2019年英语新必修五讲义Unit5SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现]HEROICTEENAGERRECEIVESAWARDSeventeen­year­oldteenager,JohnJanson,washonoured①attheLifesaverAwardslastnightinRivertownforgivinglifesavingfirstaidonhisneighbourafterashockingknifeattack.Johnwaspresentedwith②hisawardataceremony③whichrecognizedthebravery④oftenpeoplewhohadsavedthelifeofanother.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming⑤.Whenheandhisfatherrushedoutside,amanranfromthescene⑥.TheydiscoveredthatAnneSlade,motherofthree,hadbeenstabbed⑦repeatedlywithaknife.Shewaslyinginherfrontgardenbleedingveryheavily⑧.Herhandshadalmostbeencutoff⑨.ItwasJohn'squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSlade'slife⑩.Heimmediatelyaskedanumberof⑪nearbypeopleforbandages,butwhennobodycouldputtheirhandson⑫any,hisfathergotsometeatowelsandtapefromtheirhouse.Johnusedthesetotreat⑬themostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade'shands.Heslowedthebleedingbyapplying⑭pressure⑮tothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulance⑯arrived.,①behonoured感到荣幸；受到嘉奖②bepresentedwith被授予③ceremony['serImənI]n．典礼；仪式；礼节④bravery['breIvərI]n．勇敢；勇气⑤bedoing...when...为重要句式，意为“正在做……，突然……”。⑥scenen.[C]现场⑦stab[stæb]vt.&vi.(stabbed,stabbed)刺；戳；刺伤⑧现在分词短语bleedingveryheavily作伴随状语。⑨cutoff切断；中断；隔断⑩Itwas...life.为强调句，结构为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”，此处强调了主语John'squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaid。⑪anumberof若干；许多⑫putone'shandson找到⑬treat[triːt]vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待⑭apply[ə'plaI]vt.运用，构成短语applysth.tosth.“把某物应用于某事”。⑮pressure['preʃə]n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)⑯ambulance['æmbjʊləns]n．救护车英雄青年获奖记[第1～4段译文]17岁青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上受到嘉奖，因为在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，他为他的邻居实施了紧急抢救。在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。(那天)约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。当他和父亲冲出去时，看见一个男人从现场逃跑了。他们发现三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被连捅了数刀。斯莱德女士躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。正是约翰敏捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。“I'mproudofwhatIdidbutIwasjustdoingwhatI'dbeentaught，”Johnsaid.JohnhadtakenpartintheYoungLifesaverScheme⑰athishighschool.WhencongratulatingJohn⑱，MrAlanSoutherton,DirectoroftheYoungLifesaverSchemesaid，“Thereisnodoubtthat⑲John'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschool⑳savedMsSlade'slife.Itshowsthataknowledgeofeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))firstaidcanmakearealdifferenceeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).”Beforereceivingtheirawardslastnight,Johnandthenineothereq\o(○,\s\up1(23))LifeSaversattendedaspecialreceptionyesterdayhostedbythePrimeMinistereq\o(○,\s\up1(24)).⑰scheme[skiːm]n．方案；计划⑱WhencongratulatingJohn为省略hewas的时间状语从句。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词时，可把从句的主语和be动词一并省略。⑲Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……⑳helearnedatschool是定语从句，修饰thefirstaidskills。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))aknowledgeof知道；了解；有……方面的知识eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))makeadifference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))nineother另外/其他9位eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))过去分词短语hosted...Minister作后置定语，修饰reception。[第5～7段译文]约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，但我只做了以前别人教会我做的事。”约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。”约翰和其他九位救生员昨晚在领奖前还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。Step1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．What'sthemainideaofthetext?John_Janson_received_award_because_he_saved_his_neighbour's_life.2．WhydidJohnJansonreceivetheaward?Because_he_carried_out_lifesaving_first_aid_on_a_neighbour_after_a_shocking_knife_attack.Step2Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Lookattheconstructionofthearticle.Whattypeofwritingcanitbe?A．Anovel.B．Aresearchpaper.C．Astudent'scomposition.D．