2019年英语新译林必修四（江苏专用）讲义Unit1SectionⅡWeletotheunitReading-Languagepoints

Section_ⅡWelcome_to_the_unit_&_Reading_—_Language_points一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.cheatvt.&vi.欺骗；作弊n.骗子；欺诈行为2.innocentadj.清白的；无罪的；无恶意的；纯真的3.welfaren.(个人或群体的)幸福、安全和健康；福利4.campaignn.运动5.curevt.治愈6.aimvt.&vi以……n.目的；目标7.mentaladj.心理的；思想的，精神的；智力的8.motton.座右铭；格言，箴言9.consultvt.咨询；请教10.groceryn.杂货店11.nationwideadj.&adv全国范围的(地)，全国性的(地)12.comprehensionn.理解力；领悟能力；理解练习Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.advertisevt.&vi.做广告，宣传→advertisementn．广告；广告宣传→advertisingn．2.persuadevt.说服，劝说；使信服→persuasiveadj.有说服力的3.breathn．气息；呼吸→breathev．呼吸4.pleasedadj.高兴，满意；乐于(做某事)→pleasantadj.令人愉快的→pleasingadj.令人愉快的5.foolvt.欺骗，愚弄n．傻瓜→foolishadj.愚蠢的6.benefitvt.&vi.使受益；得益于n．益处；救济金；奖金→beneficialelligencen．智力，才智；情报→intelligentadj.有智慧的1.经典英文广告语①Justdoit.只管去做。(耐克运动鞋)②Askformore.渴望无限。(百事流行鞋)③Thetasteisgreat.味道好极了。(雀巢咖啡)④Obeyyourthirst.服从你的渴望。(雪碧)⑤Startahead.成功之路，从头开始。(飘柔洗发水)2.innocentadj.清白的；无罪的；无恶意的；纯真的[记法]in­(不)＋nocent(伤害的)→没有伤害的→无罪的[同义]①simpleadj.单纯的②guiltlessadj.无罪的；无辜的[反义]guiltyadj.有罪的3.welfaren．(个人或群体的)幸福、安全和健康；福利[词块]①socialwelfare社会福利②liveonwelfare靠救济谋生③publicwelfare公共福利④childwelfare儿童福利4.intelligencen．智力，才智；情报[记法]intel­(在中间)＋lig(选)＋­ence(名词后缀)→挑选需要智慧→智力[词块]①increaseintelligence增加智力②havegoodintelligence头脑聪明③showintelligence显示才能④nativeintelligence天生的智力[近义]①wisdomn.智慧②witn.智慧，才智二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.beusedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事，适应……2.dosomeresearchon对……进行研究3.forfree免费4.bemeantto旨在，目的是5.beawareof知道，意识到6.evenif/though虽然，即使7.beproudof对……感到自豪8.bepleasedwith对……满意9.fallfor上……的当，受……的骗10.playtrickson欺骗，捉弄11.dealwith涉及，关于，处理，应付12.bytheway顺便问一下；顺便说说1.thinkaboutsocialproblems思考社会问题2.tellthecompletetruth百分之百讲真话3.affectpublicwelfare影响公共福利4.cheatpeople欺骗人们5.attractivepictures引人注目的照片6.knowledgechangeslife知识改变命运7.widespreadsocialconcerns普遍存在的社会问题8.publicserviceprojects公共服务项目9.ProjectHope希望工程10.slowlykillyourself慢性自杀11.useourintelligence用我们的智慧12.needabilityortraining需要能力或训练三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Wearesousedtothemthatweoftendonotevenrealizehowmanyweseeandhearinaday.我们对广告太习以为常了，甚至常常意识不到一天当中看到和听到多少广告。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。Thechildrenarehavingso_much_fun_thatIhatetocalltheminside.孩子们玩得那么高兴，我都不想叫他们进来了。2.Notalladsplaytricksonusthough.但并非所有的广告都跟我们玩花招。notall表示部分否定。Not_allpeoplearefriendly.并非所有的人都很友好。3.Whenitcomestoadvertisements,wemustalluseourintelligenceandnotbeaslavetothem！谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，不要做广告的奴隶！whenitcomesto...“提到/谈及……”，to为介词。Thereisnodoubtthattherearekindsofchoicesonthemarketwhen_it_comes_todietpills.毫无疑问，一提到减肥药，市面上就有各种各样的选择足以让你眼花缭乱。1．(教材P2)Anadvertisementuseswordsandpicturestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice,ortobelieveinanidea.广告使用文字和图片来说服人们购买某种产品或服务，或者是相信某种理念。persuadevt.