雅思阅读判断题型解题方法

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雅思阅读板块题型多样，其中推断题是必考题型，本文以剑桥雅思阅读真题为例，和大家解析雅思阅读中推断题型的解题方法。

剑桥雅思阅读真题解析推断题型解题方法

一、推断题题干有表示比较关系的词，考生需留意题目重点考察比较关系。

常见的比较关系词：

比较级：more/less/adj-erthan…

同级比较：as…as…/thesameas…/equal/like

试题中若消失以上比较关系词，需标记题中的比较对象(A、B)，并明确比较规律(如A比B更聪慧)，即可快速完成审题。如：

39.Itiseasiertofindmeaninginthefieldofsciencethaninthefieldofart.

–Test2,CambridgeIELTS11

审题步骤：

1.确定比较对象：A–fieldofscience(科学领域)、B–fieldofart(艺术领域)

2.确定比较规律：科学的含义比艺术的含义更简单被人们理解(easiertofindmeaning)。

除了上述较明显的比较关系词外，出题人还会使用较隐晦的表达阐述比较关系，用以干扰考生的推断。因此，在审题时还需留意下列具有隐含比较关系的表达：

preferto…

compareto/comparewith/contrast

similarto…/similarly

superiorto/inferiorto

unusual

同样，考生在判定题干存在比较关系后，需标记题中的比较对象并明确比较规律。如：

35.Teacherssaytheyprefersuggestopediatotraditionalapproachestolanguageteaching.

–Test1,Cambridge7

1.确定比较对象：A–suggestopedia(示意教学)、B–traditionalapproaches(传统教学方法)

2.确定比较规律：示意教学比传统教学方法更受老师喜爱(teacherssaytheyprefer)。

二、借助以下2种解题思路帮助解题：

1.题干中A、B存在比较关系但原文A、B不存在比较关系时，答案应为未提及——NOTGIVEN。

先看个简洁的例子：

题干：喜茶比星爸爸贵得多。

原文：我的意中人是个盖世英雄，有一天他会踏着七彩祥云，排好几个小时的队，左手拿着喜茶，右手拿着星爸爸，送过来给我喝。

分析：题干对“喜茶”和“星爸爸”的价格进行比较，得出“喜茶”更贵的结论。而原文中虽有消失两家网红饮品店的名字，但并比较两家店的产品价格，也没有提及与钱相关的信息，由此可推断该题答案为NOTGIVEN。

再看剑桥真题：

39.Itiseasiertofindmeaninginthefieldofsciencethaninthefieldofart.

“abstractartoffersbothachallengeandthefreedomtoplaywithdifferentinterpretations.Insomeways,it’snotsodifferenttoscience,whereweareconstantlylookingforsystemsanddecodingmeaningsothatwecanviewandappreciatetheworldinanewway.”

–Test2，CambridgeIELTS11

分析：

如前文提到，该题题干的比较关系是：科学的含义比艺术的含义更简单被人们理解。原文也的确提到了艺术(abstractart)和科学领域(science)，但未就两个领域破译(decoding)的难易程度进行比较，所以本题答案为NOTGIVEN。

2.题干A、B存在比较关系且原文A、B也存在比较关系时，即可排解NOTGIVEN。这时，可通过对比两者的比较方式以确定答案应为TRUE/YES还是FALSE/NO：

1)如题干和原文使用相同的比较规律，则可判定题目答案为TRUE/YES。如：

40.Inthefollow-upclass,theteachingactivitiesaresimilartothoseusedinconventionalclasses.

“Somehoursafterthetwo-partsession,thereisafollow-upclassatwhichthestudentsarestimulatedtorecallthematerialpresented.Onceagaintheapproachisindirect.Thestudentsdonotfocustheirattentionontryingtorememberthevocabulary,butfocusonusingthelanguagetocommunicate(e.g.throughgamesorimproviseddramatisations).Suchmethodsarenotunusualinlanguageteaching.“

–Test1,CambridgeIELTS7

分析：

通过题干中similarto(隐含比较关系)可判定本题为比较关系——follow-upclasses(跟进课堂)和conventionalclasses(传统课堂)两者的教学活动相像。许多同学会由于原文没有明显对比词就两者的教学活动进行比较而误判为NOTGIVEN。但原文第3句介绍了跟进课堂为“notfocustheirattentionontryingtorememberthevocabulary,butfocusonusingthelanguagetocommunicate(不死记单词，用语言来沟通)”;且第4句提到这些方法“notunusual(不罕见)”，即这些方法非常常见。由此可推断跟进课堂使用了与传统语言教学相像(similar)的教学方法，比较规律全都，可判定答案为TRUE。

2)若题干和原文的比较规律相反或相斥，则可判定答案为FALSE/NO。如：

40.Amanager’sapprovalofanideaismorepersuasivethanthatofacolleague.

