管理信息系统题目带答案

..专业资料专业资料.专业资料ManagementInformationSystemReviewSummaryCONTENTSTOC\o"1-4"\h\z\u\hPART1:Organizations,Management,andtheNetworkedEnterprise vi\hI.InformationSystemsinGlobalBusinessToday vi\h1.Howareinformationsystemstransformingbusinessandwhatistheirrelationshiptoglobalization? \h2.Whyareinformationsystemssoessentialforrunningandmanagingabusinesstoday? vi\h3.Whatexactlyisaninformationsystem?Howdoesitwork?Whatareitsmanagement,organization,andtechnologycomponents? vii\h4.Whatarecomplementaryassets?Whyarecomplementaryassetsessentialforensuringthatinformationsystemsprovidegenuinevalueforanorganization? vii\h5.Whatacademicdisciplinesareusedtostudyinformationsystems?Howdoeseachcontributetoanunderstandingofinformationsystems?Whatisasociotechnicalsystemsperspective? viii\hII.GlobalE-businessandCollaboration viii\h1.Whatarebusinessprocesses?Howaretheyrelatedtoinformationsystems? viii\h2.Howdosystemsservethedifferentmanagementgroupsinabusiness? viii\h3.Howdosystemsthatlinktheenterpriseimproveorganizationalperformance? ix\h4.Whyaresystemsforcollaborationandteamworksoimportantandwhattechnologiesdotheyuse?ix \h5.Whatistheroleoftheinformationsystemsfunctioninabusiness? x\hIII.InformationSystems,Organizations,andStrategy x\h1.Whichfeaturesoforganizationsdomanagersneedtoknowabouttobuildanduseinformationsystemssuccessfully?Whatistheimpactofinformationsystemsonorganizations? x\h2.HowdoesPorter’scompetitiveforcesmodelhelpcompaniesdevelopcompetitivestrategiesusinginformationsystems? xi\h3.Howdothevaluechainandvaluewebmodelshelpbusinessesidentifyopportunitiesforstrategicinformationsystemapplications? xi\h4.Howdoinformationsystemshelpbusinessesusesynergies,corecompetencies,andnetwork-basedstrategiestoachievecompetitiveadvantage? xi\h5.Whatarethechallengesposedbystrategicinformationsystemsandhowshouldtheybeaddressed? xii\hIV.EthicalandSocialIssuesinInformationSystems xii\h1.Whatethical,social,andpoliticalissuesareraisedbyinformationsystems? xii\h2.Whatspecificprinciplesforconductcanbeusedtoguideethicaldecisions? xii\h3.WhydocontemporaryinformationsystemstechnologyandtheInternetposechallengestotheprotectionofindividualprivacyandintellectualproperty? xiii\h4.Howhaveinformationsystemsaffectedeverydaylife? xiii\hPART2:InformationTechnologyInfrastructure xiii\hV.ITInfrastructureandEmergingTechnologies xiii\h1.WhatisITinfrastructureandwhatareitscomponents? xiii\h2.WhatarethestagesandtechnologydriversofITinfrastructureevolution? xiv\h3.Whatarethecurrenttrendsincomputerhardwareplatforms? xiv\h4.Whatarethecurrenttrendsinsoftwareplatforms? xv\h5.WhatarethechallengesofmanagingITinfrastructureandmanagementsolutions? xv\hVI.FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:DatabasesandInformationManagement xvi\h1.Whataretheproblemsofmanagingdataresourcesinatraditionalfileenvironmentandhowarexvitheysolvedbyadatabasemanagementsystem? xvi\h2.WhatarethemajorcapabilitiesofDBMSandwhyisarelationalDBMSsopowerful? xvi\h3.Whataresomeimportantdatabasedesignprinciples? xvii\h4.Whataretheprincipaltoolsandtechnologiesforaccessinginformationfromdatabasesto xvii\himprovebusinessperformanceanddecisionmaking? xvii\h5.Whyareinformationpolicy,dataadministration,anddataqualityassuranceessentialformanagingthefirm’sdataresources? xviii\hVII.Telecommunications,theInternet,andWirelessTechnology