说服，劝说；使相信，使信服persuadesb.todo/intodoingsth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.nottodo/outof(doing)sth.说服某人不要做某事persuadesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事①Ipersuadedhimofherhonesty.我说服他，让他相信她的诚实。②Theadvertisementpersuaded_her_into_believingthatthiskindofshampoocouldmakeherhairrecoveritsshine.那则广告使她相信这款洗发香波能使她的头发恢复光泽。③Ipersuadedhimout_oftakingoverthefactorythatwouldclosedown.我说服他不要接管那家面临倒闭的工厂。④Iwanttopersuadehimto_helpmewiththegreatworkIamdoing.我想说服他帮助我做我正在做的这项艰巨的工作。[名师点津]persuade强调说服，advise表示劝说的动作，不表示结果。如果表示“说而不服”或“劝而不服”，则不能直接用persuade，因为persuade表明已经说服，这时可用trytopersuadesb.todosth.或advisesb.todosth.2．(教材P2)Acommercialadvertisementisonewhichsomeonehaspaidfortoadvertiseaproductorservice.商业广告是一种某人为了推销某种产品或服务而花钱做的广告。advertisevi.&vt.做广告，宣传(1)advertiseforsb./sth.登广告征求某人/某物advertisein在……上登广告(2)advertisern.广告商；登广告者advertisementn.[C]广告[U]广告宣传putanadvertisementin/on在……上登广告①Weshouldadvertiseforsomeonetolookafterourchildren.我们应该登个广告聘人来照看我们的孩子。②Put_an_advertisementinthelocalpapertosellyourcar.在当地报纸上登一则广告来出售你的汽车。③Playersshouldbeallowedtoearnmoneyfromadvertising.应该允许运动员拍广告挣钱。3．(教材P2)PSAsareoftenrunforfree,andaremeanttoeducatepeopleabouthealth,safety,oranyotherproblemthataffectspublicwelfare.公益广告往往是免费投放的，旨在就健康、安全或其他影响公共福利的问题教育公众。bemeantto旨在，目的是meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meansb.todosth.打算让某人做某事bemeantfor专为……而打算(或设计)①Festivalsaremeanttocelebrateimportantmoments.节假日是用来庆祝重要时刻的日子。②Theprogrammeis_meant_to_educatepeopleabouttrafficsafety.这个节目旨在对人们进行交通安全的教育。③I'vebeenmeaningtophoneyouallweek.整整一星期以来我一直打算给你打电话。④Thisneworderwillmean_workingovertime.这个新订单意味着我们得加班加点。⑤Imeanyouto_spendthismoneyforyourdaughter.我是想让你用这笔钱为你女儿买些东西的。4．(教材P2)Thisstatementtriestofoolyouintoassumingthatthetoothpastecuresbadbreath,yetitdoesnotsaythat!这种表述会尽力去欺骗你相信这种牙膏能够治愈口臭，然而这则广告却没那样说！foolvt.欺骗；愚弄n．傻瓜(1)odoingsth.哄骗某人做某事foolsb.outofsth.哄骗某人某物(2)makeafoolofsb.愚弄/欺骗某人makeafoolofoneself使自己出丑/出洋相act/playthefool装疯卖傻，干蠢事①He'sfooledalotofpeopleintobelievinghe'sarichman.他欺骗许多人相信他是个富人。②Shefooledtheoldmanout_ofallhismoney.她诈骗了老人的全部钱财。③Can'tyouseeshe'smaking_a_fool_ofyou?难道你不明白她是在愚弄你吗？[辨析比较]fool,cheatfool“愚弄；欺骗”，指利用人缺乏常识或心理脆弱来欺骗人cheat“欺骗；作弊”，主要指在盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等选择上述单词填空④Thatshopkeepercheatedtheoldmanandfooledhimintobuyingfalseproducts.curevt.治愈；解决；纠正n．[C]药物，疗法；对策(1)cureapatient(adisease)治愈病人(疾病)curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病；纠正某人的不良习惯(2)acurefor...……的疗法；……的对策①Thismedicinewillcureyouofyourheadache.这种药可治好你的头痛。②Parentstrytocure_their_children_ofbadhabits.父母们想办法纠正自己孩子的坏习惯。③There'sstillnocure_forcancernow.现在还没有能治愈癌症的方法。[辨析比较]cure,treatcure“治愈”，强调结果，搭配为：curesb.ofsth.treat“治疗”，强调过程，搭配为：treatsb.forsth.选择上述单词填空④Billwastreatedforsunstrokeandthismedicinecuredhim.[名师点津]我们学过的类似于curesb.ofsth.的短语有：①warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事②informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事③remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事5．