微生物题库(英文)

Test1:DevelopmentofMicrobiology

■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)

1.Thefundamentalunitofalllivingthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

organismsisthe:

■.membrane■.cell■.nucleus■.cellwall

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells

8.Thefirstdocumenteduseofavaccinefor

2.OrganismsthatdonotcontainatruesmallpoxwasreportedbytheEnglishnucleusarereferredtoas:physician:

■.fungi

■.eukaryotic

■.Lister

■.Florey

■.prokaryotic■.nankaryotic

■.Fleming■.Jenner

3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystem9.Activeimmunitycanbedistinguishedoforganismswasproposedby:frompassiveimmunityinthattheformer

■.Pasteur

■.Bacon

requires:

■.Winogradsky■.Woese

■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sown

4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodiescharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiare■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sowncomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriabodybystimulationwithexternalantigens

arecomposedofpeptidoglycan.

■.chitin■.phospholipid

■.protein■.glucosamine

■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody■.developmentofantigensinone'sownbody

5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:bystimulationwithexternalantibodies

■.Ehrlich

■.Metchnikoff

10.Theprocessofnitrificationbybacteria

■.Leewenhoek■.Lister

describedbyWinogradskyconverts:

6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbe■.ammoniatonitrateions

accomplishedbychemicalorimmune■.nitrateionstoammonia

mechanisms.Thefirstreportonthe■.N2toammonia■.ammoniatoureaproductionofanantibioticiscreditedto:11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganism

■.Lister■.Fleming

■.Ehrlich■.Koch

7.Theterm"antibiotic"means:

■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythat

toanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvectorisreferredtoas:

■.electroporation■.conjugation

■.transformation■.transduction

killsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriais

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganism

locatedinthemolecule:

■.RNA■.DNA

■.protein■.lipid

■FillintheBlank

1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_______

2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_______

3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the_______andthe_______.

4._______areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.

5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:arecalled_______.

6.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.

7.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.

8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas______.

9.______areorganismsthatproducemethanefromCO2.

10.______organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.

11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:a.______b.______c.______d.______

12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:_______.

13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof_______.

14.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.

15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoningandobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_____.

16.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.

17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganismsbymoderateheatingiscalled:_______.

18.Theprocessoftyndallizationusesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor_______microorganismsfromsolutions.

19.An_______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.

20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas_______.

21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulfforeignparticlesarereferredtoas______.

22.Asubstanceinserumthatcanneutralizeforeignmaterialisreferredtoas______or______.23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled______thatinhibitsviralreplication.24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenictopathogenicstrainsofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof______.

25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas______.

26.______istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.

■Matching

l.FrancisBacona.phagocytosis

2.AntonLeeuwenhoekb.antibody

3.PaulEhrlichc.nitrification

4.HansGramd.immunization

5.LouisPasteure.threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA

6.RobertKochf.structureofDNA

7.JosephListerg.firstmicroscope

8.AlexanderFlemingh.conjugationortransduction

9.EdwardJenneri.differentialstainforbacteria

10.EliMerferon

11.EmilvonBehringk.rabiesvaccine

12.AlickIsaacs1.penicillin

13.SergeiWinogradskym.antiseptictechnique

14.JoshuaLederbergn.establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease

15.WatsonandCricko.magicbullet

16.CarlWoesep.scientificmethod

1.p2.g3.o4.i5.k6.n7.m8.l9.d10.a11.b12.j13.c14.h15.f16.eTest2:MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms

■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)

1.Lightmicroscopyisdependentonthe6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilitymicroscopesutilizeselectronbeamstooflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtovisualizeobjects?

as:

■.transportedlight■.transmittedlight■.reflectedlight■.refractedlight

■.Nomarski■.TEM

■.PCM■.Confocal

7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfrom

2.Theresolvingpower(R)ofamicroscopeapatientsuspectedofhaving"StrepThroat."isdependentonthewavelengthoflight(;~)Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolateandthenumericalaperture(NA)ofthelens.thesuspectedpathogen?

