考研历年英语真题

2011考研英语真题完整版

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexercise

precioustohealth.nBut1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobably

haslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes2short-termchanges

inthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygen

consumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4agoodlaughis

unlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

—6―,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter

apparentlyaccomplishesthe_7—,studiesdatingbacktothe1930*5indicate

thatlaughter_8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes

afterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9_theeffectsofpsychological

stress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof

___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividuaHsemotionalstate.

_11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted

12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythat

humansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetears

begintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscan

flow_15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,social

psychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwurzburginGermanyasked

volunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificial

smile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)_17___expression.Those

forcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreexuberantlytofunny

cartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___

thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround

_20_,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]lnbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordinc)to[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusic

directorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesudden

announcementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehas

beenfavorable,tosaytheleast.wHooray!Atlast!"wroteAnthonyTommasini,a

sober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,is

thatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocated

GilberfsappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwith

noairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusic

directorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustav

MahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimes

readersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagood

one.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,

butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohear

interestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootup

mycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlive

performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyofthe

art-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithopera

houses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.

Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigher

inartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe

“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespread

availabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionof

thetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenew

musicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilberfsowninterestinnewmusichas

beenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasa

manwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,more

vibrantorganization.MButwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merely

expandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthe

Philharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetween

America'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilberfsappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtfuL

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,his

explanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitinthe

usualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemy

goalofrunningacompany.nBroadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmy

decision/*McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewith

theboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand

chairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhat

kindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutside

worldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2

executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthatthey

werelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponse

toshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishto

moveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautious

oflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemore

willingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwas

down23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,

accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswill

aboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.

Foryearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemost

attractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/Ferry

seniorpartnerDennisCarey:"Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewherea

boardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.n

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositions

quickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshe

wantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatiny

Internet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005

withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial

institutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancial

crisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.

“Thetraditionalrulewasifssafertostaywhereyouare,butthafsbeen

fundamentallyinverted/1saysoneheadhunter.uThepeoplewho'vebeenhurt

theworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedas

being

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives,quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.ltcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

[D]ifssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.

Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media-suchastelevisioncommercialsand

printadvertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmany

alternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate

“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomers

registeredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrange

offactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirown

products.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers*

responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecomeanother

marketer'spaidmedia-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsad

spaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetraffic

issostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengines

withinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,

effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotels

andwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreated

BabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryand

evencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofother

marketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiesto

learnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies,marketing,and

mayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswith

more(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtherisk

thatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,and

muchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,other

stakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandor

product.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycan

hijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycott

products,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,

thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthe

learningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeof

thedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickand

well-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortsto

engagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssite

Digg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]randomcompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.

[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Text4

IfsnosurprisethatJenniferSenior'sinsightful,provocativemagazinecover

story,HlloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,"isarousingmuchchatter-nothing

getspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthana

completelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthat

childrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedto

redefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasured

bymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tense

condition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbe

soul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthatutheverythingsthatinthemoment

dampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.M

Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardly

theonlyMadonna-and-chiIdimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealso

storiesaboutnewlyadoptive-andnewlysingle-momSandraBullock,aswell

astheusual"JenniferAnistonispregnant"news.Practicallyeveryweek

featuresatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthat

admittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupport

kitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsof

parentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedto

wonderiftheyshouldn'thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebothered

withthemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:

obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesin

theirlives.

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyand

Peoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresingle

motherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsare

lesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.No

shockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnerto

leanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir,<ownn(read:

withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.

Ifshardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjust

becauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadults

understandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit'sinterestingtowonderifthe

imagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthood

aren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactions

withtheactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushoped

getting“theRachel"mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.

36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring

[A]temporarydelight

[B]enjoymentinprogress

[C]happinessinretrospect

[D]lastingreward

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

38.ltissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks

[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.

[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis

[A]soothing.

[B]ambiguous.

[C]compensatory.

[D]misleading.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.

[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,you

arerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosing

fromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandG

havebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10

points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmas

thehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyears

andamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoral

degreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoral

studentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,

philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%of

Americancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%in

historyand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswant

theirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthatevery

educatedpersonshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata

"generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,uthegreat

booksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenreadn-theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhich

theyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.Thisispartly

becauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudents

wanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmore

bachelor'sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudents

requiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,many

humanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhave

notbeentrained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycan

cutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-arts

educationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtin

differentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.Althoughmorethan

halfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,future

doctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebefore

embarkingonaprofessionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmerican

universitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyfor

academicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrose

fourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfas

researchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoral

degreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969a

thirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehind

professionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneeded

foraparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.nSo

disciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,but

alsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthe

wayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.^^Otherwise,academics

willcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthe

societieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize."Academicinquiry,atleast

insomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic."Yet

quitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:Reformand

ResistanceintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinking

ofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.

ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouis

Menand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.

|41.~HE卜+•口旧.H45.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

intoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.

(10points)

Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,“creatingourinnercharacter

andoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisan

in-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.

(46)Allen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecause

wearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneous

nature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethink

thatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkone

wayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmind

generatesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeable

tosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywe

arecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:"WhvcanrotImakemyselfdothisor

achievethat?”

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonot

accordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:"Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhat

weare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternal

achievement;youdon't"get”successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetween

mindandmatter.

\PartofthefameofAllen'sbookisitscontentionthatHCircumstancesdonot

makeaperson,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectof

thoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseat

thetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.

This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetof

circumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.If

circumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,then

humanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,(49)circumstancessvemto

bedesiqnedtobrinaoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen

“wronged"thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromour

situation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson'searlylifeandits

conditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen'sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforour

presentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theunsideisthepossibilities

containedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexperts

inthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.

SectionJUWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand2)givereasonsforyour

recommendation

Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMlNG"instead.

Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyour

essay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainifsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcommerits.

YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

旅程之“余”

2011考研英语答案(万学海文版)

SectionIUseofEnglish

1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A

11.B12.C13.D14.C15.B16.D17.A18.D19.A20.C

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B

31.D32.C33.B34.A35.A36.C37.C38.D39.D40.B

PartB

41.B42.D43.A44.C45.F

PartCTranslation

46.艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自

己的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。

47.虽然仅通过显意识就能能够保持控制的错觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，那

就是“为什么我不能设法完成这样或那样的事情。

48.这似乎可能为必要时的忽视而正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及

处于低层人们的劣势感。

49.环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意

识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。

50.正面意义在于我们了解任何事情都取决于我们自己，之前我们受到一系列的限制，而

现在我们成了权威。

SectionIIIWriting

51.小作文参考范文

小作文范文一：

Dearfriend,

Iamwriting,withouthesi