Anewspaperreport.2．WhathappenedtoAnneSlade?A．Herhandswerealmostcutoff.B．Shefellillinbed.C．Shefellfromupstairsandwasseriouslyhurt.D．Shewashitbyacaratthestreetcorner.3．WhatfirstaiddidJohnperformonAnneSlade?A．Hetiedsomebandagesoverherhandstostopthebleeding.B．HeusedsometeatowelsandtapetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade'shands.C．Hetookhertohospitalatonce.D．Hecarriedhertoherbed.答案：1～3DAB一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.throatn．咽喉；喉咙2.ceremonyn.典礼；仪式；礼节3.ambulancen.救护车4.schemen.方案；计划Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.tightadj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightlyadv.紧地；牢牢地2.firmadj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmlyadv.坚固地；稳定地3.braveryn．勇敢；勇气→braveadj.勇敢的4.treatvt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待→treatmentn．对待；治疗5.applyvt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicationn．申请→applicantn．申请人6.pressuren．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→pressv．挤；压1.throatn．咽喉；喉咙[词块]asorethroat咽喉痛2.ceremonyn．典礼；仪式；礼节[词块]①awelcomingceremony欢迎仪式②anopeningceremony开幕式③aclosingceremony闭幕式3.tight(adj.)＋­ly→tightly(adv.)[联想]常见的以­ly结尾的副词①quick→quickly②especial→especially③careful→carefully④excited→excitedly⑤polite→politely⑥recent→recently⑦loud→loudly⑧clear→clearly4.treatvt.&vi.治疗[词块]treatsb.headache治疗某人的头痛[联想]curesb.ofheadache治愈了某人的头痛5.applyvi.申请[词块]applytothecompanyfortheposition向公司申请这个职位二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.prevent_..._from_...阻止……2．a_number_of若干；许多3．put_one's_hands_on找到4．make_a_difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用5．be_on_fire着火6．be_presented_with被授予……7．be_proud_of为……感到骄傲8．get_involved_in卷入；介入1.ashockingknifeattack骇人听闻的持刀袭击案2．savethelifeofanother抢救他人生命3．runfromthescene从现场逃跑4．bleedveryheavily流血不止5．applypressuretothewounds按住伤口6．takepartin参加7．aknowledgeof懂得……知识8．attendaspecialreception出席一场特殊的招待会三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。bedoing...when...意为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于andthen/andatthattime，连接两个并列分句。ThismorningIwas_walking_on_the_street_whenIsawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled.今天早晨我正在大街上走，突然我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。2.ItwasJohn'squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSlade'slife.正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。强调句式“itis/was...that...”。It_waswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.正是拥有真诚和信任我们才创造了和谐的气氛。3.ThereisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。There_is_no_doubt_thatthevideowemadeisverysuccessful.(2017·北京高考书面表达)毫无疑问，我们制作的视频是非常成功的。1．(教材P38)Heimmediatelyaskedanumberofnearbypeopleforbandages,butwhennobodycouldputtheirhandsonany,hisfathergotsometeatowelsandtapefromtheirhouse.他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。anumberof若干；许多anumberof相当于many，后面跟可数名词的复数形式。在number之前可用great,large,small,good等修饰。该短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。①Theincreaseinthebox­officeincomecanbeattributedtoanumberoffactors.(2017·江苏高考)票房收入的增长可能有很多因素构成。②It'sreportedthatanumberofnewhousesare_being_built(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.据报道，目前在灾区正在建造大量的新房。[辨析比较]anumberof,thenumberofanumberof修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“许多；大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式thenumberof修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式③Nowanumberofcollegegraduatesare(be)seekingtogetahigh­paidjob.Butthenumberofpostsavailableforthemis(be)oftennotenough.如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。2．(教材P38)JohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade'shands.约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。treatvt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待n．款待；招待(1)treat...with...以……态度对待……treatsb.for...为某人治疗……treat...as...把……当作；像……一样对待/处理/看待treatsb./oneselftosth.请客；款待；招待自己/某人(2)beone'streat由某人请客Mytreat./It'smytreat.我请客。①Youngpeopleshouldalwaystreattheelderswithrespect.年轻人应该尊敬老年人。