TheformulaforRis:

■.R=0.5~.xNA

■.R=0.5;~/NA

■.R=NA/0.5Jr

■.R=Squarerootof0.5)./NA

■.defined■.enriched

■.selective■.differential

8.Sterilizationofmaterialwithanautoclaveutilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithan

3.Thegramstainuses~asamordanttofixautoclaveis:

theprimarystain:

■.iodine■.alcohol

■.acetone■.safranin

4.Theacid-faststainisusefulinthe

■.15minat121℃at15lb/in2■.15minat256℃at15lb/in2■.15minat121℃at1lb/in2■.15rainat121℃at30lb/in2

identificationofwhichofthefollowing9.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureoforganisms:bacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethod

■.Staphylococcusaureus

■.Mycoplasmamycoides

ofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?

■.Mycobacteriatuberculosis

■.directcount

■.viablecount

■.Moraxellaosloensis

■.turbidimetriccount■.absorbance

5.Botulismisaseriousdiseasethatcan10.Identificationofmicroorganismscanbedevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodaccomplishedbyanumberoftechniques.containingbacterialspores.WhichoftheWhichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoffollowinggeneraarecapableofproducingtheorganism?

spores?

■.Salmonella■.Listeria

■.Escherichia■.Clostridia

■.enzymelinkedassay

■.geneprobe

■.metabolic■.fluorescent

■FillintheBlank

1.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.

2.______techniqueisusedtomaintainapurecultureandavoidcontamination.

3.Sterilizationinstrumentthatutilizessteamunderpressure:_______.

4.A______plateutilizesalooporneedletodistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.5.______identificationutilizesantibodiesfornamingofbacterialspecies.

6.Bacteriacanbepreservedforlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-dryingor______.

7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa______tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.

8.Theviableplatecountcountslivebacterialcoloniesintherangeor______to______.

9.Acountingchamberandamicroscopeareusedinthe______countofbacteria.

10.The______techniqueutilizesalabeledcomplementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen.

■Matching

MatchingI:

l.Primarystainforgramstaina.Negativestain

2.Stainsbacterialcellb.Carbohlfuchsin

3.Usedtofixstainc.Crystalviolet

4.Decolorized.Malachitegreen

5.Sporestaine.Safranin

6.Acid-faststainf.Positivestain

7.Gram-bacteriatakeupthiscounterstaing.Alcohol

8.Stainsbackgroundh.Mordant

MatchingII:

1.Mediausedtoinhibitgrowthofunwantedorganismsa.Enrichment

2.Mediawhereallcomponentsarenotknownb.Selective

3.Mediausedtocontrastorganismsonsameplatec.Differential

4.Mediausedtoenhancegrowthd.Complex

MatchingI:1.c2.f.3.h4.g5.d.6.b7.e8.a

MatchingII:1.b2.d3.c4.a

Test3:OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms

■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)

1.Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranes

becauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipidcomponentofthemembrane.

■.phosphates■.fattyacids■.proteins■.sterols

2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:

■.bilayermodel

■.fluidmosaicmodel

■.trilayermodel

■.permeablemodel

■.semipermanent

■.semitransparent

■.semipermeable

■.semidiffuse

5.Movementofmoleculesatanenhancedrateacrossthemembraneiscalled:

■.facilitateddiffusion

■.passivediffusion

■.osmosis

■.permeation

6.Whichofthefollowingmechanismstransportsmoleculeswithoutchemical

3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossalteration?

themembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas:

■.diffusion■.osmosis

■.translocation■.transport

■.activetransport

■.grouptranslocation

■.facilitateddiffusion

■.bindingproteintransport

4.Themembraneofacellisableto7.WhichofthefollowingtransportdifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthemechanismoccursonlyinGram-negativecellandactasa____barrier.bacteria?

■.activetransport

■.grouptranslocation

■.facilitateddiffusion

■.bindingproteintransport

8.Whichofthefollowingtransportmechanismsoccursonlyinprokaryotes?

