcameintheirChapterROLESINTHEBUSINESSWORLDExample:Example:workingasabuyerfor2.ApurchasingagentforaretailExample:thebuyerofthis者whobuys;a1.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Imanagedtofindabuyerformy2Thebuyer’sdecisionsaffecthowmuchprofitthewillTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Iputmydogupforsalebuttherewereno4Abuyerisresponsibleforobtainingthebestgoodsatthelowestcost.Example:consumersnowhaveagreatvarietyofproductstochooseororganizationthatusesacommodityor1.CONSUMERTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Lawsonproductsafetyhelptoprotect2Asaconsumer,Iwillchoosetopurchaseproductsthatoffergoodvalueandquality.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Companiesoftenmakechangestotheirproductsandservicestomeetthedemandsofconsumers.4Consumersshoulddotheirresearchiftheyareunsureaboutaparticularproduct.CORPORATE,CORPORATION withregardstobusinessExample:corporatesocial involvingorsharedbyallmembersofagroupororganization,notbyanindividualExample:corporate alargebusiness ,oralargeorganizationofTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Aspartofcorporatewelfare,employeesenjoy 2Someindividualsacrificeswouldbeneededforthecorporategoodduringsuchtimesofeconomic在这种经济的时刻，为了公共利益，牺牲一些个人利益Translatethefollowingsentences to3TheCorporationwouldliketoacquire.4Thecorporateheadsof areveryCUSTOMER 1.a whopurchasesgoodsorservicesfromanother;buyer;;Example:acustomerenteredtheshoptobuyTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Agoodsalesmanshouldnotlosehistemperevenwhencustomerisbeing2OurshopishavingasalestoattractTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Thathasbeenaloyalcustomerofoursforthirty4TheangrycustomerenteredtheshopanddemandedforaINDIVIDUAL 1.adistinct,indivisibleentity;asinglething,beinginstance,oritem.一个独特的，不可分的；一个单一的东西，存在，事例或项目Example:anindividualTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Theforthisweekendismeantfor2Tosucceedasateam,weneedtosetasideourTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Ifweonlylookoutforourindividualinterests,theteamwillnotdowellinthecompetition.4Themanagerhasgiveneachofusourindividualworkperformanceratings.INVEST,INVESTOR,INVESTMENT tocommitmoneyorcapitalinordertoobtainfinancialExample:investin-verbtouse,give,ordevoteforthepurposeofachievingExample:toinvesttimeinhelpeople 2. who 3.theactofinvestingorthethingExample:myinvestmentyieldedalarge我的投资获得了利TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Investorsaretheshareholdersofabusiness2Toachievegoodresultsyoumustfirstinvesttimeandeffortintoyourwork.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Allbusinessinvestmentscomewith4IhavedecidedtoinvestinthisprojectbecauseithasPARTNER,PARTNERSHIP whosharesorisassociatedwithanotherinsomeactionorendeavor;sharer;associate.Example:partnerinthe thestateorconditionofbeingapartner;participation;association;jointinterest.Example:westartedourpartnershiplastTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Heisapartnerinthethatwearemakingadeal2IwasinvitedtoinvestinthepartnershipsetupbyJohnandhisfriend.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Overthelasttenyears,thepartnershipsetupbyMr.Lihasgrownto eahugefirmin.4JohnandRichardarepartnersareSENIOR 1. whoisolderthanExample:GrannyChenismy陈是我的长-noun2.a ofhigherrankorstandingthananother,esp.byvirtueoflongerservice一个比另一个人高职位或的人，特别是由于其更长的服Example:Atwork,heismyTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Wemustlearntorespectour2MakefulluseoftheexperienceofyourseniorsatTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Childrenaretaughttorespecttheirseniorsfromanearly4Itwouldbeapityifwedonotlearnfromourseniorsatworkastheyhaveplentyofexperience.SUBORDINATE oflowerrankandsubjecttotheauthorityofaExample:Thesalesmanissubordinatetohis a orExample:AsubordinatehastoobeyhisTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Asasubordinate,Ihavenoauthoritytomakesuch2Themanagers’opinionsaresometimessubordinatedtothatoftheshareholders.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Theroleofasubordinateistocarryouttasksassignedbythesuperior.4Hissubordinatesrespecthimbecauseheisfairandtreatsthemwell.SUPPLY, TofurnishorExample:tosupplythefactorywith theactofsupplyingorsomethingthatisExample:storeupafoodsupplyforSupply -nounasystemoforganizations,people,technology,activities,informationandresourcesinvolvedinmovingaproductorservicefromrto -noun ororganizationwhoExample:theyaretheroftheseTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1 