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初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构

成形式为“to+动词原形”,to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。

一、动词不定式作主语

Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.

=ItisimportarUtolearnfromyourfriends.

Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.

=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsay比ggoodbye.

Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes

.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.

动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主

语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:

(l)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.

(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth.

(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.

(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.

句式⑴中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,

与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;

句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表

示的动作、行为的性质。

1.It'sourdutytheroomeveryday.

A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(廿肃省)

2.It'shardforusEnglishwell.

A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)

3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

Itwilltheworkersoverayeartheflyover.(北京市海淀区)

4.It'sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.

A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(安徽省)

二、动词不定式作宾语

在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,

forget,remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it

作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

1.Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)

2.Don'tforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.

A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)

3.Hefounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)

三、动词不定式作宾语补足语

不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,teach,expect,

tell,allow等。

1.RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.

A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)

2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.

A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)

作句子的表阔:不定式放在be动词后面,用作表语如:

HerdreamistobeaDolicemcm.

MyjobistohelptheDatienL

Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.

Mydreamistoarobot.

Thedoctor\suggestionistotakemoveexercise.

Thebestwayisiotalktoyourparents.

HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer

四、动词不定式作状语

go,come,try,do/tryone*sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作

目的状语。

1.Shewentherteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)

2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.

A.leamB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)

"be+形容词+todosth”结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式

3.I'msorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)

4.Tmsorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)

5.Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)

在上述"too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo…”(太...而不能....^Penough(forsb)todo…”(足以、

足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。

6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)

Theholesuchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)

7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)

Theiceonthelakewasn'tenoughpeople.(广东省)

Keys:6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on

五、动词不定式作定语

不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关

系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物

动词。

1.Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)

2.1havealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)

3.Heisnotaneasyman.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(ll[东省)

六、不带to的动词不定式

1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足

语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在“had

better”后面接不带to的不定式。

1.Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)

2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)

3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter.

A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)

4.1wasmademyhomeworkintheafternoon.

A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)

七、动词不定式的否定形式

动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直

接在动词原形前面加上not.

1.MrBlackaskedthemanthequeue.

A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)

2.TheoldmantoldthechildnoisyA.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)

3.Thereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.

A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe(内蒙古自治区)

Key:1.A2.B3.C

八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词・ine形式的区别

一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:

“stoptodosth"意为”停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”,

"stopdoingsth"意为"停止正在做的事”:

''remembertodoslh"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做),

"rememberdoingsth”意为”记得做过某事"(事已做):

”goontodosth”意为“接着做某事”(做完一事,接着做另一事),

"goondoingsth"意为”继续做某事”(一事未做完接着往下做):

"forgettodosth"意为"忘了做某事”(事还未做),

“forgetdoingsth"意为”忘了曾做过某事”(事上做)。

needtodosth.需要做某事

needdoingsth.需要被做

goontodosth.继续做另--件事

goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事

trytodo努力、企图做某事;

trydoing实验、试着做某事;

regrettodo对要做的事遗憾;

regretdoing对做过的事遗憾;

can'thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事;

can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事。

1.Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)

2.-----Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?

------Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖」匕省)

3.-----Let'shavearest,shallwe?

------Notnow,Ican'tstoptheletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)

4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)

在see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式

作宾语补足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作J结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动

作尚未结束)。

5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplaneovermyhead.

A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)

6.Awomansawitwhenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen

九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留

在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下.文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式可以

省略,但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"可gladto","wouldlike(love)to","haveto”等结构中。

1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?

A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)

2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?

A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,FdlovetoD.Tdlike(大连市)

六、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构

起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不

定式不带tOo

例如:/don'tknowwhattotrynext.(作宾语)

Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)

注意:单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?)

Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?)

在与why连用时,只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定

式不带tOo

Whynothavearest?

Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)

Ireallydon'tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)

Thetroubleis皿e-etoputthemachined=whereweshouldputthemachine)

IaskedhimtoleamEnglish\velL(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)

Hedidn7knoww痴"tosay.

Howiosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhe/ttostart.

Pleaseshowushowtousethecommder.