②Shewishestobetreatedasnothingmorethanacommongirl.她希望被当作一个普通的女孩子来对待。③WearetreatingMomtodinnerforherbirthday.因为妈妈过生日，我们打算请她吃晚餐。3．(教材P38)Heslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。applyvt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效写出下列句中apply的含义①Iwanttoapplyforthejob.申请②Theresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.应用；运用③Applythepainttothepreparedwoodandallowittodry.涂；敷(1)apply...to...把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上applyoneselfto致力于；集中精力于applyto...适应……apply(to...)for...(向……)申请……(2)applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请；申请书；适用④Ifyouapplyyourself(you)tothejobinhand,you'llsoonfinishit.如果你尽全力做你手头的工作，你将会很快把它做完。⑤SheappliedtotheinternationalschoolforajobasanEnglishteacher.她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。4．(教材P38)Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。makeadifference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用①Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible.Ihopemybehaviorwillmakeadifference.无论何时我都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。makesome/nodifference(to...)(对……)有/没作用或影响tellthedifference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)②Whatyouhavesaidwillmake_no_difference_tothenaughtyboy.你所说的不会对这个淘气的男孩起什么作用的。③Beforebirth,babiescantell_the_differencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.(2017·江苏高考)出生前，婴儿们能够区分响声和嗓音。1．Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。本句使用了bedoing...when...句式。此句式的意思为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于andthen/andatthattime，连接两个并列分句。①Iwasplayingcomputergameslastnightwhenelectricitywascutoff.昨晚我正在玩电脑游戏，突然停电了。beabouttodo...when...即将做……这时(突然)……haddone...when...刚刚做完……这时(突然)……②Lilywasabouttostudywhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。③Hehad_gone(go)tobedwhenthetelephonerang.他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。2．ThereisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。①Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate'sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。②There_is_no_doubt_thattheInternetmakescommunicationeasierandhelpsuskeepupwiththelatestinformation.毫无疑问，因特网使交流更简单了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。(2)doubt用作动词时，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。③Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillbeelectedpresident.他是否能当选总统还有些疑问。④Ineverdoubtthatspecialclassescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.我从未怀疑过，特殊班级能够帮助这些有天赋的学生提前毕业，更早地在生活中找到他们的位置。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Agreatnumberoffinepoemswere_written(write)bysomefamouspoets.2．Menandwomenmustbe_treated(treat)equallyineducationandemployment.3．Mary'swordsmakenodifferencetohim,forheisquitestubborn.4．Theyhad_covered(cover)threemileswhentheyrealizedtheyhadlefttheirIDsathome.5．Overtheyears,hehasappliedhimselftoimproving(improve)thelivingconditionsofthemigrantworkers.6．There'ssomedoubtwhetherthemeetingwillbeheldasplanned.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(apply...to，makeadifference，thereisnodoubtthat，treat...as，anumberof，when)1．Inthepasttenyearsa_number_ofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingbutruins.2．Iamnowinmytwenties,butmyparentsstilltreatmeasachild.3．Youcanalsomake_a_differenceifyouhaveastrongwillandnevergiveup.4．Wewerediscussingtheproblemwhentherewasapowerfailure.5．Heisthetopplayerintheworld,sothere_is_no_doubt_thathewillwinthematch.6．Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocaseshouldtheorybeseparatedfrompractice.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Treat(对待)theearthseriously,foritisnotgiventoyoubyyourparentsbutlenttoyoubyyourchildren.2．Heapplied(申请)tobesenttothenorthwestofChina.3．Hechangedhismindunderthepressure(压力)fromothers.4．Thejudgepraisedthefirefightersfortheirbravery(勇敢)．5．Withsixofusinthecar,itwasatight(紧的)squeeze.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Meanwhile,thenumberofpeople,whohaveaccesstotheirowncars,has_increased_sharply_in_recent_years.