sgoodstothirty2Astimesarebad,wearelookingforacheaperTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Ourelectricitysupplywascutoffaswedidnotpayourelectricitybill.4Wehaveaconstantsupplyoffundsasmanypeoplewanttoinvestinour.Chapter2RevisionMr.WongwasthedirectorofYCSupermarket,whichhadbranchesalloverMalaysia.Recently,afterreadingseveralreports,herealizedthatprofitsweredecliningduetothestrongcompetitionwithotherflourishingsupermarkets.ImaginethatMr.Wongapproachedyourinvestigationteam,howwouldyouadvisehim?YouareallowedtocomeupwithproblemswhichyouthinkthatthemightbefacingandprovidesolutionsfortheWriteyouradvicein200to300wordswiththeuseofatleast5ofthefollowingwordsyouhavelearntinthischapter:SampleMr.Wong,myteamhasobservedthechainsofyoursupermarket.WefoundthatthereasonwhyalargepercentageofconsumerspreferothersupermarketstoYCSupermarketisbecausetheothersupermarketsprovideawiderrangeofproductchoices,moreattractiveproductdiscountsandmoreefficientcustomerservice.Fortherangeofproductchoices,myteamsuggeststhatyour widenthevarietyofproductswhichconsumerscanchoosefrom.Itis mendedthatyousourceformorersforyourgoods,butdoensurethatthersprovideyouwithfreshorhigh-qualitysupplyofgoods.Thisisbecauseconsumerspreferfreshornewgoodstooldones.Sinceyour isbenefittingfromeconomiesofscale,providingmorediscountsforcustomerswouldbeagoodstrategy.Alternatively,your canformpartnershipswithothercompaniestoprovidevouchersforcustomers.Forexample, canworkwithSuperliciousCakeDelightétoprovidecakevouchersforcustomersiftheypurchaseupto$100ofgoods.However,stepsmustbetakentoadvertisethesepromotions.Moreadvertisementsonyour andproductscanbeputuponthemediatoincreasetheawarenessofyour inthemarket.Regardingcustomerservice,oursurveysshowthattherehavebeenlongqueuesveryofteninYCSupermarket,especiallyduringpeakhours.Itisevidentthatinsufficientcashiersarebeingemployed.Besidesthat,myteamsuggeststhatyoudecreasethehoursofworkshift,sothattheefficiencyofthecashierswouldbeimproved,giventhattheemployeeswouldbeabletohavemorerest.Theteambelievesthatthe mendationswouldbeinvestmentsforthe .Wehaveconfidencethatthereturnsforyourwouldturnforthebetterafterthesechangeshavebeenmade.(298ChapterBUSINESSMANAGEMENTTERMSABILITY 1.capacitytodosomething;skill,talentorTheabilitytoworkwellunderTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Hehastheabilitytocommunicatewellwithhis2Iamimpressedbyhisabilitytoproduceexcellentworkwithinsuchashortspaceoftime.Translatethefollowingsentences to3Hisabilitytorunamarathonisaresultofhoursoftough4Shewasfiredfromherjobbecauseshelackedtheabilitytoworkwellwithhercolleagues.ACHIEVE,ACHIEVEMENT -verb动词tobringtoasuccessfulend;gain;achieve;Example:achievegoodresults -nounExample:agreatTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Hardworkisnecessaryifyouwanttoachievegood2HislistofachievementsisveryTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Toachieveourgoal,weworkedtirelesslyfortwo4AlbertEinsteinmademanyscientificALLOCATE,ALLOCATION -verbtosetapartforaparticularpurpose;assignorExample:allocatetaskstotheteam theactofallocating,thestateofbeingallocated,ortheportionbeingExample:theallocationofTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Iwillallocatearoomtotheinternsforthemtodotheir2IwillallocatejobstoTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Resourceallocationisassigningavailableresourcesinaneconomicway.4IallocatedthetaskstodifferentpeopleasIcouldnotfinishngeverythingalone.AUTHORIZE,AUTHORIZATION togiveauthorityorofficialpowerExample:Iauthorizeyourn theactofExample:obtainauthorizationbeforeTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Weneedthe ernmenttoauthorizeourproposalsbeforewecancarryon.2Hesoughttheauthorizationfromhissuperiorsbeforeconcludingthedealwiththeotherparty.Translatethefollowingsentences to3Iaminnopositiontoauthorizesucha4AuthorizationhastobegivenbeforeconstructionworkscanBEHAVIOR 1.themannerofconductingExample:thisman’sbehaviorisvery这的行为非常古TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Itisimportantforfirmstostudyconsumer2HewasreleasedfromprisonearlybecauseofhisTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Weareonourbestbehaviortodayasimportantguestsarevisitingour 4IwatchedhisbehaviorandnoticedthathewasveryCAPACITY theabilitytoreceiveorExample:capacityofabustohold position;function;Example:servinginthecapacityofan以顾问提供服TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Thenewho hasthecapacityto modateupto5000guestsatatime.2HeiscurrentlyservinginthecapacityofalegaladviserforthefirmTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Asthechairmanisonmedicalleave,Johnisservingincapacityforthetime4 umcapacityforthenewstadiumisastaggeringDEMOGRAPHIC 1.characteristicsofapopulationasusedin ernment,marketingoropinionresearch用于、或的人口的统Example:thedemographicsofvotersinaTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Heisstudyingthedemographicsofthecosmeticsconsumersinthemarket.2Thedemographicsofthetargetpopulationneedtobestudiedinorderfortheadvertisingtobesuccessful.