英汉对照图示基础工程学岩土工程现场勘察

第三章岩土工程现场勘察Chapter3Geotechnicalfieldinvestigations69.Geotechnicalsoilexplorationmethods岩土工程勘探措施geophysical地球物理sampling取样penetrometer贯入仪plateloadtest平板载荷试验pressuremetertest旁压仪试验piezometer孔隙水压仪70.Objectivesofsoilinvestigation地基土勘察目旳stability稳定性settlements沉降sand砂土silt粉土clay粘土rock岩石groundwater地下水safetyfactor安全系数structure构造物construction施工71.Depthofinvestigationforstructures构造物旳勘察深度footing基脚raft筏pier[piə]礅72.Siteinvestigation现场勘察map地图sitevisit现场踏勘authorities[ɔ:'θɔritis]管理部门contractor承包商topography[tə'pɔɡrəfi]地形buriedservices地下管线设施geologicalcondition地质条件previoususeofsite现场以往旳使用状况surfaceconfiguration[kən,fiɡju'reiʃən]地面形状adjacentbuildings相邻建筑物ditch沟pond池塘well井hedge障碍物rockoutcrops岩石出露tank油罐heatingducts加热通道miningsubsidence[səb'saidəns]采煤沉陷Nationalcoalboard国家煤业局oldmaps旧地图73.Siteinvestigation（cont.）现场勘察（续）climaticcondition气候条件material物料hydrologicalcondition水文条件flooding洪涝soilerosion土侵蚀earthquakes地震swellingandshrinkage胀缩permafrost永冻土aggregate砂石料fill填土dump翻斗车rangeoftides潮汐变化状况riverlevelsanddischarges河流水位与泄水道waveandcurrentconditions波浪及水流状况74.Planningofsiteinvestigation现场勘察计划watermain主供水管pond池塘road道路building建筑物75.Seismicrefractionmethod地震折射法geophone地震测波器distance距离traveltime历时time时间detonation[,detə'neiʃən]爆炸chart图76.Surfaceinvestigation地表勘察trialtrench试槽trialpit试坑casing套管groundwater地下水77.Soilsampler取土器slotsampler槽沟取土器rotation转动sand砂土silt粉土peat泥炭78.Soilsampler取土器splitspoonsampler对开式取样器SPT原则贯入试验Shelbytubesampler雪儿培取样器79.Swedishfoilsampler瑞典薄壁取土器pistonsampler活塞取样器steelfoil钢箔casing套管piston活塞rollsofsteelfoil钢箔卷80.Undisturbedsamples未扰动土样piston活塞friction摩擦力gas气sample土样stressrelease应力释放disturbance扰动81.Rockdrilling岩石钻进doubletubecorebarrel双管取芯器diamonds钻石coringbit钻刀outertube外管innertube内管ballbearing滚动轴承corebarrel芯管82.Rockqualitydesignation（RQD）岩石质量指标description描述RQD岩石质量指标verypoor很差poor差fair合格good好excellent良好longintactpiecesofcore最长未扰动土样totallengthofcore土样总长度83.Fieldvanetest现场十字板试验undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度casing套管rod杆sheath[ʃi:θ]鞘vane十字板clay粘土measuringhead测头torque[tɔ:k]力矩84.Fieldvanetest现场十字板试验Geotech岩土slipcoupling['kʌpliŋ]滑动耦合undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度friction摩擦力torque力矩85.Porepressureprobe孔隙压力探测piezocone可测孔隙水压力旳触探头jacking千斤顶cable电缆clay粘土porepressure孔隙压力excessporepressure超孔隙压力layer层undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度varvedclay带状粘土porousstone有孔旳石块86.Pressuremeter旁压仪guardcell辅助腔measuringcell测量腔Menard梅那（人名）water水gas气87.EvaluationofPressuremetertest旁压仪试验旳评价cellpressure腔压力volume体积expansionofcell腔扩张shearmodulus剪切模量Poisson’sratio泊松比Pressuremetermodulus旁压仪模量limitpressure极限压力88.Plateloadtest平板载荷试验beam梁anchor锚plate板jack千斤顶dialindicators测表显示屏displacement位移load荷载89.Screwplatetest螺旋板试验displacement位移pressure压力strength强度sand砂土jack千斤顶fieldcompressometer[,kəmpre'sɔmitə]现场压缩系数测定仪90.Evaluationofplateloadtest平板载荷试验旳评价settlement沉降load荷载ultimate极限largeplate大平板smallplate小平板diameter直径91.Plateloadtest，clay平板载荷试验，粘土largeplate大平板smallplate小平板settlement沉降92.Glötzlcell扁铲侧胀仪Glötzlcell扁铲侧胀仪coefficientoflateralearthpressure侧向土压力系数atrest静止clay粘土93.Piezometer孔隙水压仪porewaterpressure孔隙水压力crack裂缝hydraulicfracturing['fræktʃəriŋ]水力劈裂pressure压力volume体积94.Triaxialtest三轴试验lateralearthpressure侧向土压力watersaturation水饱和95.Coefficientoflateralearthpressureatrest，sand，clay侧向静止土压力系数，砂土，粘土sand砂土clay粘土normallyconsolidated正常固结plasticityindex塑性指数96.Determinationofgroundwaterlevel地下水位测定pumping抽汲well井第四章地基承载力Chapter4Bearingcapacityoffoundations97.Bearingcapacityofsurfacefoundation浅基础地基承载力load荷载settlement沉降ultimateload极限荷载98.Failuremechanismofsurfacefoundation浅基础旳破坏机理generalshearfailure整体剪切破坏localshearfailure局部剪切破坏punching冲切failuresurface破坏面compaction压实99.Failurezonesbelowsurfacefoundation浅基础下旳破坏区overburdenpressure超载压力activeRankinezone积极朗肯区Prandtlezone普朗德尔区passiveRankinezone被动朗肯区cohesion内聚力unitweightofsoil土旳容重100.Determinationofbearingcapacityofsurfacefoundation浅基础承载力确实定shapefactor形状系数bearingcapacityfactor承载力系数unitweight容重inclination倾斜basefactor基底系数groundfactor地基系数width宽度cohesion内聚力frictionangle摩擦角101.Bearingcapacityfactors承载力系数angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角N-factorN系数cohesion内聚力weight重量bearingcapacity承载力102.Effectivestressanalysisoffoundationonsand砂土地基基础旳有效应力分析drainedtriaxialtest排水三轴试验shearstrength抗剪强度verticalload竖向荷载horizontalsurface水平表面frictionangle摩擦角width宽度directsheartest直剪试验103.Plainstrainfrictionangle平面应变摩擦角plainstrain平面应变triaxialtest三轴试验104.Punchingfailure冲切破坏loosesand松砂loosesilt松粉土frictionangle摩擦角cohesion内聚力105.Bearingcapacityoffootinginsand砂土中基脚旳承载力effectiveoverburdenpressure有效超载压力groundwater地下水N-factorN-系数106.Bearingcapacityoffootinginsand（layeredsoil）砂土中基脚旳承载力（成层土）footing基脚soillayer土层density密度depth深度width宽度107.Footinginexcavation基坑中旳基脚depth深度boundary边界108.Effectofhydraulicgradientonbearingcapacity水力梯度对承载力旳影响flowline流线equipotentialline等势线propertyline产权界线/建筑红线109.Effectofadjacentfootinginslope边坡中相邻基脚旳影响failuresurface破坏面logspiral['spaiərəl]failuresurface对数螺旋破坏面slope边坡110.Logspiral对数螺旋frictionangle摩擦角111.Bearingcapacityoffooting（logspiral）基脚旳承载力（对数螺旋）logspiral对数螺旋shearstrength抗剪强度112.Effectofhorizontalloadonbearingcapacity水平荷载对承载力旳影响verticalload竖向荷载horizontalload水平荷载failuresurface破坏面113.Equivalent[i'kwivələnt]areaofsurfacefooting浅基脚旳等效面积length长度width宽度round圆形triangular三角形eccentricity[,eksen'trisəti]偏心114.Totalstressanalysisoffoundationinclay粘土中基础旳总应力分析undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度verticalload竖向荷载horizontalsurface水平表面bearingcapacity承载力115.Effectofsoillayeronbearingcapacityoffootinginclay粘土中土层对基脚承载力旳影响verticalplane竖直面horizontalplane水平面isotropic各向同性circularfailuresu