(教材P3)Thegroceryjusthopesthatwhenyoureadthead,youwillfeelpleasedwiththenicecomment,rememberthewords‘freshestfood’，andmakeamentalconnectionwiththefoodinthegrocery.这家食品杂货店只是希望当你读到这则广告时，你会很乐于看到其中的恭维，记住“最新鲜的食品”这几个词，在心理上将其与该店里的食品联系起来。pleasedadj.高兴，满意；乐于(做某事)bepleasedtodosth.乐于做某事bepleasedwith/at/about...对……满意bepleasedthat...很高兴/满意……①IwaspleasedwithmyperformanceonSaturday—everythingwentright.我对自己星期六的表现挺满意——一切顺利。②Wewereverypleasedto_hearthisencouragingnews.听到这个鼓舞人心的消息，我们非常高兴。③Wewere_pleased_thattheproblemshavebeensolved.我们很高兴这些问题已解决。commentn．[C，U]评论，评价vt.&vi.评论，议论(1)makeacomment/commentson/about...对……评论/评头论足nocomment无可奉告(2)commenton...对……评论/评头论足commentthat...评论……①Haveyougotanycomment(s)tomakeontherecentdevelopments?你对最近的事态发展有什么评论吗？②Theteacherrefusedtocomment_ontheexamresult.老师不肯评论考试成绩。③Researcherswhoreadthereportcommented_thatithadmanymistakes.读了这份报告的研究人员评论说里面错误百出。6．(教材P3)Wemustnotfallforthiskindoftrick!我们绝不能轻信这种小把戏而上当啊！trickn．[C]骗局；玩笑，恶作剧；戏法，把戏；诀窍vt.欺骗，欺诈写出下列句中trick的含义①Thenaughtyboylovesplayingtricksonothers.恶作剧②Hertearswerejustatricktocheatothers.骗局③Nobodyunderstoodhowhedidthecardtricks.戏法④Theytrickedhimintobuyingtheoldmachine.欺骗(1)playatrick/trickson/uponsb.欺骗某人；捉弄某人(2)o(doing)sth.诱使某人(做)某事tricksb.outofsth.骗走/诈骗某人某物⑤Herpartnertriedtotrickheroutofhershare.她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份。⑥Thekidsarealwaysplaying_tricks_on/upontheirteachers.孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。⑦Thereisnodoubtthatsomeadvertisementstrick_the_customers_into_buyingtheirproducts.毫无疑问，有些广告哄骗顾客去买它们的产品。7．(教材P3)PSAsaimtoteachusandhelpusleadbetterlives.公益广告旨在教育我们并帮助我们过上更好的生活。aimvt.&vi.以……为目标，瞄准n.[C]目标，目的；[U]瞄准形象记忆(1)aimat向……瞄准；旨在，针对aimatdoingsth.意欲、企图、力求做某事aimtodosth.打算做某事；计划做某事beaimedat(doing)sth.旨在(做)某事，打算(做)某事(2)takeaimat向……瞄准withoutaim漫无目的地withtheaimof以……为目标；意在……①She'saimingat(tryingtowin)ascholarship.她在争取获得奖学金。②Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimsto_teachhowtoreadfast.20个学生想上这个班，这个班的目标是教(学生)如何快速阅读。③Takecarefulaim_at_the_targetbeforefiring.开火之前仔细瞄准目标。④Wevisitschoolswith_the_aim_ofgettingyoungpeopleinterestedinthetheatre.我们访问学校，目的是使年轻人对戏剧感兴趣。8．(教材P3)Theseadsdealwithwidespreadsocialconcerns.这些广告所涉及的是一些普遍的社会问题。dealwith涉及，关于；处理，应付；与……打交道；和……做生意写出下列句中dealwith的含义①Someofthewordsandexpressionsdealwiththespecialareasoftheirwork.涉及②SomemeasureshavebeentakentodealwiththeproblemofrefugeesfromSyria.处理③Sheisusedtodealingwithallkindsofpeopleinherjob.与……打交道④Suchpeoplearedifficulttodealwith.应付⑤Mosttravelagentsdonotdealdirectlywiththesecompanies.和……做生意[辨析比较]dealwith,dowithdealwith该短语中的deal为不及物动词，加上介词with后才能接宾语，dealwith在疑问句中常与how连用dowith该短语中的do为及物动词，dowith在疑问句中常与what连用，表示“处理，处置；对待”选择上述短语填空⑥Canyoutellmehowtodeal_withsuchproblems?⑦Ifyoudon'tknowwhattodo_withit,IsuggestyouturntoMrLiforadvice.9．(教材P3)Alloftheseadsaremeanttobenefitthepublic,andyoucanoftenlearnalotbyfollowingtheadvicetheygive.