Idem7km)wwhattobuyforyou.

二,选择

1.Myteacherwasmadehisteaching

becauseofpoorhealth.

A.givingupB.togiveup

C.giveupD.givenup

2.Thesentencewantsoncemore.

A.explainedB.toexplain

C.beingexplainedD.explaining

3.TheArcticisconsideredthenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.

A.havingbeenB.tohavebeen

C.tobeD.being

4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth

forhimwithoutdelay.

A.tohavewovenB.tobewoven

C.tobeweavingD.toweave

5.1foundtheGermanlanguagehard.

A.learnedB.learning

C.tobelearnedD.tolearn

6.一Thelightintheofficeisstillon.

-Oh,Iforgot.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoff

C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff

7.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreement

betweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

—Thekeytheproblemistomeet

thedemandbythecustomers.

A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,made

C.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made

8.Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?

——Itisaverygood.

A.schooltostudyin

B.schoolforchildrentostudy

C.studyingschool

D.schooltostudy

9.一Didyougetajob?

---No,I___,butit'snouse.

A.expectedB.triedto

C.managedtoD.planned

10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_

aheadoftime.

A.tofinishB.finishing

C.beingfinishedD.tobefinished

11.—IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.

——Whynot__therebyboatfora

change?

A.totrytogoB.trygoing

C.totrygoingD.trytogo

12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrom

morningtillnight.

A.TomakeB.Made

C.MakingD.Tohavemade

13.1wouldratherstarvetodeaththan_

forfood.

A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg

14.Theboypretendedwhenhismother

entered.

A.readingB.toread

C.tobereadingD.beingread

三、选择

1.Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy

C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.

A.notmakeB.nottomake

C.notmakingD.don'tmake

3.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpect

C.tobeexpectingD.expects

4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhether

theywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseen

C.seeingD.see

5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.

A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithit

C.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit

6.Themotherdidn'tknowtoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewas

out.

A.whoB.whenC.howD.why

7.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

8.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.

A.havingmetB.meeting

C.tomeetD.tohavemet

9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

10.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnot

C.nottoeatD.noteating

11.1wouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.

A.togoB.tohavegone

C.goingD.havinggone

12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.

A.toinventB.inventing

C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

13.LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.

A.tobetakenB.totake

C.beingtakenD.taking

14.lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.TosleepB.Sleeping

C.SleepD.Havingsleep

15.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.

A.don'tmakeB.notmake

C.notmakingD.nottomake

四.填空

•Peterwas(make)outside.

•He(behear)unlockthedoorandgoout.

•Themanwasseen(shoot)thewomanonthestreet.

•Theoldladywasnoticed(wipe)herfacewithahandkerchief.

•Iforgottoaskyougotothebank.

•Itisveryimportant(turnoff)theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.

•Iknowhow(make)amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.

•Luckily,wedon'thavemuchmorework.

•Shewasverypleased(have)theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.

•Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis

(get)marriedandhaveachild.

五、真题练习

1.Mymotheroftenasksmeearly.(2003年北京)

A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup

2.Theteachertoldherstudentsinpublic.(2003年黑龙江)

A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout

3isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肃省)

A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its

4It'sniceyoumewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)

A.for;tohelpB.for;helping

C.of;tohelpD.of;helping

5Theydecidedattheendofthismonth.(2002年济南市)

A.toleaveB.going

C.travelD.notstartout

6Allofusfounddifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it

7Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南宁市)

A.tohaveB.having

C.haveD.has

8,There'senoughbirdfoodforamonth.(2001年山西省)

A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted

9,Shehasnopaper.(2001年重庆市)

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon

10Motheraskedmesomefruitaftersupper.(2003年新疆生产建设兵团)

A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy

11.Lethimarest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年济南市)

A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has

12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildrenintheroom.(2003

年桂林市)

A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed

13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.

-Yes,sheisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特

市)

A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped

14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly

belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)

A.inordertoB.inordertonot

C.soasnottoD.soasto

15Let'ssoasnotlateforthemeeting.

A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe

C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be

16Therersnodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon*tknow.(

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