■.activetransport

■.grouptranslocation

■.facilitateddiffusion

■.bindingproteintransport

9.Lysozymeandpenicillinhaveactivityagainstthecellwall.Lysozymebreaksthiscomponent;penicillinpreventsitsformation.

■.lipopolysaccharide

■.phospholipid

■.peptidoglycan

■.teichoicacid

10.Partialdestructionofthecellwallwithlysozymeleavesacellcalleda:

■.protoplast■.spheroplast

■.substratelevelphosphorylation

■.chemiosmosis

■.protokinesis

■.glycolysis

16.Theendoplasmicreticulum(ER)isamembranousstructurewithineukaryoticcells.Itisthesiteforproteinsynthesisandforstorageandtransportationofmoleculesoutofthecell.WhichpartoftheERisusedforproteinsynthesis?

■.golgiapparatus■.roughER

■.smoothER■.microbody17.Flagellaofbacteriaarecomposedofproteinsubunitscalledflagellin;eukaryoticflagellaarecomposedofsubunitscalled:

■.flagellin■.cilin

■.spectrin■.tubulin

18.Flagellaareusedtopropelthecellinresponsetoanenvironmentalsignal.Bacterialflagellaandeukaryoticflagellacanbe

■.periplast

■.capsule

differentiatedsincetheformermovesby:

11.Acapsulecanbedifferentiatedfromaslimelayerssincethecapsule:

■.ismadeupofcomplexcarbohydratesandtheslimelayercontainsprotein

■.isboundtothecellmembrane■.isboundtothecellwall

■.isboundtotheoutermembrane12.ThechromatinofeukaryoticcellsiscomposedofDNAand____

■.histoneproteins

■.nonhistoneproteins

■.RNA

■.ribosomes

13.DNAtransfersinformationtomakeproteinsinmoleculesreferredtoas:

■.iRNA■.mRNA

■.rRNA■.tRNA

14.Mitochondrialribosomesare____insize.■.40S■.60S

■.70S■.80S

15.TheprocesswherebyATPisgeneratedbytheflowofprotonsacrossamembraneis:

■.rotatingarounditsbase

■.pullingitselfonceitisattachedtoasurfaceormate

■.wavingorwhippingtomovethecell■.twistingandreleasingsimilartoa

rubberband

19.Endosporesaremultilayeredstructuresthatprovideprotectionfromenvironmentalstressandarecomposedof:

■.peptidoglycanandlipopolysaccharide■.peptidoglycanandcalciumdipicolonate■.peptidoglycanandcalciumbicarbonate■.lipopolysaccharideandsuccinicacid20.Gram-positivebacteriacanbedifferentiatedfromGram-negativebacteriasincethepeptidoglycanlayeroflatercomprises____%ofthecellwall.

■.90■.50

■.30■.10

■FillintheBlank

1.Mostcellsuseenergyintheformof______torunthecell.

2.Phospholipidsofeubacterialcellsarecomposedofa______groupanda_____onaglycerolbackbone.

3.Membraneproteinsfoundonthesurfacearecalled______proteins.

4.TheenergysourceforactivetransportineukaryotesisderivedfromATP.Theenergyforactivetransportinprokaryotesisderivedfrom______.

5.TheregionbetweentheoutermembraneinGram-negativebacteriaandthecellwalliscalledthe_______.

6.ExtrachromosomalDNAelementsfoundinbacteriaarecalled________.

7.Ribosomesarestructurescomposedof_______and______.

8.Thefluidinsideacellisreferredtoasthe________.

9.Thehereditaryorganelleofeukaryoticcellsiscalledthe______.

10.Theprocessbywhichacellengulfsandinternalizesparticlessuchasbacteriaorothercellsiscalled______.