所有这些广告都旨在使公众受益，遵循这些广告给出的建议，你往往可以学到很多东西。benefitvt.&vi.使受益；得益于n.益处；救济金；奖金(1)benefitby/from...得益于……(2)beofbenefitto对……有益forsb.'sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为了某人的利益；为帮助某人(3)beneficialadj.有益的；受益的bebeneficialto对……有益，对……有好处①IfeelthatIhavebenefitedgreatlyfromherwisdom.我觉得从她的睿智中我获益颇多。②Thisdictionarywillbe_of_great_benefittome.这部字典将对我有很大益处。③Theparkwasbuilttherefor_the_benefit_ofthepublic.那儿建造公园是为了公众的利益。④Inmyopinion,thisprojectisbeneficialtoeveryone.依我看，这项工程对每个人都有好处。10．(教材P3)Finally,Iwishtotellyouthis:thinkaboutwhyyoushoulddothethingstheadsuggests,orbuytheproductorservicetheadpromotes.最后，我想告诉大家：想想你为什么要做广告建议你做的事情，或者为什么要买广告推销的产品或服务。promotevt.推广，宣传；促销；促进，推动；晋升，提升写出下列句中promote的含义①Doyouhaveanyideashowtopromotethesalesofthisproduct？促销②Ourteacherhasbeenpromotedtoheadmaster.晋升，提升③Acleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybid(投标)fortheOlympics,whichinturnwillpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.促进④Thewriterwasintowntopromotehisnewbook.宣传，推广(1)be/getpromoted(to)被提升(为……)promotesb.from...to...把某人从……提升为……(2)promotionn.促进；晋升；促销promotern.策划者，推销者，支持者⑤Theorganizationworkstopromotethetradebetweennations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的贸易。⑥Becauseofhisgoodwork,Johnwas_promotedtoahigherposition.约翰因工作出色而被提拔到更高职位。⑦Her_promotion_toSalesManagertookeveryonebysurprise.她被提拔当销售经理让每个人都感到意外。11．(教材P5)BeforeIconsultedyou,Ihadnocomprehensionthatacompanymighttrytofoolpeopleintobuyingaproductorservice.在我请教你之前，我不理解为什么公司试图愚弄人们，让他们购买一种产品或服务。consultvt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅形象记忆consultsb.aboutsth.向某人咨询某事consultwithsb.aboutsth.与某人商量/磋商某事①Goandconsultyourteacherabouthowtodealwiththisproblem.去请教你的老师如何解答这道题。②We'llconsult_withrepresentativesofdifferentjobsaboutit.我们会和不同职业的代表商量。③Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you'dbetterconsult_your_doctoratonce.(2015·天津高考改编)你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。[名师点津]consult有“查阅”的意思，相当于referto，其宾语一般为词典、参考书、时刻表等。eq\a\vs4\al([词汇对点训])Ⅰ.单项填空1．Ifshedoesn'twanttogo,nothingyoucansaywill________her.A．persuade B．promiseC．invite D．support解析：选A句意：如果她不想去，你说什么都不会说服她的。persuade“说服”；promise“许诺，承诺”；invite“邀请”；support“支持，支撑，养家”。2．________intheexaminationsmeans________theteachersandyourselves.A．Cheating;tofool B．Fooling;cheatingC．Tocheat;tofool D．Cheating;fooling解析：选D在考试中作弊要用cheat;fool表示“愚弄”；meandoingsth.“意味着做某事”；meantodosth.“打算做某事”。由语境可知答案为D。3．Shewas________withhernewroom.A．pleased B．pleasantC．pleasing D．pleasure解析：选A句意：她对她的新房间颇为满意。pleased“满意的，高兴的”，常用来修饰人；B、C两项多用来修饰事物。bepleasedabout/with/at...“对……满意，对……高兴”。4．(2015·江苏高考)Someschoolswillhavetomake________inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.A．judgments B．adjustmentsC．comments D．achievements解析：选B句意：有些学校将不得不做出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。adjustment“调整”；judgment“判断”；comment“评论”；achievement“成就”。根据句意可知选B项。5．