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初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构
成形式为“to+动词原形”,to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。
一、动词不定式作主语
Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.
=ItisimportarUtolearnfromyourfriends.
Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.
=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsay比ggoodbye.
Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes
.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.
动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主
语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:
(l)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.
(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth.
(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.
(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.
句式⑴中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,
与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;
句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表
示的动作、行为的性质。
1.It'sourdutytheroomeveryday.
A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(廿肃省)
2.It'shardforusEnglishwell.
A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
Itwilltheworkersoverayeartheflyover.(北京市海淀区)
4.It'sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.
A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(安徽省)
二、动词不定式作宾语
在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,
forget,remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it
作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
1.Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)
2.Don'tforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.
A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)
3.Hefounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语
不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,teach,expect,
tell,allow等。
1.RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.
A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)
2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.
A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)
作句子的表阔:不定式放在be动词后面,用作表语如:
HerdreamistobeaDolicemcm.
MyjobistohelptheDatienL
Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.
Mydreamistoarobot.
Thedoctor\suggestionistotakemoveexercise.
Thebestwayisiotalktoyourparents.
HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer
四、动词不定式作状语
go,come,try,do/tryone*sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作
目的状语。
1.Shewentherteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)
2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.
A.leamB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)
"be+形容词+todosth”结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式
3.I'msorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)
4.Tmsorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)
5.Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)
在上述"too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo…”(太...而不能....^Penough(forsb)todo…”(足以、
足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。
6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)
Theholesuchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)
7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)
Theiceonthelakewasn'tenoughpeople.(广东省)
Keys:6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on
五、动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关
系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物
动词。
1.Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)
2.1havealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)
3.Heisnotaneasyman.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(ll[东省)
六、不带to的动词不定式
1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足
语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在“had
better”后面接不带to的不定式。
1.Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)
2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)
3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter.
A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)
4.1wasmademyhomeworkintheafternoon.
A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)
七、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直
接在动词原形前面加上not.
1.MrBlackaskedthemanthequeue.
A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)
2.TheoldmantoldthechildnoisyA.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)
3.Thereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.
A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe(内蒙古自治区)
Key:1.A2.B3.C
八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词・ine形式的区别
一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:
“stoptodosth"意为”停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”,
"stopdoingsth"意为"停止正在做的事”:
''remembertodoslh"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做),
"rememberdoingsth”意为”记得做过某事"(事已做):
”goontodosth”意为“接着做某事”(做完一事,接着做另一事),
"goondoingsth"意为”继续做某事”(一事未做完接着往下做):
"forgettodosth"意为"忘了做某事”(事还未做),
“forgetdoingsth"意为”忘了曾做过某事”(事上做)。
needtodosth.需要做某事
needdoingsth.需要被做
goontodosth.继续做另--件事
goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事
trytodo努力、企图做某事;
trydoing实验、试着做某事;
regrettodo对要做的事遗憾;
regretdoing对做过的事遗憾;
can'thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事;
can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事。
1.Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)
2.-----Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?
------Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖」匕省)
3.-----Let'shavearest,shallwe?
------Notnow,Ican'tstoptheletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)
4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)
在see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式
作宾语补足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作J结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动
作尚未结束)。
5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplaneovermyhead.
A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)
6.Awomansawitwhenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen
九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留
在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下.文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式可以
省略,但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于"可gladto","wouldlike(love)to","haveto”等结构中。
1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?
A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)
2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?
A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,FdlovetoD.Tdlike(大连市)
六、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构
起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不
定式不带tOo
例如:/don'tknowwhattotrynext.(作宾语)
Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)
注意:单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?)
Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?)
在与why连用时,只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定
式不带tOo
Whynothavearest?
Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)
Ireallydon'tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)
Thetroubleis皿e-etoputthemachined=whereweshouldputthemachine)
IaskedhimtoleamEnglish\velL(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)
Hedidn7knoww痴"tosay.
Howiosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.
Myquestioniswhe/ttostart.
Pleaseshowushowtousethecommder.