■Matching

karyotesa.hookandbasalbody

2.eukaryotesb.endofcell

3.hydrophobicc.microtubles

4.hydrophilicd.pill

5.permeasee.eukaryotes

6.eubacteriaf.surroundingcell

7.archeobacteriag.9+2arrangement

8.karyotes

9.chitini.fattyacid

10.circularchromosomej.algae

11.linearchromosomek.transportprotein

12.70Sribosomes1.lackorganelles

13.80Sribosomesm.possesnucleus

14.polarflagellan.waterloving

15.peritrichousflagellao.fungi

16.bacterialflagellap.L-aminoacids

17.eukaryoticflagellaq.D-aminoacids

18.fimbria

19.cilia

20.cytoskeleton

1.l2.m,j,o3.n4.i5.k6.p7.q8.j9.o10.h11.e,j,o12.h,j,o13.e14.b15.f16.a17.g18.d19.e20.c

Test4:Prokaryotes

■GenusMatch:(MatchtheGenuswiththeAppropriateGroup)

MatchtheGenuswiththeAppropriateGroup:

l.Spirochetea.Halococcus

2.Gm-aerobic,motile,vibroidb.Clostridium

3.Gm-aerobiccoccic.VeiUonella

4.Gm-facultativerodd.Caulobacter

5.Gm-anerobicrode.Treponema

6.Gm-anaerobiccoccif.Myxococcus

7.Budding/appendagedg.Streptococcus

8.Fruitingbodyh.Pyrobaculum

9.Gm+coccii.Campylobacter

10.Gm+rods(nospores)j.Methanococcus

11.Gm+rods(endospores)k.Listeria

12.Gm+irregularrod1.Bacteroides

13.Halophilem.Neisseria

14.Thermophilen.Salmonella

15.Methanogeno.Corynebacteria

l.e2.I3.m4.n5.16.c7.d8.d9.g10.kll.b12.o13.a14.h15.j

■CharacteristicMatch:(MatchtheCharacteristicwiththeAppropriateGenusorGroup)MatchtheCharacteristicwiththeAppropriateGenusorGroup:

l.Borreliaa.sulfurreducing

2.Helicobacterb.acidfast

3.Shigellac.Gm+rod,aerobic,endospores

4.Desulfovibriod.gliding

5.Chlamydiae.psedomurein

6.Anabaenaf.cyanobacteria

7.Chemolithotrophicg.helicalrod,nocentralfibrils

8.Caulobacterh.helicalrod,centralfibrils

9.Cytophagai.filamentous

10.Staphylococcusj.obligateintracellularparasite

11.Bacillusk.Gm+cocciinclusters

12.Actimomycetes1.Enterobacteriacea

13.Mycoplasmam.Nitrobacter

14.Msthecae

15.Methanogeno.friedegg

1.h2.g3.14.a5.j6.f7.m8.n9.d10.k11.c12.f13.o14.b15.eTest5:Eukaryotes

■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)

l.Fungiareconsideredheterotrophicbecausetheyobtainnutritionthrough:

■.phagocytosis

■.endocytosis

■.adsorption

■.photosynthesis

2.Theseparationbetweenfilamentousfungalcellsarereferredtoas:

■.cellwalls

■.septa

■.chitin

■.sidewalls

3.Fungithatcanappearasayeastorfilamentousarereferredtoas:

■.Fungiimperfecti

■.Fungiperfecti

■.cheterotrophicfungi

■.dimorphicfungi

4.Thickwalledsporesformedwithinfungalcellsarecalled:

■.arthrospores

■.sporangiospores

■.blastospores

■.chlamydospores

5.Asexualfungalsporesthatareformedfromfragmentedhyphaearecalled:

■.arthrospores

■.sporangiospores

■.ascospores

■.chlamydospores

6.Asexualfungalsporesformedwithinasac-likestructurearecalled:

■.arthrospores

■.sporangiospores

■.blastospores

■.ascospores

7.Sexualfungalsporesformedwithinasac-likestructurearecalled:

■.chlamydospores

■.sporangiospores

■.blastospores

■.ascospores

8.WhichofthefollowingclassesoffungicausehypertrophyofcellssimilartothebacteriumA.tumifaciens?