(2014·福建高考)—Couldyoutellmethe________ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectionsinthecookbook.A．feature B．planC．cost D．trick解析：选D句意：“你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗？”“哦，我只不过是按照烹饪书里的说明做的。”feature“特征”；plan“计划”；cost“费用”；trick“诀窍”。根据句意可知答案为D项。6．Thedoctor________me________myillnessatlast,andIwasverythankfultohim.A．recovered;of B．cured;ofC．treated;from D．dealt;with解析：选Brecover“恢复，重新找到”，多与介词from连用；cure“治疗，治愈”，强调结果，作动词时常与介词of连用；treat“治疗”，强调过程，多与for连用；deal“做生意，经营”，多与介词with连用，意为“处理，涉及”。由Iwasverythankfultohim可知，医生最后“治愈”(cure)了“我”的病。故选B。7．Ifyouwanttoknowwhetheryouarefittolearnhistoryandgeography,you'dbetter________yourheadteacher.A．trick B．consultC．admire D．terrify解析：选B句意：如果你想知道你是否适合学历史和地理，你最好咨询一下你的班主任。trick“捉弄，欺骗”；consult“咨询，请教”；admire“羡慕，敬佩”；terrify“使害怕”。8．(福建高考)Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals________allitscitizens.A．inchargeof B．forthepurposeofC．inhonorof D．forthebenefitof解析：选D句意：为了所有市民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医院的改革。forthebenefitof“为了……的利益”，符合句题。inchargeof“主管；负责；照料”；inhonorof“为了向……表示敬意”；forthepurposeof“为了；因……起见”。Ⅱ.选词填空beusedto，bemeantto，dealwith，aimto，playtrickson，fallfor，feelpleasedwith，o，beofbenefit，advertisefor1．Thetraditionalapproachtodealing_withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.2．Weaim_toincreasethisto$800bytheendofthecentury.3．Wedecidedtoadvertise_forthesecond­handcar.4．Theyalsothinkitcreatesgreatwealthandis_of_benefittosocietyprogress.5．Wewerehopingtokeepthepartyasecret—itwas_meant_tobeasurpriseforJane.6．Thewayhediditwasdifferentfromwhatwewere_used_to.7．Whatwouldmakeyoufeel_pleased_withyourself?8．Ifyoutellhimthatit'llmakehimearnalotofmoney,he'sboundtofall_fortheidea.9．Doyoulikebeing_played_tricks_oninpublic?10．Hefooledhislittlebrotherintolyingtohismother.1．Wearesousedtothemthatweoftendonotevenrealizehowmanyweseeandhearinaday.我们对广告太习以为常了，甚至常常都意识不到一天当中看到和听到多少广告。(1)句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。常用结构为：eq\x(\a\al(so＋adj./adv.＋that...,so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...,so＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋that...,so＋much/little少＋不可数名词＋that...))①Tomisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.汤姆是一位商人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间与朋友相处。②Hecaughtso_bad_a_cold_thathecougheddayandnight.他得了重感冒，所以日夜咳嗽。③Shehadsolittleeducationthatshecouldn'tfindajob.她接受的教育如此少，以至于找不到工作。(2)such...that...“如此……以至于……”，也可引导结果状语从句，常用结构为：eq\x(\a\al(such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that...,such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that...,such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...＝so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...))④Thisbookiswritteninsuch_easy_English_thatbeginnerscanunderstandit.这本书是用浅易英语写的，所以初学者可以读懂。⑤Heissuchanhonestboythatwealllikehim.＝Heisso_honest_a_boy_thatwealllikehim.这个孩子非常诚实，我们都喜欢他。