英语-情态动词

情态动词情态动词本身含义1、can1）表示体力或脑力所产生的能力，意思是“能够”Nobodycanstopthedevelopmentofscience.2）表示客观的可能性，意思是“有时会”Youhadbettertakeacoatwithyou, itcanbeverycoldinthemountainsinsuchweather.Theweatherherecanbeashighas40℃.3）表示请求或建议，用could比can语气更委婉，回答用原型回答。4）（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧Howcan/couldyoubehere?你怎么会在这儿？Shecouldn,t/can,tbesostupidtodothat,她不可能蠢到去做那种事吧。5）Can，could和beableto的区别beableto①可用于各种时态 Weshallbeabletofinishtheworknextweek.②侧重于“克服一定困难”“经过一定努力”“有能力”干某事Ican①表示现在的能力，只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时may和might1）表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），might语气更委婉；IwonderifImightaskyouafavor?IwouldliketaskaquestionifImay.2）表示给予允许（即自己允许别人做某事），通常用may;Youmaytellhimthis.3）may/might（just）aswell意思是“不妨，还是....为好”Iamready,soImightaswellgonow.4）May表示祝愿maysb+V/be+adjwishsb+nMayyoubehappy.3must1）表示“必须”：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，用于否定句时，mustn’t的意思是“一定不要，不能”表示禁止。Watermustbepureifitistobedrunk.2）表示“偏偏”：即某事就在某个当紧的时候发生，多指不受欢迎的事；还可指主观上的偏执，即“偏，偏要”Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewerestartingourholiday.AfterIgaveheradvice,shemustgoanddotheopposite.）must和haveto的区别①must侧重说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；haveto侧重客观需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。②must只有现在时，haveto有多种时态形式shall,should,oughttoshallshall用于疑问句，一三人称：征求对方意见，“要不要，・・・・,好吗？”ShallIgetachairforyou?shall用于陈述句，二三人称：说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等：Youshallhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.shall经常用在法律、法规后，例如rules,agreement,contract,law等Accordingtotherules,studentsinthisschoolshallwearschooluniform.⑵Should和oughtto1）表示义务或责任，意为“应该”Weshould\oughttolearnfromeachother.2）表示建议或这劝告，意为“应该”Youshouldgiveupsmoking.3）表示意外或惊讶，有时与why,who,how等疑问词连用，意为“竟然”Itisstrangethatheshouldcomesolate.4）用于征求意见：主要用于第一人称的疑问句ShouldIopen/oughtItoopenthewindow?5）表示谦逊或委婉，通常与like,love,think,say,imagine等动词连用Ishouldimaginethatitwilltakeaboutthreehours.will和wouldwill和would均可以表示意愿，will可以指现在的意愿，would用于指过去的意愿Hewilldoanythingexceptcook.HeaskedifIwouldshowhimtheway.Won't和wouldn’t均可以表示拒绝，前者用于现在将来时，后者用于过去；二者表示拒绝且主语为物时，意思通常翻译为“就是，总是”Hesaidthathewouldn,tlendmemoney.Thecarwouldn,tstartthismorning.3)表示委婉语气，用于征求意见或提出请求。Willyoupleasepassmethepaper?4)与like,love,hate,prefer,beglad,behappy等连用，用来提出想法Iwouldliketomakeasuggestion.5)表示习惯或倾向，既可以指人也可以指物：will指现在的习惯，would指过去的习惯Hewillalwayscomplainifhegetstheopportunity.That,sjustlikehim- hewouldlosehiskeys.6)表示执意或坚持：will用于现在，would用于过去Hewillcombhishairatthetable,eventhoughheknowsidon,tlikeit.7)Will还可以表示决心，许诺，指示，叮嘱等Iwon,tleaveyou.Youdon,tneedtoworryaboutthis.need和dareNeed做情态动词，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句Youneedn'tdoitagain.