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Theoppositionisstudyingthedemographicsofthisregiontoseeiftheycanwinmorevotes.4Demographicsareakeytoolthatmediacompaniesusewhendecidingtheirbusinessmodels.DETERMINE,DETERMINATION toconcludeorascertain,asafterreasoning,observation,Example:Ineedtodetermineifthisisareal resolute;staunch ExampleIamdeterminedtosucceed. thequalityofbeingExample:ThedeterminationtoTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Moretestswillbeneededtodeterminetheillnessthatyou2SuccessorfailureherewillbeuptoyourdeterminationtoTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Heisdeterminedtowinthegoldmedalforhis4Hisdeterminationtosucceedinthefaceofimpossibleoddsisworthyofadmiration.DEVELOP -verb1.tobringoutthecapabilitiesorpossibilitiesof;bringtoamoreadvancedoreffectivestate;Example:todevelopone'ssportingTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Weneedtodevelopourideasintoaworkable2HewantstodevelophisbusinessinTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Sherequirescapitaltodevelopherbusinessintoother4Irequestedthattheydeveloptheirideasfurtherbeforeseekingmyadvice.DIRECT,DIRECTION tomanageorguidebyadvice,helpfulinformation,instruction,Example:hedirected他公 tochannelorfocustowardagivenresult,object,orExample:shedirectedallherenergytowardsher Example:shegavemeadirect 3.theactofdirecting,orinstructionsorExample:askedfordirectionstotheTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Icompletedthetaskaccordingtomymanager’s2ThebossdirectedhisremarksatthelazyTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Mr.Chenwasverydirectin lingmethathedidnotwanttoworkwithour 4ThemanagerreportsdirectlytotheDIVERSIFY 1.toadddifferenttypesofmanufacturedproducts,crops,etc.,esp.toaExample:diversifyintofoodTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Iwouldliketodiversifymyinvestmentstoinclude2WeneedtodiversifyourbusinesstokeepitTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Weriskspreadingourselvestoothinifwediversifytoo4ManybusinessesaretryingtodiversifyintootherEFFECTIVE 1.adequateto plishapurpose;producingtheintendedorexpectedresult能完全的实现目标;达到期望的结果Example:aneffectivesolutiontotheproblemTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Hissolutiontotheproblemwasvery2Thenewdrugforcancerisveryeffective,butithasseveralsideeffectsaswell.Translatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Aneffectivesolutiontotheproblemstilleludes4Thenewtreatmentforthisillnessisnotonlyeffectivebutalsofarcheaperthanotheralternatives.EFFICIENT,EFFICIENCY performingorfunctioninginthebestpossiblemannerwiththeleastwasteoftimeandeffortExample:anefficient thestateorqualityofbeingefficient;competencyinExample:usingmachineshashelpedincreaseourTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Thebossvalueshimverymuchasheisahighly2TheefficiencyofthisdepartmentwasneverinTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Newerelectricalappliancestendtobemoreenergy4Efficiencyisveryimportantinkeeupinthecompetitiveworkce.ENVIRONMENT 1.thesurroundingthings,conditionsorExample:weshouldkeepourenvironmentTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Theworkenvironmenthereisveryfriendlyandeveryonehelpseachother.2Growingupinsuchahostileenvironmenthasmadehima Translatethefollowingsentences to3Thoseindustrialfactoriesarepollutingtheenvironmentbyreleasingwasteintothesea.4TheenvironmentweliveinaffectsthewaywedevelopandETHICS,ETHICAL moralprinciples,asofanExample:businessethics pertainingtoordealingwithmoralsortheprinciplesofExample:ItisonlyethicaltogivehimthispieceofTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Hisethicsforbidhimfromlyingtohissaboutthe2ItisnotethicalforadoctortolietohisTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Hisethicsdonotallowhimtocheatothersforal4TheethicalnatureofthisbusinessdealingisinEVALUATE,EVALUATION appraise;Example:evaluateaEvaluation anactorinstanceofevaluatingorExample:thisproblemneedscarefulTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Wehadameetingtoevaluatethereasonswhyourbusiness ngbadly.2Heevaluatedhisemployee’sproposalbeforeacceptingTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Aftercarefulevaluation,Icametoa4ThescientistevaluatedtheresultsofhisEXECUTE,EXECUTION 1.tocarry Example:executea 2.theactofExample:TheexecutionofnTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglish1Ihavehiredanewmanagertoexecutetherevisedbusiness2TheexecutionofthismovebyMr.TanhasbeenTranslatethefollowingsentences to3Pleaseexecutethenaccordingtomy4TheexecutionofthismedicaloperationishighlyEXPERT,EXPERTISE whohasspecialskillorknowledgeinsomeparticularExample:anexpert expertskillorExample:anexpertiseinpaperTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishto1Heisanexpertinthehistoryofancient2HisexpertisewasinvaluabletoTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromto3Wehopetotaponhisexpertiseinthis4HeisconsideredtobeanexpertinthisFORMULATE,FORMULATION todeviseordevelop,asamethod,system,Example:formulatea theactofformulating,thestateofbeingformulated,orsomethingthatisformulatedExample