[名师点津]“so/such＋修饰词”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。⑥Sofastdid_he_run_thatIcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.他跑得那么快以至于我赶不上他。⑦Solovelyisshethatwealllikeher.她那么可爱，我们都很喜欢她。2．Notalladsplaytricksonusthough.但并非所有的广告都跟我们玩花招。(1)英语中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位于这些词的前面还是后面都构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”。①NotallthepeopleinAmericalikebeer.并非所有的美国人都喜爱啤酒。②Moneyisnot_everything.金钱并非万能。③Allthatglittersisnotgold.发亮的东西并不一定都是金子。④Hedoes_not_alwaysplayvolleyball.他并不总是打排球。(2)英语中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用时构成全部否定。⑤Nooneknowsit.没有人知道这件事。⑥Nobodyagreeswithyou.没有人会同意你。⑦Neitheransweriscorrect.两种答案都不对。⑧None_ofthesethingsaremine.这些东西都不是我的。eq\a\vs4\al([句型对点训])完成句子1．这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。(全国卷Ⅱ改编)It'saneither­orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwe_can't_do_both.2．并不是所有的孩子都喜欢这部电影。Not_all_the_childrenlikethefilm.3．他的那么多朋友参加了他的婚礼以至于大厅里满是客人。So_manyofhisfriendsattendedhisweddingthatthehallwascrowdedwithguests.串点成篇微表达如今，无论我们走到哪里，都会看到广告(advertise­ment)。广告是一种推销(promote)产品或服务的好方法，尽管(evenif)它们并非都(notall...)完全跟我们讲真话。广告主要分为两类——公益广告和商业广告。公益广告旨在(bemeantto)让公众受益(benefit)，而商业广告的目的是(beaimedat)推销产品或服务。有些广告欺骗(playtrickson)我们，我们要小心以免上当受骗(fallfor)。Nowadays,_advertisements_can_be_seen_almost_wherever_we_go._Advertisements_are_a_good_way_to_promote_products_or_services,_even_if_not_all_of_them_tell_us_the_complete_truth._There_are_two_main_types_of_advertisements_—_public_service_advertisements_(PSAs)_and_commercial_advertisements._PSAs_are_meant_to_benefit_the_public_while_commercial_ads_are_aimed_at_promoting_products_or_services._Some_ads_play_tricks_on_us_and_we_must_be_careful_not_to_fall_for_them.一、打牢语言基础，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Doyouhaveanycomment(s)(评论)tomakeaboutthecauseofthefire?2．Theseareallpoliciestopromote(提高)economicgrowth.3．Thepalefacesuggeststhatyouhaveaseriousillness.However,don'tworry.Itcanbecured(治愈)．4．Iwanttoconsult(咨询)severalexperiencedexpertsbeforeImakethedecision.5．Underthelaw,everyoneisconsideredinnocent(清白的，无罪的)untilheorsheprovesguilty.6．Shetookalongslowbreath(呼吸)tocalmdown.7．Hesufferedfromvariousmental(心理的)healthproblems.8．Hedoesexcellentworkandobviouslyheisamanofveryhighintelligence(智力)．9．Thecompanyemploys20,000peoplenationwide(在全国范围内)．10．Ifyouwanttosellyourproduct,youmustadvertise(做广告)it.Ⅱ.单项填空1．Theteachertriedto________himtostopusingthemobilephoneonthecampus,buthewouldn'tlisten.A．hope B．adviseC．forbid D．persuade解析：选D句意：老师试图说服他在校园里停止使用手机，但他就是不听。hope“希望”；advise“建议”；forbid“禁止”；persuade“劝说”。由语境及题干中的关键信息buthewouldn'tlisten可知老师试图“说服”(persuade)他，但没有成功。故选D项。2．—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant________，butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A．tothank B．toC．/ D．thanking解析：选B由语境可知，此处指“我”本来打算向她道谢，但当“我”要离开时到处找不到她。此处为Imeanttothankher的省略。3．