“Ifyourprojectisbeingresisted,forexample,byagroupofveteranemployees,askanotherold-timertospeakupforit.Cialdiniisnotaloneinadvocatingthisstrategy.Researchshowsthatpeerpower,usedhorizontallynotvertically,ismuchmorepowerfulthananyboss’sspeech.”

–Test1,CambridgeIELTS10

分析：

题干就比较对象manager(管理人员)以及colleague(同事)进行比较：管理人员对项目的认可比同事的morepersuasive(更有说服力)。原文第1句“假如项目被资深员工拒绝，那就争取另一个资格更老的人的支持”，以此说明来自员工支持的重要性。下一句提到“peerpower(同事的力气)”比“anyboss’sspeech(任何一个老板的话)”都更加有力，即同事提出的意见比老板更有说服力，与题干的比较规律相反，由此可判定答案为NO.

雅思索试阅读模拟试题

newweapontofightcancer

1.Britishscientistsarepreparingtolaunchtrialsofaradicalnewwaytofightcancer,whichkillstumoursbyinfectingthemwithviruseslikethecommoncold.

2.Ifsuccessful,virustherapycouldeventuallyformathirdpillaralongsideradiotherapyandchemotherapyinthestandardarsenalagainstcancer,whileavoidingsomeofthedebilitatingside-effects.

3.LeonardSeymour,aprofessorofgenetherapyatOxfordUniversity,whohasbeenworkingonthevirustherapywithcolleaguesinLondonandtheUS,willleadthetrialslaterthisyear.CancerResearchUKsaidyesterdaythatitwasexcitedbythepotentialofProfSeymourspioneeringtechniques.

4.Oneofthecountrysleadinggeneticists,ProfSeymourhasbeenworkingwithvirusesthatkillcancercellsdirectly,whileavoidingharmtohealthytissue.Inprinciple,youvegotsomethingwhichcouldbemanytimesmoreeffectivethanregularchemotherapy,hesaid.

5.Cancer-killingvirusesexploitthefactthatcancercellssuppressthebodyslocalimmunesystem.Ifacancerdoesntdothat,theimmunesystemwipesitout.Ifyoucangetavirusintoatumour,virusesfindthemaverygoodplacetobebecausetheresnoimmunesystemtostopthemreplicating.YoucanregarditasthecancersAchillesheel.

6.Onlyasmallamountofthevirusneedstogettothecancer.Theyreplicate,yougetamillioncopiesineachcellandthecellburstsandtheyinfectthetumourcellsadjacentandrepeattheprocess,saidProfSeymour.

7.Preliminaryresearchonmiceshowsthatthevirusesworkwellontumoursresistanttostandardcancerdrugs.Itsaninterestingpossibilitythattheymayhaveanadvantageinkillingdrug-resistanttumours,whichcouldbequitedifferenttoanythingwevehadbefore.

8.Researchershaveknownforsometimethatvirusescankilltumourcellsandsomeaspectsoftheworkhavealreadybeenpublishedinscientificjournals.Americanscientistshavepreviouslyinjectedvirusesdirectlyintotumoursbutthistechniquewillnotworkifthecancerisinaccessibleorhasspreadthroughoutthebody.

9.ProfSeymoursinnovativesolutionistomaskthevirusfromthebodysimmunesystem,effectivelyallowingthevirusestodowhatchemotherapydrugsdo-spreadthroughthebloodandreachtumourswherevertheyare.Thebighurdlehasalwaysbeentofindawaytodelivervirusestotumoursviathebloodstreamwithoutthebodysimmunesystemdestroyingthemontheway.

10.Whatwevedoneismakechemicalmodificationstothevirustoputapolymercoataroundit-itsastealthviruswhenyouinjectit,hesaid.

11.Afterthestealthvirusinfectsthetumour,itreplicates,butthecopiesdonothavethechemicalmodifications.Iftheyescapefromthetumour,thecopieswillbequicklyrecognisedandmoppedupbythebodysimmunesystem.

12.Thetherapywouldbeespeciallyusefulforsecondarycancers,calledmetastases,whichsometimesspreadaroundthebodyafterthefirsttumourappears.Theresanawfulstatisticofpatientsinthewest...withmalignantcancers;75%ofthemgoontodiefrommetastases,saidProfSeymour.