xviii\h1.Whataretheprincipalcomponentsoftelecommunicationsnetworksandkeynetworkingtechnologies? xviii\h2.Whatarethemaintelecommunicationstransmissionmediaandtypesofnetworks? xix\h3.HowdotheInternetandInternettechnologywork,andhowdotheysupportcommunication xix\hande-business? xix\h4.Whataretheprincipaltechnologiesandstandardsforwirelessnetworking,communication, xx\handInternetaccess? xx\h5.Whyareradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)andwirelesssensornetworksvaluableforbusiness?xx \hVIII.SecuringInformationSystems xxi\h1.Whyareinformationsystemsvulnerabletodestruction,error,andabuse? xxi\h2.Whatisthebusinessvalueofsecurityandcontrol? xxi\h3.Whatarethecomponentsofanorganizationalframeworkforsecurityandcontrol? xxi\h4.Whatarethemostimportanttoolsandtechnologiesforsafeguardinginformationresources? xxii\hPART3:KeySystemApplicationsfortheDigitalAge xxii\hIX.AchievingOperationalExcellenceandCustomerIntimacy:EnterpriseApplications xxii\h1.Howdoenterprisesystemshelpbusinessesachieveoperationalexcellence? xxii\h2.Howdosupplychainmanagementsystemscoordinateplanning,production,andlogisticswithsuppliers? xxiii\h3.Howdocustomerrelationshipmanagementsystemshelpfirmsachievecustomerintimacy? xxiii\h4.Whatarethechallengesposedbyenterpriseapplications? xxiii\h5.Howareenterpriseapplicationsusedinplatformsfornewcross-functionalservices? xxiv\hX.E-commerce:DigitalMarkets,DigitalGoods xxiv\h1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofe-commerce,digitalmarkets,anddigitalgoods? xxiv\h2.Whataretheprincipale-commercebusinessandrevenuemodels? xxv\h3.Howhase-commercetransformedmarketing? xxv\h4.Howhase-commerceaffectedbusiness-to-businesstransactions? xxv\h5.Whatistheroleofm-commerceinbusiness,andwhatarethemostimportantm-commerceapplications? xxv\h6.Whatissuesmustbeaddressedwhenbuildingane-commerceWebsite? xxv\hXI.ManagingKnowledge xxvi\h1.Whatistheroleofknowledgemanagementandknowledgemanagementprogramsinbusiness?xxvi \h2.Whattypesofsystemsareusedforenterprise-wideknowledgemanagementandhowdotheyprovidevalueforbusinesses? xxvi\h3.Whatarethemajortypesofknowledgeworksystemsandhowdotheyprovidevalueforfirms? \h4.Whatarethebusinessbenefitsofusingintelligenttechniquesforknowledgemanagement? xxvii\hXII.EnhancingDecisionMaking xxviii\h1.Whatarethedifferenttypesofdecisionsandhowdoesthedecision-makingprocesswork? xxviii\h2.Howdoinformationsystemssupporttheactivitiesofmanagersandmanagementdecisionmaking? xxviii\h3.Howdobusinessintelligenceandbusinessanalyticssupportdecisionmaking? xxix\h4.Howdodifferentdecision-makingconstituenciesinanorganizationusebusinessintelligence?xxix \h5.Whatistheroleofinformationsystemsinhelpingpeopleworkinginagroupmakedecisionsmoreefficiently? xxx\hPART4:BuildingandManagingSystems xxx\hXIII.BuildingInformationSystems xxx\h1.Howdoesbuildingnewsystemsproduceorganizationalchange? xxx\h2.Whatarethecoreactivitiesinthesystemsdevelopmentprocess? xxx\h3.Whataretheprincipalmethodologiesformodelinganddesigningsystems? xxxi\h4.Whatarethealternativemethodsforbuildinginformationsystems? xxxi\h5.Whatarenewapproachesforsystembuildinginthedigitalfirmera? xxxii\hXIV.ManagingProjects xxxiii\h1.Whataretheobjectivesofprojectmanagementandwhyisitsoessentialindevelopinginformation