ItwasthesecondtimethistermthatTom________intheexam.Thismadetheteacherveryangry.A．cheated B．havecheatedC．hadcheated D．werecheated解析：选C句意：这是这个学期汤姆第二次考试作弊了，这让他的老师非常生气。该句中包含句式“Itwasthefirst/second...time＋that从句”，此时从句的时态要根据主句中be动词的形式来确定。当be动词为is时，从句时态为现在完成时；当be动词为was时，从句时态为过去完成时。故选C项。4．—Anathletecannot________playhisbestincompetitions.—Yes,itdependsuponhismentalandphysicalstate.A．ever B．sometimesC．always D．never解析：选C前句句意：在比赛中运动员不可能总是发挥最佳水平。always与否定词连用，表示部分否定。5．TheinvestigationshowedGeorgewas________，sohewassetfreeatonce.A．guilty B．criminalC．innocent D．faulty解析：选C句意：调查表明，乔治是无罪的，所以他被立刻释放了。由“hewassetfree”可知，他是“无罪的”(innocent)。guilty“有罪的”；criminal“犯罪的”；faulty“有错误的”。6．When________comestoaninterview,wegetmanythingsinmind,suchasbeingontimeandgivingproperanswers.A．that B．thisC．it D．one解析：选C句意：当谈到面试的时候，我们会想到很多，例如要准时和给出恰当的答案。whenitcomesto...“当谈到……的时候”，为固定句型。7．Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget________，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.A．promote B．promotedC．promoting D．topromote解析：选B句意：亨利在等待获得升职机会的同时，在尽力做好自己的本职工作。promote和逻辑主语Henry是逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词，故选B。8．Theministersaid,“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties,butwe'llnever________withcriminals.”A．negotiate B．quarrelC．argue D．consult解析：选A句意：这位部长说：“我们准备与任何合法的政党进行讨论，但我们永远不会与罪犯谈判。”与前面的readyfordiscussions呼应，这里用negotiate表示“协商，谈判”。9．Don'tworry.Theproblemwillbe________atthemeetingtomorrow.A．dealtwith B．turnedupC．usedup D．setup解析：选A句意：不要担心，这个问题将会在明天的会议上解决。A项“处理；解决”；B项“出现，露面”；C项“用完，耗尽”；D项“建立”。根据句意，应选A项。10．—Wouldyouliketogotothepartytonight?—I'dliketo,butImustgoovermylessons,________tomorrow'sexam?A．aimingtopass B．meaningpassingC．applyingtopass D．pointingatpassing解析：选A句意：“你想参加今晚的聚会吗？”“我想去，但是我要复习功课，力争通过明天的考试。”aimtodosth.“力争做某事”；meandoingsth.“意味着做某事”；applytodosth.“申请做某事”；pointat“指着”。故选A项。二、勤练语篇阅读，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空At29,teacherJenniferLoebsacktravelledtoAfricahopingtoimprovethelivesofUgandansandinsteadfoundnewappreciationforherowngoodlifeinCanada.“WhenI__1__back,IthoughtmaybeIneedtofindoutthevalueofme，”saidLoebsack,aGrade6teacheratKingEdwardPublicSchool.She__2__tookpartintheJaneGoodallCollegeofCanada'steachertrainingworkshopsinUgandawhereprimaryschoolteachersare__3__toincludeenvironmentaleducationintotheircurriculum__4__lessonplans,gamesandactivities.The__5__waslaunchedin2008andnewteachersmustraise$2,500eachbeforestartingthethree­weektask.Loebsacksaidshe__6__withfiveCanadians.SheandherfriendTaylorhadbeen__7__asummeradventure,butonewithapurpose.“I'vealwayshadthetravelbug，”saidLoebsack,whocompletedherteacherstraininginAustraliaanddidteaching__8__inChina.Thatoverseasexperiencemadeher__9__formore.ItwasTaylorwhocameupontheonlineapplicationinFebruary.