13.Twovirusesarelikelytobeexaminedinthefirstclinicaltrials:adenovirus,whichnormallycausesacold-likeillness,andvaccinia,whichcausescowpoxandisalsousedinthevaccineagainstsmallpox.Forsafetyreasons,bothwillbedisabledtomakethemlesspathogenicinthetrial,butProfSeymoursaidheeventuallyhopestousenaturalviruses.

14.Thefirsttrialswilluseuncoatedadenovirusandvacciniaandwillbedeliveredlocallytolivertumours,inordertoestablishwhetherthetreatmentissafeinhumansandwhatdoseofviruswillbeneeded.Severalmoreyearsoftrialswillbeneeded,eventuallyalsoonthepolymer-coatedviruses,beforethetherapycanbeconsideredforuseintheNHS.Thoughtheapproachwillbeexaminedatfirstforcancersthatdonotrespondtoconventionaltreatments,ProfSeymourhopesthatonedayitmightbeappliedtoallcancers.

Questions1-6Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions1-6write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

1.Virustherapy,ifsuccessful,hasanadvantageineliminatingside-effects.

2.CancerResearchUKisquitehopefulaboutProfessorSeymour’sworkonthevirustherapy.

3.Viruscankillcancercellsandstopthemfromgrowingagain.

4.Cancer’sAchilles’heelreferstothefactthatvirusmaystaysafelyinatumorandreplicate.

5.Toinfectthecancercells,agooddealofvirusesshouldbeinjectedintothetumor.

6.Researchesonanimalsindicatethatviruscouldbeusedasanewwaytotreatdrug-resistanttumors.

Question7-9Basedonthereadingpassage,choosetheappropriateletterfromA-Dforeachanswer.

7.Informationaboutresearchesonviruseskillingtumorcellscanbefound

(A)onTV

(B)inmagazines

(C)oninternet

(D)innewspapers

8.Totreattumorsspreadingoutinbody,researcherstryto

(A)changethebody’immunesystem

(B)injectchemotherapydrugsintobloodstream.

(C)increasetheamountofinjection

(D)disguisethevirusesonthewaytotumors.

9.Whenthechemicalmodifiedvirusintumorreplicates,thecopies

(A)willsoonescapefromthetumorandspreadout.

(B)willbewipedoutbythebody’simmunesystem.

(C)willbeimmediatelyrecognizedbytheresearchers.

(D)willeventuallystopthetumorfromspreadingout.

雅思索试阅读模拟试题

Questions10-13Completethesentencesbelow.Chooseyouranswersfromthelistofwords.Youcanonlyuseeachwordonce.

NBTherearemorewordsinthelistthanspacessoyouwillnotusethemall.

Inthefirstclinicaltrials,scientistswilltryto……10……adenovirusandvaccinia,soboththeviruseswillbelesspathogenicthanthe……11…….Theseuncoatedviruseswillbeapplieddirectlytocertainareastoconfirmsafetyonhumanbeingsandtheright……12……needed.Theexperimentswillfirstlybe……13……tothetreatmentofcertaincancers

ListofWords

dosagerespondingsmallpoxvirus

disablenaturalonesinject

directedtreatmentcold-likeillness

killpatientsexamined

AnswersKeys:

1.答案：FALSE(见第2段：Ifsuccessful,virustherapycouldeventuallyformathirdpillaralongsideradiotherapyandchemotherapyinthestandardarsenalagainstcancer,whileavoidingsomeofthedebilitatingside-effects.Virustherapy只能避开一些副作用，而不是根除。)

2.答案：TRUE(见第3段，特殊是最终一句：CancerResearchUKsaidyesterdaythatitwasexcitedbythepotentialofProfSeymourspioneeringtechniques.)

3.答案：NOTGIVEN(文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)

4.答案：TRUE(见第5段第3、4句：这里“cancer’sAchillesheel”指“Ifyoucangetavirusintoatumour,virusesfindthemaverygoodplacetobebecausetheresnoimmunesystemtostopthemreplicating.”Achillesheel的意思是“唯全都命弱点”)

5.答案：FALSE(见第6段第第1句：Onlyasmallamountofthevirusneedstogettothecancer.)

6.答案：TRUE(见第7段：Preliminaryresearchonmiceshowsthatthevirusesworkwellontumoursresistanttostandardcancerdrug.……,whichcouldbequitedifferenttoanythingwevehadbefore.)

7.答案：B(见第8段第1、2句