同时，近年来，拥有私家车的人数在快速增长。2．Iam_writing_to_apply_for_the_positionasastudentvolunteer.我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。3．Onlyifweknowwhatwedoinourdailylifeandlivealow­carbonlifecan_we_make_a_difference.只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么，过一种低碳生活，我们才能起作用。4．Allvisitorstothisvillageare_treated_withkindness.所有到这个村庄的游客都受到友善地对待。5．LastMonday,Iwas_walking_in_the_street_whenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。6．Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,there_is_no_doubt_thatwecanmasterEnglish.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能掌握英语。[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.补全句子1．Teachersgivetheirlessonswith_the_aid_ofcomputers.老师在电脑的协助下授课。2．Thefamousactorfell_illbecauseofthatlongjourney.那位著名的演员由于那次漫长的旅行生病了。3．Whatyoujustsaiddid_an_injury_to_your_mother.你刚才说的话伤害了你的母亲。4．Thelibraryprovidesusstudentswitha_wide_variety_of_books.图书馆为我们学生提供各种各样的书籍。5．TomostChinesechildren,adictionarymeansanotherreferencebookto_squeeze_intoanalreadyheavyschoolbag.对于大多数中国孩子来说，一本字典意味着另一本参考书挤进本已沉重的书包。6．In_the_first_place,_hehasenoughmoneytobuyhissonabighouse.首先，他有足够的钱给他儿子买一所大房子。7．Interestisas_vital_tolearningastheabilitytounderstand,evenmoreso.对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。8．Thecrowdpoured_out_oftheconcerthall.人群从音乐大厅涌出来。9．That's_whereIwaswhentheaccidenthappened.那就是事故发生时我所在的地方。10．As_they_expected,_everythinghasgoneverywell.正如他们所期望的，一切进展得很顺利。Ⅱ.写出下列句中可以省略的部分1．Youhavesolvedtheproblem.Canyoutellmehowyousolvedtheproblem？you_solved_the_problem2．—Ihaven'ttoldhimthenews.—Oh,yououghttohavetoldhimthenews.have后的told_him_the_news3．Tomisateacher,andhisbrotherisadoctor.第二个is4．Workhardwhenyouareyoung,oryou'llregret.you_are5．Ifitispossible,I'llarrivethereontime.it_is6．Helookedaroundasifhewasinsearchofsomething.he_was7．ThegirlwhotheteacherspoketoisLiuYing.who8．Pleasetellmethewayinwhichyoudidthejob.in_which二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解MeetLiamMills,thefirstaidspecialistwhoprovideslife­savingsupportatfestivalsandevents,andhe'sjust16yearsold.Abityoungtobeafirstaider,aren'tyou?Youmightthinkthat,butinfactI'vebeendoingthisforalmostayearnow.Ialreadyhaveahugeamountofvaluableexperience.WhydidyoujointheBritishRedCross?I'vealwaysbeeninterestedinfirstaid,sowhenIsawsomeRedCrossvolunteersatalocaleventIwentoverforaquicktalk.Afterhearingwhattheyhadtosay,Ijumped_atthechanceofjoining.What'sthebigattraction?Assoonasyou'vetreatedaninjuredman,youwillneverlookback.I'vetreatedmanytypesofinjurynow,fromcutfingerstoevenheartdiseasecases.It'sendlesslychallengingandinteresting.Whathaveyoulearned?I'mnowaskilledvolunteer,whichmeansIhaveadditionalqualifications(资历)ontopofmystandardfirstaidcertificate(证书).Forexample,I'mqualifiedtouseEntonox(laughinggas)forpainmanagement.FirstaidwiththeRedCrossisawholelotmorethanjustcleaninganddressingwounds.Anystandoutmemories?Once,mycolleagueandIattendedacall.Asweapproachedthescene,allIcouldseewassomeonelyingperfectlystillonthefloor.Whenyourealisethatsomeoneishelplessandcompletelydependingonyoutodotherightthing,youfeelthissuddenrushofresponsibility.Butfortunately,ourtrainingmeanswehavetheconfidenceandknowledgetodealwithsuchsituations.Bestthingaboutbeinganeventfirstaider?Yougettohelppeople,whilealsoenjoyingthechanceofgoingtolotsofgreatevents.Itreallyisawin­winsituation.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一则访谈。文章是对急救小专家LiamMills的采访。)1．WelearnfromthetextthatLiamMills________.A．isafirstaidtrainerB．worksinalocalhospitalC．isthebestfirstaiderintheRedCrossD．helpssavelivesatfestivalsandevents解析：选D细节理解题。由第一段中的“LiamMvideslife­savingsupportatfestivalsandevents”可知，LiamMills在节日和活动时提供救生支援。2．Theunderlinedphrase“jumpedat”canbereplacedby“________”．A．missed B．waitedforC．took D．turneddown解析：选C词义猜测题。由画线处上文中的问题“WhydidyoujointheBritishRedCross？”可知，LiamMills抓住机会加入了英国红十字会，由此推断，jumpedatthechance意为“抓住机会”。3．WhatdoesLiamMillsthinkoffirstaid?A．Boring. B．Dangerous.C．Easy. D．Attractive.解析：选D推理判断