做实意动词时，+todo/tobedone/doingdare:情态动词：敢，用于都定居、疑问句和if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句Dareyoutellthetruth?实意动词时，后+todoDoesshedaretogoalone?情态动词表示猜测情态动词表推测和可能性的用法(must > 意为“一定，一定是“只用于肯定句现在can 一般用于否定句和疑问句，can’t表示“不可能”could +doJ may ► 一般用于肯定句和否定句，maynot意为“可能不”I Imightfmusthavedone:一定已经做过某事过去Jcan\couldhavedone：否定句和疑问句：可能或不可能，肯定句：本来能做某事(而没做)，1 may\mighthavedone:对过去的不肯定推测其他注意点：Can用于肯定句中表示客观的或理论上的可能性Insuchbadweatheraccidentscanhappen.Should与oughtto表示按照常理推断，不出意料的话可以得出推断，意为“应该”，“可能”，“按道理会”Itisnearlyseveno,clock,heshouldbehereatanytime.3)Will和would都可用于表示推测，will用于谈论现在，would用于谈论过去，也可以用来谈论现在，只是语气比较委婉，不确定。Hewillbewaitingdownstairsnow.Youwouldn,ttellanyone,wouldyou?Oughtto/shouldhavedone:表示过去本应该做某事而没有做Oughtnotto/shouldnothavedone:竟然做了某事Ishouldhavewatchedthegame,butIwastoobusy.Needn’thavedone:不必做某事而做了Weneedn,thavesaidsorrytohim.Wouldhavedone:过去本来会Theywouldhavecome,butwedidn,tinvitethem.情态动词的其他用法Cannot/never....too....无论怎样.…都不过分Youcan,tbetoocareful.Youcanneverdotheworktoowell.canbut/canonly:只好，至多不过Wecanbutdoourbest.Wecouldbutstayuntilhelpcame.cannothelpbutdo,cannothelp/stopdoing:不得不，禁不住Ican,thelpbutlaughloudly.may/mightaswell:还是…的好Itistoolate.Youmightaswellnotgo.must表示偏执、固执Itcan,thelp.Hemustgowithus.没办法，他非要是艮着我们Whymustyoulistentohim?你为什么偏要听他的？will表示规律性的注定会Manwilldiewithoutwater.情态动词+havedone情态动词十完成式用法例句musthavedone表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”。Itmusthaverainedlastnightfortheroadwasquitemuddy.canhavedone；cannothavedone表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中，意为“可能干过某事吗？”“不可能干过某事”。Canhehavegonetohisaunt's?Hecannothaveforgottenit.

couldhavedone“已经……”之意，此外，还可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以”。IsawMr.Wangjustnow.Hecouldn'thavegonetoBeijing.may/mighthavedone表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中（在否定句中表示“可能不”），不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。It'stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Shemighthavecaughtacold.mighthavedone表示“本来可能……”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。Youshouldnothaveswuminthatsea.Youmighthavebeeneatenbyfish.Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwerebusy.should/oughttohavedone用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做，意为“本应该”；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了，意为“本不应该”。Youshouldhavecometothemeetingearlier.Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.Youshouldn'thavetoldherthetruth.Heoughtnottohavetreatedhisparentslikethat.