__10__，theywereacceptedandhadtostruggletoraisethe__11__beforeleaving.OnJuly1the__12__landedinEntebbe,Uganda.Theythenstartedoutto__13__theirownworkshopswith28Ugandanprimaryteacherswhotravelledfromaroundthecountry,all__14__forbythecollege.Inacountrywhereteachersreceivelittleprofessionaldevelopment,suchanopportunitywas__15__andtherewastheexpectationthattheteacherswouldreturntotheirhomeschoolsandpasson__Asshewasequippedwithabasic__17__，Loebsackadmittedthey“tookwhattheywantedustoteachandmadeitourown”andalongtheway__18__therewereplentyofsimpletechniquesthatcouldmakea__19__difference.AsfortheUgandanteachers,shebelievestheCanadiansmadeadifference.“Ithinktheyleft__20__.Theyleftwithbigsmiles，”saidLoebsack.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了加拿大29岁的女教师Loebsack随几个加拿大人到非洲旅行，见证了她与同伴们对改善乌干达的教育和人们的生活状况所做的贡献。1．A.returned B．cameC．walked D．turned解析：选B表达“回来”可用comeback或者return。若选A，文中back则多余，故选B。2．A.recently B．nearlyC．usually D．briefly解析：选A根据上下文意思来看，Loebsack最近参加了教师培训。3．A.learned B．formedC．exercised D．trained解析：选D指那里的老师接受训练，表示被动，trained符合语境。4．A.across B．overC．under D．through解析：选Dthrough表示“通过(某种手段)”，在这里指“通过课程计划”，其他选项意思不符。5．A.campaign B．educationC．program D．adventure解析：选Ccampaign“运动”；education“教育”；program“计划，项目”；adventure“冒险”。分析上下文可知选C。6．A.explored B．travelledC．experimented D．climbed解析：选B根据上下文多次提到“旅游”，可知这里选travelled与上下文语境和语意吻合。7．A.seeking B．selectingC．surfing D．solving解析：选A动词seek意为“寻求，寻找”，这里是过去完成进行时态。8．A.tips B．technologyC．practice D．theory解析：选CLoebsack在中国有过教学实践，所以选C。9．A.angry B．curiousC．anxious D．hungry解析：选D在海外的经历使得Loebsack渴望得到更多(经验或实践)。10．A.Terribly B．LuckilyC．Sadly D．Slightly解析：选B根据后面的“...theywereaccepted...”可知她们被接收了，所以是很幸运的。11．A.cash B．ideaC．price D．forecast解析：选Acash意为“现金；钱”，这里是指“筹集资金”。12．A.group B．clubC．class D．pair解析：选A根据前文她说的fiveCanadians可得知，他们是组成一个小组去的，故选group。13．A.guide B．drawC．lead D．point解析：选Clead意为“带领”，这里指他们开始着手对当地初级教师的培训工作。14．A.spent B．costC．calculated D．paid解析：选D这个培训班的所有成员都是由大学付费的，故选paid。15．A.large B．rareC．few D．round解析：选B当地的教师很少有专业的发展，所以这样的机会是非常稀少的，选用形容词rare。16．A.which B．thatC．what D．whether解析：选CLoebsack他们希望这些接受培训的老师最终回到他们原来的学校，传递他们所学到的东西。作宾语，故用what。17．A.homework B．exerciseC．topic D．curriculum解析：选D根据上下文可知，此处表示“课程，学科”，故用curriculum。18．A.discovered B．watchedC．founded D．invented解析：选A根据空格后“许多简单技术的作用很大”是一个现象，可推知选用动词“发现”较为恰当。19．A.little B．bigC．light D．heavy解析：选B词组makeabigdifference意为“产生很大的不同；作用很大，意义重大”。20．A.devoted B．frightenedC．amazed D．inspired解析：选D根据句中的bigsmiles可推测他们受到了鼓舞，故选D。Ⅱ.阅读理解Wanttoimproveyourwritingskills?NewWritingSouthisdirectingtheway!•TownerWriterSquad(班组)forkidsaged13－17LedbycomedyandTVwriter,MarianKilpatrick,TownerWriterSquadwillmeetonceamonthatthecontemporaryartmuseumfor11months,starting12October,2017.TheFREEsquadsessionswillincludeintroductionstoawiderangeofwritingstyles,frompoetrytoplaywritingandlyrics(抒情诗)toflashfiction,tosupportthedevelopmentofyoungwriters.Application&SelectionIfyouwouldliketoapplytobepartoftheTownerWriterSquad,pleasesendasamplepieceofyourwriting(about500words),respondingtothetitle“LUNCH”，withyourname,age,addressande­mailaddresstodebo@­.Onceallapplicationsarein,y