Idem7km)wwhattobuyforyou.
二,选择
1.Myteacherwasmadehisteaching
becauseofpoorhealth.
A.givingupB.togiveup
C.giveupD.givenup
2.Thesentencewantsoncemore.
A.explainedB.toexplain
C.beingexplainedD.explaining
3.TheArcticisconsideredthenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.
A.havingbeenB.tohavebeen
C.tobeD.being
4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth
forhimwithoutdelay.
A.tohavewovenB.tobewoven
C.tobeweavingD.toweave
5.1foundtheGermanlanguagehard.
A.learnedB.learning
C.tobelearnedD.tolearn
6.一Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
-Oh,Iforgot.
A.turningitoffB.turnitoff
C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff
7.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreement
betweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
—Thekeytheproblemistomeet
thedemandbythecustomers.
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,made
C.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
8.Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?
——Itisaverygood.
A.schooltostudyin
B.schoolforchildrentostudy
C.studyingschool
D.schooltostudy
9.一Didyougetajob?
---No,I___,butit'snouse.
A.expectedB.triedto
C.managedtoD.planned
10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_
aheadoftime.
A.tofinishB.finishing
C.beingfinishedD.tobefinished
11.—IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.
——Whynot__therebyboatfora
change?
A.totrytogoB.trygoing
C.totrygoingD.trytogo
12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrom
morningtillnight.
A.TomakeB.Made
C.MakingD.Tohavemade
13.1wouldratherstarvetodeaththan_
forfood.
A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg
14.Theboypretendedwhenhismother
entered.
A.readingB.toread
C.tobereadingD.beingread
三、选择
1.Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy
C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomake
C.notmakingD.don'tmake
3.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.
A.expectedB.toexpect
C.tobeexpectingD.expects
4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhether
theywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseen
C.seeingD.see
5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithit
C.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit
6.Themotherdidn'tknowtoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewas
out.
A.whoB.whenC.howD.why
7.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
8.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.
A.havingmetB.meeting
C.tomeetD.tohavemet
9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
10.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnot
C.nottoeatD.noteating
11.1wouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegone
C.goingD.havinggone
12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventing
C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
13.LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetakenB.totake
C.beingtakenD.taking
14.lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.
A.TosleepB.Sleeping
C.SleepD.Havingsleep
15.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.
A.don'tmakeB.notmake
C.notmakingD.nottomake
四.填空
•Peterwas(make)outside.
•He(behear)unlockthedoorandgoout.
•Themanwasseen(shoot)thewomanonthestreet.
•Theoldladywasnoticed(wipe)herfacewithahandkerchief.
•Iforgottoaskyougotothebank.
•Itisveryimportant(turnoff)theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.
•Iknowhow(make)amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.
•Luckily,wedon'thavemuchmorework.
•Shewasverypleased(have)theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.
•Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis
(get)marriedandhaveachild.
五、真题练习
1.Mymotheroftenasksmeearly.(2003年北京)
A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup
2.Theteachertoldherstudentsinpublic.(2003年黑龙江)
A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout
3isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肃省)
A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its
4It'sniceyoumewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)
A.for;tohelpB.for;helping
C.of;tohelpD.of;helping
5Theydecidedattheendofthismonth.(2002年济南市)
A.toleaveB.going
C.travelD.notstartout
6Allofusfounddifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it
7Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南宁市)
A.tohaveB.having
C.haveD.has
8,There'senoughbirdfoodforamonth.(2001年山西省)
A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted
9,Shehasnopaper.(2001年重庆市)
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon
10Motheraskedmesomefruitaftersupper.(2003年新疆生产建设兵团)
A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy
11.Lethimarest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年济南市)
A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has
12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildrenintheroom.(2003
年桂林市)
A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed
13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.
-Yes,sheisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特
市)
A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped
14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly
belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)
A.inordertoB.inordertonot
C.soasnottoD.soasto
15Let'ssoasnotlateforthemeeting.
A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe
C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be
16Therersnodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon*tknow.(
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