■.Oomycetes

■.Ascomycetes

■.Chytridiomycetes

■.Deuteromycetes

9.Whichofthefollowingfungiaremotilebytwoflagella?

■.Oomycetes

■.Ascomycetes

■.Chytridiomycetes

■.Deuteromycetes

10.CommonbreadmoldiscausedbyRhizopusstoloniferwhichisa:

■.Deuteromycete

■.Ascomycete

■.Basidiomycete

■.Zygomycete

11.Ascomycetescanbedifferentiatedfromzygomycetessincetheascomyceteshavehyphae.

■.septated

■.aseptated

12.Whichofthefollowingfungihaveasexualreproductivephase?

■.Coccidiodes

■.Histoplasma

■.Aspergillus

■.Alternaria

13.Whichclassoffungidonothaveasexualreproductivephase?

■.Deuteromycete

■.Ascomycete

■.Basidiomycete

■.Zygomycete

14.Thecellstructuresofbracketfungiarereferredtoas:

■.septa

■.basidiocarp

■.anteridium

■.Zygomycet

15.Thetoxinfromwhichofthefollowingmushroomsinhibitspolymeraseactivity?

■.Agaricusbisporous

■.Ischnordermaresinosum

■.anteridium

■.Zygomycet

16.Thecommonmushroombelongstowhichgroupoffungi?

■.Ascomycetes

■.Basidiomycetes

■.Chytridiomycetes

■.Deuteromycetes

17.WhichofthefollowingDeuteromycetesareoftencoloredgreenandtheconidiosporesarearrangedinabrushshape?

■.Penicillium

■.Alternaria

■.Coccidiodes

■.Geotrichum

18.Allofthefollowingalgaearegreenwith

theexceptionofa:■.Phagosome■.cytosome

■.Euglena■.Volvox■.Spirogyra■.Nemalion

■.lysosome■.porosome

25.Sarcodinaareprotozoathatarepropelled

19.Whichalgaecontainaredpigmentedareaby:■.Flagella■.cilia

knownastheeyespot?

■.Euglenoids

■.Chlorophycophyta

■.Rhodophycophyta

■.Phaeophycophyta

■.pseudopodia

■.theyaretechnicallynonmotile26.Trypanosomesbelongtowhichgroupofprotozoa:

■.Flagellates■.pseudopodiaformers

20.TheouterlayerofEuglenaiscalled:

■.ciliates

■.sporeformers

■.cellwall■.fmstule

■.pellicle■.blade

21.Xanthophyllpigmentsgivealgaeacolor.■.Red■.blue

■.yellow■.green

27.Plasmodiumisgroupedasa:

■.flagellates

■.pseudopodiaformers

■.ciliates■.sporeformers28.Thematureformofsporeforming

22.Whichofthefollowingalgaearecloserprotozoaarecalled:

phylogeneticallytohigherplants?

■.brownalgae

■.yellow-greenalgae

■.redalgae

■.greenalgae

23.Thestoragematerial,paramylon,ismadeinwhichofthefollowinggroupsofalgae?

■.euglenoid■.redalgae■.greenalgae■.brownalgae

24.Themouthofaciliatedprotozoaiscalled

■.protozoites■.sporozoites■.trophozoites■.cytozoite

29.Parameciumareclassifiedas:

■.flagellates

■.pseudopodiaformers

■.ciliates

■.sporeformers

30.Therestingstageofaprotozoaarecalled:■.Trophozoites■.sporozoites■.saprozoites■.cysts

■FillintheBlank

1.Unicellularfungiarecalled______.

2.Filamentousfungiformbranchingstructurescalled______.

3.Themostcommonformofreproductioninyeastsoccursby______.

4.Silicaisfoundinthecellwallof______.

5.Theexternalstructuresofmushroomsarereferredtoas_______.

6.Thegrowthoffungicanbeexpressedby_____.

