2016年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力

2016年全国英语等级考试四级全真预测卷听力(4)PartAHenrvAlfredKissingerwasborninGermanyofJewishnationalityonMay27，1923．HecametotheUnitedStatesinl938andbecameaUScitizeninl943．HeservedintheUSArmyinWorldWarIIfrom1943to1946．HestudiedpoliticalscienceatHarvardUniversityandgothisdoctoraldegreethere．Healsotaughttherefroml954untill969．Hewasauniqueteacherandadmiredbyhisstudents．DrKissirIgerenteredgovernmentserviceinl969andeventuallybecamethemostcelebratedAmericanSecretarvofStatesinceThomasJefferson．HewaschiefforeignpolicyadvisorandSecretaryofStatetoPresidentsRichardNixonandGeraldFord．AmongKissinger’sachievementsweretherestorationofUSrelationswiththePeople’sRepublicofChinaandthearrangement—by“shuttlediplomacy”一0facease-firebetweentheIsraelisandtheArabsintheArab-IsraeliWarof1973．Healsonegotiatedacease-fireinVietnamandwasawardedNobelPeacePrizeforl973forhisroleinUStroopswithdrawingfromVietnam．PartBToday’slecturewillincludethemostoutstandingachievementsinbiologyasitrelatestothemedicalsciences．EarlvinGreekhistory，Hippocrates，wholivedfrom460to370BC，begantostudythehumanbodyandtoapplyscientificmethodstotheproblemsofdiagnosisandthetreatmentofdiseases．Hekeptcarefulrecordsofsymptomsandtreatments，indicatingthesuccessorfailureofthepatient’scure．Hehasbeenrecognizedasthefatherofmodernmedicine．Aboutacenturylater，Aristotlebeganflscientificstudyofplantsandanimals，classifyingmorethanfivehundredtypesonthebasisofbodystructure．Becauseofhisgreatcontributiontothefield，Aristotlehasbeencalledthefatherofbiology．DuringtheMiddleAges，scientificmethodwasScornedinfavorofalchemy．SomescientistswereevenimprisonedforcarryingOUttheirinvestigations．ThUS,medicineandbiologyhadadvancedverylittlefromthetimeoftheancientsuntiltheseventeenthcenturywhentheEnglishphysicianandanatomistWmiamHarverydiscoveredamechanismforthecirculationofthebloodinthebody．Bytheendoftheeighteenthcentury，EdwardJennerhaddiscoveredavaccineagainstsmallpox．Hiscontributionnotonlycontrolledthediseaseitself，butalsoestablishedthescienceofimmunization．LouisPasteur’stheoriesaboutgermsandbacteriaadvancedinthenineteenthcenturyareconsideredbymanytobethegreatestsinglecontributionofbiologytomedicine．Withinafewdecades，thecauseswereisolatedforsuchancientdiseasesasleprosy，plague，diphtheria，andtuberculosis．Buttheadvancesofthetwentiethcenturyincurativeandpreventivemedicineandbiologyarefarmoren啪erousthanallotherperiodscombined．Considerthatthesterilizationofsurgicalinstruments，largelyitheideaofSirJosephLister，isflprocessonly75yearsold．Sulfurdrugs，antibiotics，andX-raysarediscoveriesofthepast50years．PartCQuestionll~13arebasedonaspecialTVnewsreportaboutthethreeastronautsreturningfromaspaceflight．Younowhavel5secondstoreadQuestions11~13．Weinterruptthisprogramtobringyouaspecialnewsbulletin-ThethreeastronautshavesplasheddownsafelyinthePacificOcean，145milessouthwestofHawaii，onlysixmilesfromtheaircraftcarrierthatwasdispatchedfortherecoverymission．Thespacecapsulefloateddownonthreeparachutesandlandedright-side-upinthewater．MissionContr01inHouston，whichisinconstantcommunicationwiththeastronauts，confirmedthattheparachutesandlandingsystemshadfunctionedproperly．MissionControlhasadvisedtheastronautstoremaininsidethecapsuleuntiltheyareliftedaboardtheaircraftcarrier．AnAirForcehelicopterisalreadyhoveringabovethecapsuleandsevendiversareintheprocessofattachinglinestothespacecraft．Theastronautshavereturnedafterfifteendaysinspace．Possiblyoneofthemostimportantaccomplishmentsofthismissionwastheextensivephotographingofthesun’ssurface．Aftertwodaysofphysicalexaminationsandobservation，theastronautswillflytoHoustonwheretheywillbereunitedwiththeirfamilies．TheyplantoreturntoMissionControlonThursdaytoholdanewseonference．Ladiesandgentlemen，wehaveconfirmationthattheastronautsarenowaboardtheaircraftcarrier．Theyseemtobeinverygoodconditionastheyprepareforthewelcomingceremonies．Formoreaboutthesplash-down．watchtheseven0’clocknewsreportonChannell2，NBC．Questionsl4~16arebasedonatalkaboutgraffiti，anartformforsomepeopleorviolenceforothers．‰nowhavel5secondstoreadQuestions14~16．Graffitiisdrawingorwritingoftenfoundinawallinpublicplaces．Thesedrawingsandwritingsareusuallyrude，humorous，orpolitical．