表示做了本来不必去做的事，意Youneedn'thavetakenataxineedn't为“本没必要做某事”而didn'there，foritwasveryneartomyhaveneedtodo则表示过去没必要做house.Ididn'tneedtocleanthedone而实际上也没有做杲事。windows.Mybrotherdidit.had用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的Youhadbetterhavestartedearlier.better口吻，意为“当时最好做了某Youhadbetternothavescoldedhave事”，其否定式hadbetternothaveher.donedone表达相反的含义。Iwouldratherhavetakenhiswould表示“宁愿做过某事”，其否定式advice.ratherwouldrathernothavedone表达Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting，have相反的含义，两者都表示后悔butnowIwouldrathernothavedone之意。donethat.wouldlike/表示过去愿意做某事，但未做Iwouldlovetohavegonetotheloveto成，意为“愿意做过某事”。partylastnightbutIhadtoworkhaveextrahourstofinishareport.done例题精讲【2014】.（2014大纲全国卷,30,1分）AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can.（2014重庆,3,1分）I,veorderedsomepizza,soweworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.A.can,tB.darenotC.needn'tD.maynotA.can,tB.darenotC.needn'tD.maynot.（2014四川,6）1stillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymothertakemetoDisneylandatweekends.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.should.（2014江西,30,1分）Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest becometherichest.A.shallB.mustC.needD.might.（2014湖南,25,1分）一I,vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?A.can,tB.mustn,tC.shan,tD.needn't.（2014陕西,25,1分）Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whohavetakenit?A.needB.mustC.shouldD.could.（2014江苏,31,1分川wassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could.（2014北京,27）Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon,ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should［答案］1,D ［答案］2.C ［答案］3.C ［答案］4.D［答案］5.D 匿案］6.D ［答案］7.C ［答案］8.A巩固加强（2013大纲，26,1分）Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hehavedonetheresearchonhisown.A.can B.must C.would D.need（2013重庆，26,1分）一WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?一I’mnotsure,butIgototheRollingStonesconcert.A.must B.would C.should D.might（2013四川，5,1分）一Whyareyoureyessored?Youhavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.A.can,t B.mustn,tC.needn,tD.won,t（2013江西，29,1分）WhenIwasachild,IwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.A.should B.could C.must D.need（2013湖南，32,1分）Hesleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.A.wouldn,tB.shouldn,t C.couldn,t D.mustn't（2013陕西，21,1分）Thechildrenlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.A.musthavegot B.mustget C.shouldhavegotD.shouldget（2013陕西，12,1分）Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethisweekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would（2013安徽，34,1分/ bethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.A.may B.couldn't C.should D.needn't（2013天津，9,1分）Noonebemoregenerous;hehasaheartofgold.A.could B.must C.dare D.need（2013北京，35,1分）一Youneedn,ttakeanumbrella.Itisn,tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon,tknow.Itdo.A.might B.need C.would D.should（2013课标II,6,1分）Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hehavedonetheresearchonhisown.A.can B.must C.would D.need（2013课标I,29,1分）Thedooropen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn,tB.couldn,t C.wouldn,t D.mightn't［答案］1.B ［答案］2.D ［答案］3.A ［答案］4.B ［答案］5.C ［答案］6.A［答案］7.A ［答案］8.B ［答案］9.A ［答案］10.A ［答案］11.B ［答案］12.C课后作业【2012年】.（2012课标•全国口，30）Iuseaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo,clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A.couldn,t B.mustn,t C.shouldn,t D.needn't.（2012全国口，17）I,mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIfindthemoney.A.can B.might C.would D.need.（2012天津,8）It'squitewarmhere;weturntheheatingonyet.A.couldn,t B.mustn,t C.needn,t D.wouldn't.（2012江西，22）WehaveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon,tbewithusfordinner.A.maynot B.needn,t C.can,t D.mustn't.（2012陕西，23）Ithankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.A.won,t B.can,t C.can D.will.（2012江苏,28）Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butsaywherehewas.A.mustn,t B.shouldn,t C.wouldn,t D.mightn't.（2012辽宁，24）Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.might B.could C.shall D.will.（2012四川，19）IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”,justasIdoinChina.A.must B.might C.can D.should.（2012重庆,25）—youinterruptnow?Can,tyouseeI,monthephone?—SorrySir,butit,surgent.10A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would［答案］1.DA.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would［答案］1.D［答案］6.C【2015年】［答案］2.A［答案］7.C［答案］3.C［答案］8.B［答案］4.B［答案］9.C［答案］5.B.（2015福建,27）—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,It,stoobad.Youhavemadefullpreparations.A.must B.can C.would D.should.（2015四川,2）Youbecarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!A.mu