7.Redtideiscausedbyatoxinreleasedbytheorganism,Gonyaulax,whichbelongstothe______groupoffungi.

8.Agarismadefromthisgroupofalgae:______.

9.Trypanosomagambiensecausesthedisease______.

10.Aflagellateprotozoathatcanbefoundinmountainstreamsandcausesdiarrheais______.Test6:BacterialGrowthandReproduction

■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)

1.Inbacterialcultures,growthcanbedemonstratedbyanincreasein:

■.mass

■.cellnumber

■.cellsize

■.celllength

2.DNAreplicationinbacteriaiscontrolledby:

raisedfrom15~(2to35~(2.Theculturesintheincubatordemonstrateda____foldincrease

■.cellsize

■.celldivision

inenzymaticactivity.

■.cellseparation■.cellinitiation3.Duringwhichphaseofbacterialgrowthisthereanincreaseincellsizebutnotincellnumber?

■.two■.for

■.eight■.twenty

9.Organismsthatgrowatorneartheiroptimalgrowthtemperaturearecalled:

■.lag

■.log

■.stenothermalbacteria

■.stationary■.exponential4.Thegenerationtimeforbacteriaisdeterminedby:

■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromthetimetheculturewasinitiateduntilthebeginningofstationaryphase

■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlagphasetodeathphase

■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlogphasetotheendofstationaryphase

■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlogphasetothebeginningofstationaryphase

5.Mostpathogenicbacteriaareconsidered:■.psychrophiles

■.mesophiles

■.thermophiles

■.merophiles

6.Bacteriathatgrowatlownutrientconcentrationsarereferredtoas:

■.autotrophs

■.phototrophs

■.copiotrophs

■.oligotrophs

7.Intimesofnutrientdeficiencies,thebacteriaClostridiumproduce____untilconditionsarepermissiveforvegetativegrowth.

■.prosthecae

■.spores

■.stalks

■.fruitingbodies

8.Thetemperatureoftheincubatorwas

■.euthermalbacteria

■.cauldoactivebacteria

■.mesophilicbacteria

10.Allofthefollowingaretoxicoxygenproductsexcept:

■.02■.OH-

■.H20■.H202

11.Catalase,whichisproducedbyStaphylococci,catalyzeswhichofthefollowingreactions?

■.202+2H+→2H202+02

■.2H202→2H20+02

■.H202+NADH+H+→2H20+NAD

■.H202+e-+H+→H2O+OH-12.AsaturatedsolutionofNaC1hasawateractivityindexof:

■.1.0■.0.90

■.0.80■.0.70

13.OrganismsthatcangrowatawaterindexatorbelowthatofNaCIarecalled:

■.xerotolerant

■.salttolerant

■.mesotolerant

■.salotolerant

14.Allofthefollowingorganismswillsurviveanenvironmentof0.9Awexcept:

■.Lactobacillus

■.Staphylococcus

■.Saccharomyces

■.SpiriUum

15.Halophilesareclassifiedasorganismsthatrequire____forgrowth.

■.sugar

■.salt

■.water

■.air

16.Osmophilesrequirea____Awfor

■.normal

growth.19.Fungicanbedifferentiatedfrommost

■.low

■.high

17.Thepressureexertedonacellduetohighsoluteconcentrationsisreferredtoas:

■.osmoticpressure

■.hydrostaticpressure

■.barometricpressure

■.surfacetension

18.Adiverencounteredanewbacterialisolatewhileshewasdivingat1000m.The

bacteriabyculturingat:

■.marine

■.lowpH

■.neutralpH

20.Allphototacficbacteriarespondtolightby:

■.movingawayfromthesourceoflight

■.movingtowardthesourceoflight■.increasingthemovementoftheir

organismwillbeclassifiedas:flagella

■.marine

■.barotolerant

■.barophilic

■.creatinggasvesiclestorisetothesurface

■FillintheBlank

1.Organismsthatgrowbestabove40oCarecalled______.