xxxiii\hsystems? xxxiii\h2.Whatmethodscanbeusedforselectingandevaluatinginformationsystemsprojectsandaligningthemwiththefirm’sbusinessgoals? xxxiii\h3.Howcanfirmsassessthebusinessvalueofinformationsystemsprojects? xxxiii\h4.Whataretheprincipalriskfactorsininformationsystemsprojects? xxxiv\h5.Whatstrategiesareusefulformanagingprojectriskandsystemimplementation? xxxiv\hXV.ManagingGlobalSystems xxxiv\h1.Whatmajorfactorsaredrivingtheinternationalizationofbusiness? xxxiv\h2.Whatarethealternativestrategiesfordevelopingglobalbusinesses? xxxiv\h3.Howcaninformationsystemssupportdifferentglobalbusinessstrategies? xxxv\h4.Whatarethechallengesposedbyglobalinformationsystemsandmanagementsolutionsforthesechallenges? xxxv\h5.Whataretheissuesandtechnicalalternativestobeconsideredwhendevelopinginternationalinformationsystems? xxxvvixxviPART1:Organizations,Management,andtheNetworkedEnterpriseI.InformationSystemsinGlobalBusinessToday1.Howareinformationsystemstransformingbusinessandwhatistheirrelationshiptoglobalization?E-mail,onlineconferencing,andcellphoneshavebecomeessentialtoolsforconductingbusiness.Informationsystemsarethefoundationoffast-pacedsupplychains.TheInternetallowsmanybusinessestobuy,sell,advertise,andsolicitcustomerfeedbackonline.Organizationsaretryingtobecomemorecompetitiveandefficientbydigitallyenablingtheircorebusinessprocessesandevolvingintodigitalfirms.TheInternethasstimulatedglobalizationbydramaticallyreducingthecostsofproducing,buying,andsellinggoodsonaglobalscale.Newinformationsystemtrendsincludetheemergingmobiledigitalplatform,onlinesoftwareasaservice,andcloudcomputing.2.Whyareinformationsystemssoessentialforrunningandmanagingabusinesstoday?Informationsystemsareafoundationforconductingbusinesstoday.Inmanyindustries,survivalandtheabilitytoachievestrategicbusinessgoalsaredifficultwithoutextensiveuseofinformationtechnology.Businessestodayuseinformationsystemstoachievesixmajorobjectives:operationalexcellence;newproducts,services,andbusinessmodels;customer/supplierintimacy;improveddecisionmaking;competitiveadvantage;andday-to-daysurvival.3.Whatexactlyisaninformationsystem?Howdoesitwork?Whatareitsmanagement,organization,andtechnologycomponents?Fromatechnicalperspective,aninformationsystemcollects,stores,anddisseminatesinformationfromanorganization’senvironmentandinternaloperationstosupportorganizationalfunctionsanddecisionmaking,communication,coordination,control,analysis,andvisualization.Informationsystemstransformrawdataintousefulinformationthroughthreebasicactivities:input,processing,andoutput.Fromabusinessperspective,aninformationsystemprovidesasolutiontoaproblemorchallengefacingafirmandrepresentsacombinationofmanagement,organization,andtechnologyelements.Themanagementdimensionofinformationsystemsinvolvesissuessuchasleadership,strategy,andmanagementbehavior.Thetechnologydimensionconsistsofcomputerhardware,software,datamanagementtechnology,andnetworking/telecommunicationstechnology(includingtheInternet).Theorganizationdimensionofinformationsystemsinvolvesissuessuchastheorganization’shierarchy,functionalspecialties,businessprocesses,culture,andpoliticalinterestgroups.4.Whatarecomplementaryassets?Whyarecomplementaryassetsessentialforensuringthatinformationsystemsprovidegenuinevalueforanorganization?Inordertoobtainmeaningfulvaluefrominformationsystems,organizationsmustsupporttheirtechnologyinvestmentswithappropriatecomplementaryinvestmentsinorganizationsandmanagement.Thesecomplementaryassetsincludenewbusinessmodelsandbusinessprocesses,supportiveorganizationalcultureandmanagementbehavior,appropriatetechnologystandards,regulations,andlaws.Newinformationtechnologyinvestmentsareunlikelytoproducehighreturnsunlessbusinessesmaketheappropriatemanagerialandorganizationalchangestosupportthetechnology.5.Whatacademicdisciplinesareusedtostudyinformationsystems?Howdoeseachcontributetoanunderstandingofinformationsystems?Whatisasociotechnicalsystemsperspective?Thestudyofinformationsystemsdealswithissuesandinsightscontributedfromtechnicalandbehavioraldisciplines.Thedisciplinesthatcontributetothetechnicalapproachfocusingonformalmodelsandcapabilitiesofsystemsarecomputerscience,managementscience,andoperationsresearch.Thedisciplinescontributingtothebehavioralapproachfocusingonthedesign,implementation,management,andbusinessimpactofsystemsarepsychology,sociology,andeconomics.Asociotechnicalviewofsystemsconsidersbothtechnicalandsocialfeaturesofsystemsandsolutionsthatrepresentthebestfitbetweenthem.II.GlobalE-businessandCollaboration1.Whatarebusinessprocesses?Howaretheyrelatedtoinformationsystems?Abusinessprocessisalogicallyrelatedsetofactivitiesthatdefineshowspecificbusinesstasksareperforanditrepresentsauniquewayinwhichanorganizationcoordinateswork,information,andknowledge.Managersneedtopayattentiontobusinessprocessesbecausetheydeterminehowwelltheorganizationcanexecuteitsbusiness,andtheymaybeasourceofstrategicadvantage.Therearebusinessprocessesspecifictoeachofthemajorbusinessfunctions,butmanybusinessprocessesarecross-functional.Informationsystemsautomatepartsofbusinessprocesses,andtheycanhelporganizationsredesignandstreamlinetheseprocesses.2.Howdosystemsservethedifferentmanagementgroupsinabusiness?Systemsservingoperationalmanagementaretransactionprocessingsystems(TPS),suchaspayrollororderprocessing,thattracktheflowofthedailyroutinetransactionsnecessarytoconductbusiness.Managementinformationsystems(MIS)producereportsservingmiddlemanagementbycondensinginformationfromTPS,andthesearenothighlyanalytical.Decision-supportsystems(DSS)supportmanagementdecisionsthatareuniqueandrapidlychangingusingadvancedanalyticalmodels.Allofthesetypesofsystemsprovidebusinessintelligencethathelpsmanagersandenterpriseemployeesmakemoreinformeddecisions.Thesesystemsforbusinessintelligenceservemultiplelevelsofmanagement,andincludeexecutivesupportsystems(ESS)forseniormanagementthatprovidedataintheformofgraphs,charts,anddashboardsdeliveredviaportalsusingmanysourcesofinternalandexternalinformation.3.Howdosystemsthatlinktheenterpriseimproveorganizationalperformance?Enterpriseapplicationsaredesignedtocoordinatemultiplefunctionsandbusinessprocesses.Enterprisesystemsintegratethekeyinternalbusinessprocessesofafirmintoasinglesoftwaresystemtoimprovecoordinationanddecisionmaking.Supplychainmanagementsystemshelpthefirmmanageitsrelationshipwithsupplierstooptimizetheplanning,sourcing,manufacturing,anddeliveryofproductsandservices.Customerrelationshipmanagement(CRM)systemscoordinatethebusinessprocessessurroundingthefirm’scustomers.Knowledgemanagementsystemsenablefirmstooptimizethecreation,sharing,anddistributionofknowledge.IntranetsandextranetsareprivatecorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologythatassembleinformationfromdisparatesystems.Extranetsmakeportionsofprivatecorporateintranetsavailabletooutsiders.4.Whyaresystemsforcollaborationandteamworksoimportantandwhattechnologiesdotheyuse?Collaborationisworkingwithotherstoachievesharedandexplicitgoals.Collaborationandteamworkhavebecomeincreasinglyimportantinbusinessbecauseofglobalization,thedecentralizationofdecisionmaking,andgrowthinjobswhereinteractionistheprimaryvalue-addingactivity.Collaborationisbelievedtoenhanceinnovation,productivity,quality,andcustomerservice.Effectivecollaborationtodayrequiresasupportiveorganizationalcultureaswellasinformationsystemsandtoolsforcollaborativework.Collaborationtoolsincludee-mailandinstantmessaging,wikis,videoconferencingsystems,virtualworlds,socialnetworkingsystems,cellphones,andInternetcollaborationplatformssuchasGoogleApps/Sites,MicrosoftSharePoint,andLotusNotes.5.Whatistheroleoftheinformationsystemsfunctioninabusiness?Theinformationsystemsdepartmentistheformalorganizationalunitresponsibleforinformationtechnologyservices.Itisresponsibleformaintainingthehardware,software,datastorage,andnetworksthatcomprisethefirm’sITinfrastructure.Thedepartmentconsistsofspecialists,suchasprogrammers,systemsanalysts,projectleaders,andinformationsystemsmanagers,andisoftenheadedbyaCIO.III.InformationSystems,Organizations,andStrategy1.Whichfeaturesoforganizationsdomanagersneedtoknowabouttobuildanduseinformationsystemssuccessfully?Whatistheimpactofinformationsystemsonorganizations?Allmodernorganizationsarehierarchical,specialized,andimpartial,usingexplicitroutinestomaximizeefficiency.Allorganizationshavetheirownculturesandpoliticsarisingfromdifferencesininterestgroups,antheyareaffectedbytheirsurroundingenvironment.Organizationsdifferingoals,groupsserved,socialroles,leadershipstyles,incentives,typesoftasksperformed,andtypeofstructure.Thesefeatureshelpexplaindifferencesinorganizations’useofinformationsystems.Informationsystemsandtheorganizationsinwhichtheyareusedinteractwithandinfluenceeachother.Theintroductionofanewinformationsystemwillaffectorganizationalstructure,goals,workdesign,values,competitionbetweeninterestgroups,decisionmaking,andday-to-daybehavior.Atthesametime,informationsystemsmustbedesignedtoservetheneedsofimportantorganizationalgroupsandwillbeshapedbytheorganization’sstructure,businessprocesses,goals,culture,politics,andmanagement.Informationtechnologycanreducetransactionandagencycosts,andsuchchangeshavebeenaccentuatedinorganizationsusingtheInternet.Newsystemsdisruptestablishedpatternsofworkandpowerrelationships,sothereisoftenconsiderableresistancetothemwhentheyareintroduced.2.HowdoesPorter’scompetitiveforcesmodelhelpcompaniesdevelopcompetitivestrategiesusinginformationsystems?InPorter’scompetitiveforcesmodel,thestrategicpositionofthefirm,anditsstrategies,aredeterminedbycompetitionwithitstraditionaldirectcompetitors,buttheyarealsogreatlyaffectedbynewmarketentrants,substituteproductsandservices,suppliers,andcustomers.Informationsystemshelpcompaniescompetebymaintaininglowcosts,differentiatingproductsorservices,focusingonmarketniche,strengtheningtieswithcustomersandsuppliers,andincreasingbarrierstomarketentrywithhighlevelsofoperationalexcellence.3.Howdothevaluechainandvaluewebmodelshelpbusinessesidentifyopportunitiesforstrategicinformationsystemapplications?Thevaluechainmodelhighlightsspecificactivitiesinthebusinesswherecompetitivestrategiesandinformationsystemswillhavethegreatestimpact.Themodelviewsthefirmasaseriesofprimaryandsupportactivitiesthataddvaluetoafirm’sproductsorservices.Primaryactivitiesaredirectlyrelatedtoproductionanddistribution,whereassupportactivitiesmakethedeliveryofprimaryactivitiespossible.Afirm’svaluechaincanbelinkedtothevaluechainsofitssuppliers,distributors,andcustomers.Avaluewebconsistsofinformationsystemsthatenhancecompetitivenessattheindustrylevelbypromotingtheuseofstandardsandindustry-wideconsortia,andbyenablingbusinessestoworkmoreefficientlywiththeirvaluepartners.4.Howdoinformationsystemshelpbusinessesusesynergies,corecompetencies,andnetwork-basedstrategiestoachievecompetitiveadvantage?Becausefirmsconsistofmultiplebusinessunits,informationsystemsachieveadditionalefficienciesorenhanceservicesbytyingtogethertheoperationsofdisparatebusinessunits.Informationsystemshelpbusinessesleveragetheircorecompetenciesbypromotingthesharingofknowledgeacrossbusinessunits.Informationsystemsfacilitatebusinessmodelsbasedonlargenetworksofusersorsubscribersthattakeadvantageofnetworkeconomics.Avirtualcompanystrategyusesnetworkstolinktootherfirmssothatacompanycanusethecapabilitiesofothercompaniestobuild,market,anddistributeproductsandservices.Inbusinessecosystems,multipleindustriesworktogethertodelivervaluetothecustomer.Informationsystemssupportadensenetworkofinteractionsamongtheparticipatingfirms.5.Whatarethechallengesposedbystrategicinformationsystemsandhowshouldtheybeaddressed?Implementingstrategicsystemsoftenrequiresextensiveorganizationalchangeandatransitionfromonesociotechnicalleveltoanother.Suchchangesarecalledstrategictransitionsandareoftendifficultandpainfulachieve.Moreover,notallstrategicsystemsareprofitable,andtheycanbeexpensivetobuild.Manystrategicinformationsystemsareeasilycopiedbyotherfirmssothatstrategicadvantageisnotalwayssustainable.IV.EthicalandSocialIssuesinInformationSystems1.Whatethical,social,andpoliticalissuesareraisedbyinformationsystems?Informationtechnologyisintroducingchangesforwhichlawsandrulesofacceptableconducthavenotyetbeendeveloped.Increasingcomputingpower,storage,andnetworkingcapabilities—includingtheInternet—expandthereachofindividualandorganizationalactionsandmagnifytheirimpacts.Theeaseandanonymitywithwhichinformationisnowcommunicated,copied,andmanipulatedinonlineenvironmentsposenewchallengestotheprotectionofprivacyandintellectualproperty.Themainethical,social,andpoliticalissraisedbyinformationsystemscenteraroundinformationrightsandobligations,propertyrightsandobligations,accountabilityandcontrol,systemquality,andqualityoflife.2.Whatspecificprinciplesforconductcanbeusedtoguideethicaldecisions?SixethicalprinciplesforjudgingconductincludetheGoldenRule,ImmanuelKant’sCategoricalImperative,Descartes’ruleofchange,theUtilitarianPrinciple,theRiskAversionPrinciple,andtheethical“nofreelunch”rule.Theseprinciplesshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithanethicalanalysis.3.WhydocontemporaryinformationsystemstechnologyandtheInternetposechallengestotheprotectionofindividualprivacyandintellectualproperty?Contemporarydatastorageandda