初高中英语语法基本复习(三)动词谓语的时态和语态

四、动词1、动词的分类：类别意义例句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。可分为及物动词vt，其后接宾语和不及物动词vi，不接宾语。Shehassomebananas.她吃些香蕉。Theyeatalotofpotatoes.他们常吃土豆。I’mreadinganEnglishbooknow.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。Hisfatherisateacher.他父亲是教师。Twinsusuallylookthesame.双胞胎通常看起来一样。Theteacherbecameveryangry.老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.他不说英语。Doyouhaveabrother?你有兄弟吗？Weareplayingbasketball.我们在打篮球。(be也可作助动词)情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。Youcankeepthebooksfortwoweeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。MayIsmokehere?我可以在这儿抽烟吗？Wemustgonow.我们现在得走了。2、规则动词变化表：规则变化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现在分词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾y→i,+es+ingy→i,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+sie→y,+ing+d不规则变have→has；be→is(无)(见不规则动词变化表)注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。如：prefer-preferring–preferred（更喜欢）;refer–referring–referred（参考；涉及）;occur–occurring–occurred（发生；出现）②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]。如：maps；refers③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]。如：hunted巩固练习:1）请为下列动词加上正确的第三人称单数，ing形式，过去式和过去分词。gowalkcomespeakplayrushstoppreferfirecarrytype2)请填入正确的动词形式。1.Look!Thechildren_____(enjoy)themselvesatthezoo.2.He___________(watch)TVand_______(read)aninterestingbookonSaturdayevening.3.Ken_________(water)theplantseveryday.4.I___________(play)footballontheplaygroundnextMonday.5.Theworkers__________(have)sportsontheplaygroundnow.6.You____________(invite)tothewedding.Whydidn'tyougo?7.Cheese___________(make)frommilk.8.Thebook_____(write)inSpanishandafewyearsagoit____(translate)intoEnglish.动词的时态和语态时态分类谓语结构主要用法常用时间状语主动被动一般现在时经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态every,sometimes,often,onSunday,usually,always一般过去时在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982一般将来时在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态next...,tomorrow,in+时间,intwodays,soon,thisevening,tomorrowevening4、至今，我们已经学了1600个单词。_____________________________________________________________________5、我们将在下星期完成这项工程。_______________________________________________________________________6、我们从未想过他会这么快完成这幅画。________________________________________________________________7、他说他之前已经学过一些英语。______________________________________________________________________8、玛丽在做衣服时割伤了手指。________________________________________________________________________B.请将上列句子转变成被动语态。1.________________________________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________________________3.________________________________________________________________________________________4._______________________________________________________________________________________5.________________________________________________________________________________________6._______________________________________________________________________________________7.________________________________________________________________________________________8._______________________________________________________________________________________tips:怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?步骤：1.先找出谓语动词；2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.Hehaswrittentwoletters.→Twolettershavebeenwrittenbyhim.3.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.三、短文填空（涉及8种时态）I1________(have)aletterfrommysisteryesterday.ShelivesinNigeria.She2_________(be)thereforthreeyears.Inherletter,shesaidthatshe3____________(come)toEnglandnextyear.Shealsosaidthatshewasstill4___________(learn)theFrenchlanguage.Ifshecomes,she5____(get)asurprise.We6__________(be)nowlivinginabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.Workonit7__________(begin)beforemysisterleft.Thehouse8__________(complete)fivemonthsago.Inmyletter,Itoldherthatshe9____________(can)staywithus.Thehousehasmanylargeroomsandthere10_______(be)alovelygarden.Itisaverymodernhouse,soit11__________(look)stran