2.Organismsthatgrowbestbelow20oCarecalled______.

3.Organismsthatgrowbestbetween20and40oCarecalled______.

4.Myxobacteriaformuniquestructurescalled______tocopewithnutrientdeficiencies.

5.Bacteriathatgrowonlyatreducedoxygenconcentrationsarecalled_______.

6.Bacteriathatrequireoxygenforgrowtharecalled_____.

7.Bacteriathatgrowathighnutrientconcentrationsarecalled______.

8.Caulobacterisanexampleofa______bacteria.

9.Attemperaturesabovetheoptimum,E.coliandotherbacteriainduceachangeingeneexpressioncalled______.

10.Achangeinhydrostaticpressureof10atmisexperiencewithanincreaseindepthof______m.

■Matching

CellCycleMatching:

l.Ca.cellenlargement

2.Mb.condensationofchromosomes

3.G1c.replicationofthegenome

4.G2d.separationofchromosomes

5.Se.celldivision

1.e2.d3.a4.b5.c

Test7:ControlofMicrobialGrowth

■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)

1.Chemicalsusedonthebodytocontrolmicroorganismsarecalled:

■.antiseptics

■.disinfectants

■.antibiotics

■.chemotherapeutic

2.Themosteffectivewayofsterilizingasolutionisby:

■.incineration

■.pasteurization

■.filtration

■.moistheat

3.Anautoclaveisanapparatusthatisusedtosterilizevariousmaterials.Theappropriateconditionsforsterilizingcontaminatedmaterialisgivenbywhichofthefollowing:

■.15minat121℃atlpsi

■.5minat121℃at15psi

■.15minat121℃at15psi

■.5minat131℃at15psi

4.Allofthefollowingareaneffectofionizingradiationexcept:

■.breakshydrogenbonds

■.thyminedimerformation

■.generatesoxygenradicals

■.ringstructuredestruction

5.Ahyperbaricchamberwouldbeusefulfortreatinginfectionscausedbywhichofthefollowinggenera:

■.Treponema

■.Chlamydia

■.Campylobacter

■.Clostridia

6.Agentsthatareusedtoinhibitbacterialgrowthareconsidered:

■.bacteriocidal

■.bacteriostatic

■.antiseptics

■.disinfectants

7.Thetermusedtodescribesubstancesproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillorinhibitothermicroorganismsarecalled:

■.antimicrobics

■.antibiotics

■.chemotherapeuticagents

■.antiseptics

8.Antibioticsmustexhibitwhichofthefollowingtobeeffective:

■.narrowspectrum

■.broadspectrum

■.selectivetoxicity

■.bacteriocidal

9.Whichofthefollowingtestsutilizesanantibioticimpregnateddisktotestfortheefficacyoftheantibiotic?

■.MIC

■.MBC

■.Mueller-Hinton

■.Kirby-Bauer

10.TheMICassaycandetermineifanantibioticagentis:

■.bacteriocidal

■.bacteriostatic

■.aandb

■.noneoftheabove

11.Penicillinsareeffectiveagainst:

■.cellsinlogphase

■.cellsinstationaryphase

■.cellsineclipsephase

■.allbacterialcells

12.Penicillinasesinhibittheactivityofpenicillinsbywhichofthefollowingmechanisms:

■.breakN.

acetylglucosamine:N-acetylmuramicacid

bonds

■.breakthepeptidiglycan

■.breakthebetalactamring

■.breakcycloserine

13.Aminoglycosidesinhibitproteinsynthesisbybindingtothe:

■.tRNA

■.mRNA

■.30Sribosomalsubunit

■.50Sribosomalsubunit

14.Trimethaprimisaninhibitorofdihydrofolatereductasewhichisimportantiswhichofthefollowing:

■.vitaminmetabolism

■.1-carbontransfers

■.proteinsynthesis

■.membraneintegrity

15.HIsoniazidisusedinthetreatmentof:■.Pneumococcalinfections

■.StreptococcalInfections

■.Legionellain