2018高考英语-全国一卷

2018高考英语全国（一）卷第一部分听力（共20小题：每题1.5分，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A.WatchaTVprogram.B.Givetalk.C.Writeareport.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She'sgenerous.B.She'scuriousC.She'shelpful.3.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:00B.At8:30C.At10:304.Howdoesthewomangowork?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybike.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Doctorandpatient.第二节（共15小题：每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanregret?A.Givingupherresearch.B.Droppingoutofcollege.C.Changinghermajor.7.Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.EcologyB.EducationC.Chemistry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheman?A.Ahotelmanager.B.Atourguide.C.Ataxidriver.9.Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A.Lookingforsomelocalfoods.B.Showingheraroundtheseaside.C.Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，回答10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.AthomeC.Atarestaurant.11.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.12.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.MikeB.JoanC.Catherine听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A.Tolookatanapartment.B.Todeliversomefurniture.C.Tohaveamealtogether.14.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It'sagoodsize.B.It'snewlypainted.C.It'sadequatelyequipped.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.GodowntownB.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans.B.Newsreporters.C.Collegestudents.18.WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A.Beforehelefthishometown.B.AfterhecametoAmerica.C.Whenhewas15yearsold.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He'sproud.B.He'ssympathetic.C.He'sgrateful.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Howeducationshapedthisfife.B.Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）AWashington.D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington.D.CDuration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington.D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hourMorningorAfternoonthisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents.Congress,memories,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hour(7miles)JoinasmallgrouphiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridesareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomTourinWashington.D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.disappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover4000fthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.AdvancedC.Powerful. D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent.A.About6,800. B.About3,400.C.About2,400. D.About1,200.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsforenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings，Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–formwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyuseevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputersbasicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.”Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekid’sroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTV’swithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchastabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.TheyfoundthatmoreondemandentertainmentviewingontablesinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?__36__,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.__37__,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones._38__.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.__39___.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisioninyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.___40___WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou’relookingforIfyou’reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithIt’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I__41__theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto__42__afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t__43__enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour__44__wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which__45__Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s__46__,Icouldhardlywaitto__47__him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis__48__wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemakeit__49__thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto__50__theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__51__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand__52__toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat__53__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe_54__.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhatbe__55__me:”Theabsolutemostimportant__56__thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood__57__.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto_58__asituation,processwhatyouopponent(对手)isdoingand_59_thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy__60__asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节（共10小题；没小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournalrunnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastlong62(see)thebenefitYoumaydrink,smokebeoverwhelmingandstillreduceyourriskof63（die）earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise……It’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfacesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)短文改错(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉

修改：在错