Thewords“graffiti”comesfromanItalianwordmeaningaddress．Graffitiprovidesarecordofthepastbecausepeoplehavewrittenonwallsforcenturies．Cavedrawingsaretheearliestexampleswehaveoftheartofgraffiti．Writingonwallsisawaytocommentontheworldwelivein．Women’sliberationgroupsinBritain，forexample，haveusedgraffititoshowtheirangeratthesexdiscriminationofmanyadvertisementswherewomen’sbodiesareusedtosellgoods．Yesterday’sgraffiticanbetoday’sforeignattraction．WhentheBerlinwallcamedowninl989，peoplefoundthatitwascoveredwithgraffitifromallovertheworld．Gravesoffamouspeople，likerock-starJimMorrison，arecoveredwithwrittenmessagesfromfans．Graffitiisalsoapopularartform．Graffitipictureshavegainedrespectinartisticcircles．Today，graffitiislikelytobefoundhanginginsidemodernNewYorkapartmentsaswellasindowntownstreets．InNewYork．graffitipictureshavebeensoldforhundredsorthousandsofdoliars．Graffitiartistshavebeenpaidtousetheirarttobrightenupdullenvironments．Butgraffiticanbringustrouble．Scenesofnaturalbeautyandimportantlandmarkshavebeenspoiledbymindlessgraffiti．TheLondonundergroundauthorityhasspentabout2millionpoundsayearonremovinggraffitifromtrainsandstations．Ifyouarecaughtdoingit，youcanbesenttoprison．InBritain，themaximumsentenceforthistypeofcrimeistenyears．Whetheryouthinkgraffitiismindlessviolenceagainstproperty，oralivingartform，itspopularitysuggeststhatitisheretostay．Questionsl7~20arebasedOnaradioinfervieWaboutdiVarce．younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17~20．M：Dearaudiences，todaywe’11talkaboutdivorceanditseffectonchildren．OurguestisJenniferBenzes.Thankyouforcomin9，Jennifer．Doyoumindsayingsomethingaboutyourdivorce?W：N0．Igotdivorcedyearsago．Evenworse，IgotdivorcedwhenIhadsmallchildren．M：Haveyouthoughtoftheeffectdivorcemayhaveonyourchildren?Theirneedscanbeforgottenasparentsarestrugglingtoreestablishtheirlives．W：Ofcourse，wehve．Wearedefinitelymoreawareoftheimpactonchildren．AfterallwearenotfaInouspeoplewhotradespouseslikeshoes．FormostofUSdivorceisnotenteredintolightly．Weallsuffer．Anyway，wetrytocomfortourchildren．M：How?W：Wetellthemwelovethemandwillalwaysdo．M：Youhaven’tthoughtofsavingthemarriage?W：Yes，wehave．Wewoulddoanythingtospareourchildrenpain．Butyouknow，fixingamarriagelsnotlikechangingatire．Familyconflictsmaytakeholdlikeacancer．M：Thendivorceistheonlywaytogetridofit．W：It’struewithme．Othersmaysucceedinfixin9．M：Yetm0stpeOplebelleveabadmarriageisbetterforchildrenthanadivorce．Accordingtoarecentpool,nlorepeopletodaythinkparentsshouldstaytogetherforthesakeofthechildren．Whatdoyouthink?W：IthinkthecOstofstayingtogetherisworsethanthebenefits．Parentsquarrellingandfightingalldaymaydomoreharmtotheirchildren．M：Whatdoyouwantsocietytodoforyou?W：Understandus，notcurseus．Moreimportantly，theyshouldhelpUSsharethelossandbuildabetterfutllreSectionIListeningComprehensionPartA1．Jewish。独自第一句话即用ofJewishmtionality(犹太民族)说明了nationality在此不是“国籍”，因为Germany在下面的Birthplace(出生地)一栏中出现了。另外，考生应注意表格中的信,gjl颐序并不是材料中信息交代的顺序。2．P0litical。答案在独白第四句：Hestudiedpoliticalscience…(他在哈佛大学学习政治学)。3．Harvard。答案对应于独白第五句：Healsotaughttherefroml954untill969，其中there就是指上一句中的HarvardUnive。sity。独自中只出现了这一个大学名，考生要注意的还是信息出现的顺序问题。4．Government。答案信息位于第七句：DrKissingerenteredgovernmentserviceinl969。5．1973。独自最后一句指出了基辛格获得诺贝尔奖的时间是1973年。该句中只出现了这一个时间，考生要听清的是它与事件之间的对应关系。PartB6．modernmedicine。答案信息对应于独白第四句：Hehasbeen…thefatherofmodernmedicine。因为该段谈论的就是古希腊的Hippocrates，所以此句中的He指代的就是他。7．Plantsandanimals。独白第五句中指出：Aristotlebeganascientificstudyofplantsandanimals，题目只是变成特殊疑问句，针对此句中的介词宾语提问。8．Theseventeenth／17th(century)。独白首先谈到了Hippocrates，然后是Aristotle，接着在独白中部谈到了WilliamHarvery。本题对应于独自中一句....untiltheseventeenthcenturywhen…WilliamHarverydiscovered…，考生可以用阿拉伯数字以提高答题速度和准确性。9．gern幡andbacteria。独自倒数第二段谈及的是LouisPasteur，其中第一句话即指出：LouisPasteur’Stheoriesaboutgermsandbacteriaadvanced…，题目只是表达稍有不同。10．farmorennnlernllks。独自最后一段将20世纪医学和生物的进步与前面谈及的各个阶段的发展进行了对比，其中第一句说：Buttheadvancesofthetwentiethcentury…arefarmorenumerousthan…，即20世纪的进步要比以前各个阶段加起来还多得多。PartC11．[C]。这是一则新闻报道。在报道的第二句中，说话者明确指出：ThethreeastronautshavesplasheddownsafelyinthePacificOcean，145milessouthwestofHawaii…(三名宇航员安全降落在离夏威夷西南145英里的太平洋上……)。对照选项，不难发现只有[C]符合原文。12．[C]。独白在整体说明了宇航员降落情况之后，独白又介绍了任务控制中心的说法，以及对于空间舱的打捞和接回宇航员们的情况，然后介绍了一些必要的背景知识，最后才回到宇航员们身上来，其中有一句指出：…theastronau